Heat Waves, the New Normal: Summertime Temperature Extremes Will Impact Animals, Ecosystems, and Human Communities

Physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 34(2), P. 86 - 100

Published: Feb. 6, 2019

A consequence of climate change is the increased frequency and severity extreme heat waves. This occurring now as most warmest summers intense waves ever recorded have been during past decade. In this review, I describe ways in which animals human populations are likely to respond heat, suggest how study those responses, reflect on importance studies for countering devastating impacts change.

Language: Английский

---

Biological Impacts of Marine Heatwaves

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 119 - 145

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Climatic extremes are becoming increasingly common against a background trend of global warming. In the oceans, marine heatwaves (MHWs)-discrete periods anomalously warm water-have intensified and become more frequent over past century, impacting integrity ecosystems globally. We review synthesize current understanding MHW impacts at individual, population, community levels. then examine how these affect broader ecosystem services discuss state research on biological MHWs. Finally, we explore emergent approaches to predicting occurrence andimpacts future events, along with adaptation management approaches. With further increases in intensity frequency projected for coming decades, MHWs emerging as pervasive stressors A deeper mechanistic their is needed better predict adapt increased activity Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

---

Europe

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1817 - 1928

Published: June 22, 2023

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to content, full PDF via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Language: Английский

---

Global impacts of marine heatwaves on coastal foundation species

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: June 13, 2024

Abstract With increasingly intense marine heatwaves affecting nearshore regions, foundation species are coming under increasing stress. To better understand their impacts, we examine responses of critical, habitat-forming (macroalgae, seagrass, corals) to in 1322 shallow coastal areas located across 85 ecoregions. We find compelling evidence that intense, summer play a significant role the decline globally. Critically, detrimental effects increase towards warm-range edges and over time. also identify several ecoregions where don’t respond heatwaves, suggestive some resilience warming events. Cumulative heatwave intensity, absolute temperature, location within species’ range key factors mediating impacts. Our results suggest many ecosystems losing species, potentially impacting associated biodiversity, ecological function, ecosystem services provision. Understanding relationships between offers potential predict impacts critical for developing management adaptation approaches.

Language: Английский

---

Urban Environments Promote Adaptation to Multiple Stressors

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Anthropogenic activities have drastically changed environmental conditions worldwide, negatively impacting biodiversity and ecosystem services. At the same time, majority of human population lives in urban areas that are greatly altered from natural habitats. Nevertheless, many species thrive these environments. To improve our knowledge evolution adaptation anthropogenically impacted habitats, we conducted widest series stress experiments to date with three marine taxa: one mussel two gammarid species. We compared intraspecific populations protected human‐altered habitats determine their tolerance salinity, temperature partial pressure CO 2 water (pCO ) regimes. Populations typically outperformed habitat populations, individuals most being robust. propose adapting life disturbed environments—this concurrently promotes more resilient rescue but potentially confers increased invasion risk non‐native

Language: Английский

---

Adaptive Responses of Marine Gastropods to Heatwaves

One Earth, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 1(3), P. 374 - 381

Published: Nov. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

---

Contrasting responsiveness of four ecologically and economically important bivalves to simulated heat waves

Marine Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 105229 - 105229

Published: Dec. 4, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Global climate change and the Baltic Sea ecosystem: direct and indirect effects on species, communities and ecosystem functioning

Earth System Dynamics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 711 - 747

Published: April 11, 2022

Abstract. Climate change has multiple effects on Baltic Sea species, communities and ecosystem functioning through changes in physical biogeochemical environmental characteristics of the sea. Associated indirect secondary species interactions, trophic dynamics function are expected to be significant. We review studies investigating species-, population- ecosystem-level abiotic factors that may due global climate change, such as temperature, salinity, oxygen, pH, nutrient levels, more food web processes, primarily based peer-reviewed literature published since 2010. For phytoplankton, clear symptoms prolongation growing season, evident can explained by warming, but otherwise vary from area area. Several modelling project a decrease phytoplankton bloom spring an increase cyanobacteria blooms summer. The associated N:P ratio contribute maintaining “vicious circle eutrophication”. However, uncertainties remain because some field claim have not increased experimental show responses salinity pH species. An riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM) also primary production, relative importance this process different sea areas is well known. Bacteria growth favoured increasing temperature DOM, complex microbial probable. Warming seawater speeds up zooplankton shortens time lag between peaks, which lead decreasing spring. In summer, shift towards smaller-sized decline marine copepod been projected. deep benthic communities, continued eutrophication promotes high sedimentation maintains good conditions for zoobenthos. If abatement proceeds, improving oxygen will first zoobenthos biomass, subsequent sedimenting disrupt pelagic–benthic coupling decreased biomass. shallower photic systems, heatwaves produce eutrophication-like effects, e.g. overgrowth bladderwrack epiphytes, cascade. declines, bladderwrack, eelgrass blue mussel decline. Freshwater vascular plants they cannot replace macroalgae rocky substrates. Consequently invertebrates fish benefiting macroalgal belts suffer. Climate-induced environment favour establishment non-indigenous potentially affecting Sea. As fish, continuing hypoxia projected keep cod stocks low, whereas sprat certain coastal fish. Regime shifts cascading observed both pelagic systems result several climatic acting synergistically. Knowledge gaps include projecting future level, stratification potential rate internal loading, under forcings. This weakens our ability how productivity, populations future. 3D models, models 2D distribution would benefit integration, progress slowed down scale problems inability consider interactions Experimental work should better integrated into empirical get comprehensive view bacteria addition, understand biodiversity Sea, emphasis placed shallow environments. fate depend various intertwined development society. probably delay tend its “novel” state. conclude reductions stronger driver than change. Such highlight studying interlinked socio-ecological system.

Language: Английский

---

Marine Heatwaves in the Chesapeake Bay

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Prolonged events of anomalously warm sea water temperature, or marine heatwaves (MHWs), have major detrimental effects to ecosystems and the world's economy. While frequency, duration intensity MHWs been observed increase in global oceans, little is known about their potential occurrence variability estuarine systems due limited data these environments. In present study we analyzed a novel set with over three decades continuous situ temperature records investigate largest most productive estuary US: Chesapeake Bay. occurred on average twice per year lasted 11 days, resulting 22 MHW days bay. Average intensities were 3°C, maximum peaks varying between 6 8°C, yearly cumulative 72°C × average. Large co-occurrence was different regions bay (50–65%), also Bay Mid-Atlantic Bight (40–50%). These large co-occurrences, relatively short lags (2–5 days), suggest that coherent large-scale air-sea heat flux dominant driver this region. linked climate modes variability: enhancement Upper associated positive phase Niño 1+2, while suppression both Mid Lower negative phases North Atlantic Oscillation, respectively. Finally, as result long-term warming Bay, significant trends detected for intensity. If persist, by end century will reach semi-permanent state, when extreme temperatures be half year, thus could devastating impacts ecosystem, exacerbating eutrophication, increasing severity hypoxic events, killing benthic communities, causing shifts species composition decline important commercial fishery species. Improving our basic understanding necessary future predictability guide management decisions valuable

Language: Английский

---

Impacts of Marine Heatwaves on Subsurface Temperatures and Dissolved Oxygen in the Chesapeake Bay

Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 129(3)

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Abstract Subsurface impacts associated with Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) in estuaries are not well understood, largely due to data scarcity. Using over three decades (1986–2021) of observations from several monitoring programs, this study investigates subsurface temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) anomalies surface MHWs the Chesapeake Bay (CB). Seasonal variability followed a simple 1‐D response heating downward heat transport diffusion controlled by seasonally variable stratification mixing. Two distinct regimes were found: thermally stratified spring‐summer regime, when positive confined mixed layer (SML); homogeneous fall‐winter regime. Additionally, (subsurface) temperatures elevated for months (days weeks) before after MHWs, indicating individual events shorter than timescales temperatures. A SML budget identified air‐estuary flux changes as leading driver MHW onsets declines, latent being dominant term. DO anomaly patterns more complex, considerable along‐channel gradients. Notable decreases (1–4 mg L −1 ) primarily occurred winter/spring below SML, hypoxic zone expanded spring through fall. Only small fraction these could be attributed temperature‐induced solubility changes, demonstrating that other physical and/or biogeochemical processes dominate during events. In CB, concurrent low persistent high compound on valuable ecosystem, event likely exacerbated climate change.

Language: Английский

---