Global mycorrhizal plant distribution linked to terrestrial carbon stocks

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Nov. 7, 2019

Vegetation impacts on ecosystem functioning are mediated by mycorrhizas, plant-fungal associations formed most plant species. Ecosystems dominated distinct mycorrhizal types differ strongly in their biogeochemistry. Quantitative analyses of hindered the scarcity information distributions. Here we present global, high-resolution maps vegetation biomass distribution dominant associations. Arbuscular, ectomycorrhizal, and ericoid store, respectively, 241 ± 15, 100 17, 7 1.8 GT carbon aboveground biomass, whereas non-mycorrhizal stores 29 5.5 carbon. Soil stocks both topsoil subsoil positively related to community-level fraction ectomycorrhizal plants, though strength this relationship varies across biomes. We show that human-induced transformations Earth's ecosystems have reduced vegetation, with potential ramifications terrestrial stocks. Our work provides a benchmark for spatially explicit globally quantitative assessments biogeochemical cycling.

Language: Английский

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Contrasting dynamics and trait controls in first-order root compared with leaf litter decomposition

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(41), P. 10392 - 10397

Published: Sept. 25, 2018

Significance Decomposition of plant roots and associated fungal mutualists is a dominant process in ecosystem carbon cycles, yet woefully understudied compared with decomposition leaf litter, particularly for the finest order that have highest turnover. In field experiment, we finest, most distal litter among 35 cooccurring temperate forest species over 6 years. We found rates root tips were considerably lower than those controlled by nonlignin compounds contrast to lignin:nitrogen ratio control decomposition. Our study suggests models terrestrial cycling based on aboveground patterns are inadequate describe roots.

Language: Английский

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Rhizosphere control of soil nitrogen cycling: a key component of plant economic strategies

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 228(4), P. 1269 - 1282

Published: June 20, 2020

Understanding how plant species influence soil nutrient cycling is a major theme in terrestrial ecosystem ecology. However, the prevailing paradigm has mostly focused on litter decomposition, while rhizosphere effects organic matter (SOM) decomposition have attracted little attention. Using dual 13 C/15 N labeling approach 'common garden' glasshouse experiment, we investigated economic strategies of 12 grassland (graminoids, forbs and legumes) drive nitrogen (N) via processes, this turn affects acquisition growth. Acquisitive with higher photosynthesis, carbon rhizodeposition uptake than conservative induced stronger acceleration through priming SOM decomposition. This allowed them to take up larger amounts allocate it above ground promote thereby sustaining their faster The N2 -fixation ability legumes enhanced by promoting photosynthesis rhizodeposition. Our study demonstrates that regulate plant-soil carbon-nitrogen feedback operating rhizosphere. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into contrasting sustain nutrition growth regulating nutrients microbes

Language: Английский

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Fast-decaying plant litter enhances soil carbon in temperate forests but not through microbial physiological traits

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 9, 2022

Abstract Conceptual and empirical advances in soil biogeochemistry have challenged long-held assumptions about the role of micro-organisms organic carbon (SOC) dynamics; yet, rigorous tests emerging concepts remain sparse. Recent hypotheses suggest that microbial necromass production links plant inputs to SOC accumulation, with high-quality (i.e., rapidly decomposing) litter promoting use efficiency, growth, turnover leading more mineral stabilization necromass. We test this hypothesis experimentally observations across six eastern US forests, using stable isotopes measure traits dynamics. Here we show, both studies, are negatively (not positively) related mineral-associated SOC. In experiment, stimulation growth by enhances decomposition, offsetting positive effect quality on stabilization. is not primary driver persistence temperate forests. Factors such as origin, alternative formation pathways, priming effects, abiotic properties can strongly decouple from

Language: Английский

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Decomposition and transformations along the continuum from litter to soil organic matter in forest soils

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 498, P. 119522 - 119522

Published: July 31, 2021

Until recently, the processes of litter decomposition and soil organic matter formation in forests have been studied isolation, which has hindered development a comprehensive understanding entire process. The last decade brought considerable progress this scientific endeavour response to challenge sequester atmospheric C forest soils. In paper we review key recent developments field describe our current collective transformation pathways ecosystems. Compelling evidence that most slow-cycling SOM microbially transformed forces us rethink standard technique measuring mass remaining litterbags during incubation indicate rates. Rather than indicating remains undecomposed, these measurements reflect net outcome two simultaneous processes: plant material accumulation microbial faunal products. Measurement both pools, rather just total is necessary understand processes. For example, apparent retarding effect available N on loss late-stage may actually result from promoting production biomass necromass, thereby increasing products decay. We recommend referring as ‘net remaining’ or ‘residue mass’ ‘litter mass’, acknowledge its changing composition proceeds. Decomposition with abundant detritivorous meso- macrofauna remain poorly understood consequence inability litterbag capture their influences (even differing mesh sizes). Long-term studies monitoring faecal subsequent transformations are urgently needed. Roots mycorrhizal fungal hyphae important sources SOM, including stable SOM. Fine roots (orders 1 2) decompose particularly slowly, do some hyphae, attributed cell-wall constituents such lignins, melanin glycoproteins. Convergence curves litters initially quickly slowly indicates leaf litter, root residues large labile contents can generate much recalcitrant litters. Transformation into follow many pathways, depending characteristics site. Key site properties influence biotic community present together determine pathway follows As such, occur along continuum between situations aboveground mainly humus accumulates surface, partially decomposed transferred mineral via bioturbation. Predicting likely should inform decisions how measure interpret particular

Language: Английский

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Atmospheric nitrogen deposition impacts on the structure and function of forest mycorrhizal communities: A review

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 246, P. 148 - 162

Published: Nov. 28, 2018

Language: Английский

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Exploring the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in soil carbon dynamics

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 223(1), P. 33 - 39

Published: Jan. 13, 2019

Summary The extent to which ectomycorrhizal ( ECM ) fungi enable plants access organic nitrogen (N) bound in soil matter SOM and transfer this growth‐limiting nutrient their plant host, has important implications for our understanding of plant–fungal interactions, the cycling storage carbon (C) N terrestrial ecosystems. Empirical evidence currently supports a range perspectives, suggesting that vary ability provide host with , capacity can both positively negatively influence C storage. To help resolve multiplicity observations, we gathered group researchers explore role dynamics, propose new directions hold promise competing hypotheses contrasting observations. In Viewpoint, summarize these deliberations identify areas inquiry increasing fundamental widespread symbionts ecosystem‐level biogeochemistry.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking complex soil systems as carbon sinks: multi-pool management as the key

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 15, 2023

Much research focuses on increasing carbon storage in mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM), which may persist for centuries to millennia. However, MAOM-targeted management is insufficient because the formation pathways of persistent soil are diverse and vary with environmental conditions. Effective must also consider particulate (POM). In many soils, there potential enlarging POM pools, can over long time scales, be a direct precursor MAOM. We present framework context-dependent strategies that recognizes soils as complex systems conditions constrain MAOM formation.

Language: Английский

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Tree functional traits, forest biomass, and tree species diversity interact with site properties to drive forest soil carbon

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 1, 2022

Abstract Forests constitute important ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. However, how trees and environmental conditions interact to determine amount of organic stored forest soils is a hotly debated subject. In particular, tree species influence soil (SOC) remains unclear. Based on compilation data, we show that functional traits standing biomass explain half local variability SOC. The effects SOC depended climatic with strongest effect observed under boreal climate acidic, poor, coarse-textured soils. Mixing forests also favours storage SOC, provided over-yielding occurs mixed forests. We propose sink can be optimised by (i) increasing biomass, (ii) richness, (iii) choosing composition based according conditions.

Language: Английский

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Synergies between mycorrhizal fungi and soil microbial communities increase plant nitrogen acquisition

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: June 21, 2019

Abstract Nitrogen availability often restricts primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are ubiquitous symbionts of plants and can improve plant nitrogen acquisition, but have a limited ability to access organic nitrogen. Although other soil biota mineralize into bioavailable forms, they may simultaneously compete for nitrogen, with unknown consequences nutrition. Here, we show that synergies between the fungus Rhizophagus irregularis microbial communities highly non-additive effect on acquisition by model grass Brachypodium distachyon . These multipartite result doubling acquire from matter tenfold increase compared non-mycorrhizal grown absence communities. This previously unquantified relationship contribute more than 70 Tg annually assimilated thereby playing critical role global nutrient cycling ecosystem function.

Language: Английский

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