High-impact marine heatwaves attributable to human-induced global warming

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 369(6511), P. 1621 - 1625

Published: Sept. 25, 2020

The heat is on Anthropogenic climate change causing not only more episodes of historically high air temperatures but also frequent spells unusually increased ocean temperatures. Marine heatwaves, defined as periods anomalously regional surface temperatures, have become common in recent decades. Laufkötter et al. show that the frequency these events has already than 20-fold because anthropogenic global warming, making marine which typically occurred once hundreds to thousands years preindustrial times, likely occur an annual decadal basis if average temperature rises by 3°C. Science , this issue p. 1621

Language: Английский

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Survive a Warming Climate: Insect Responses to Extreme High Temperatures

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 66(1), P. 163 - 184

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Global change includes a substantial increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme high temperatures (EHTs), which influence insects at almost all levels. The number studies showing ecological importance EHTs has risen recent years, but knowledge is rather dispersed contemporary literature. In this article, we review biological effects actually experienced field, i.e., when coupled to fluctuating thermal regimes. First, characterize field. Then, summarize impacts on various levels processes allowing buffer EHTs. Finally, argue that mechanisms leading positive or negative can only be resolved from integrative approaches considering natural Thermal extremes, perhaps more than gradual mean temperature, drive insect responses climate change, with crucial pest management biodiversity conservation.

Language: Английский

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Biogeochemical extremes and compound events in the ocean

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 600(7889), P. 395 - 407

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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The 2021 western North America heat wave among the most extreme events ever recorded globally

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(18)

Published: May 4, 2022

In June 2021, western North America experienced a record-breaking heat wave outside the distribution of previously observed temperatures. While it is clear that event was extreme, not obvious whether other areas in world have also events so far their natural variability. Using novel assessment extremes, we investigate how extreme this global context. Characterizing relative intensity an as number standard deviations from mean, remarkable, coming at over four deviations. Throughout globe, where reliable data, only five waves were found to be more since 1960. We find both reanalyses and climate projections, statistical extremes increases through time, line with mean shift due change. Regions that, by chance, had recent may less prepared for potentially imminent events.

Language: Английский

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The cellular stress response and temperature: Function, regulation, and evolution

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 333(6), P. 379 - 397

Published: Jan. 16, 2020

Abstract The cellular stress response (CSR) is critical for enabling organisms to cope with thermal damage proteins, nucleic acids, and membranes. It a graded whose properties vary the degree of damage. Molecular has positive, as well negative, function‐perturbing effects. Positive effects include crucial regulatory interactions that orchestrate involvement different components CSR. Thermally unfolded proteins signal rapid initiation transcription genes encoding heat shock (HSPs), central elements (HSR). Thermal disruption messenger RNA (mRNA) secondary structures in untranslated regions leads culling mRNA pool: thermally labile mRNAs housekeeping are degraded by exonucleases; heat‐resistant like HSPs then can monopolize translational apparatus. Thus, function “cellular thermometers,” evolved differences their stabilities enable CSR whenever cell temperature rises significantly above normal range species. Covalent DNA damage, which may result from increased production reactive oxygen species, temperature‐dependent; its extent determine survival. High levels exceed capacities molecular repair lead proteolysis, inhibition division, programmed death (apoptosis). Onset these processes occur later period, after HSR, allow opportunity restore protein homeostasis. Delay energy costly also shortfalls availability adenosine triphosphate reducing power during times peak stress.

Language: Английский

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Radical Response: Effects of Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress on Lipid Metabolism in the Avian Liver

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 35 - 35

Published: Dec. 30, 2020

Lipid metabolism in avian species places unique demands on the liver comparison to most mammals. The synthesizes vast majority of fatty acids that provide energy and support cell membrane synthesis throughout bird. Egg production intensifies as hepatic lipids are needed create yolk. enzymatic reactions underlie de novo lipogenesis energetically demanding require a precise balance vitamins cofactors proceed efficiently. External stressors such overnutrition or nutrient deficiency can disrupt this compromise liver’s ability metabolic needs. Heat stress is an increasingly prevalent environmental factor impairs lipid liver. effects heat stress-induced oxidative particular concern modern commercial chickens due threat global poultry production. Chickens highly vulnerable because their limited capacity dissipate heat, high activity, internal body temperature, narrow zone thermal tolerance. Modern lines both broiler (meat-type) layer (egg-type) especially sensitive rates mitochondrial metabolism. While supports growth egg production, it also yields damage mitochondria, cellular membranes proteins, making birds more other environment. Studies date indicate interact performance well-being broilers layers. purpose review summarize impact Recent advances shed light molecular mechanisms potential nutritional/managerial strategies counteract negative integrated.

Language: Английский

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Heatwave-induced human health risk assessment in megacities based on heat stress-social vulnerability-human exposure framework

Landscape and Urban Planning, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 203, P. 103907 - 103907

Published: Aug. 3, 2020

Language: Английский

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Heat stress on agricultural workers exacerbates crop impacts of climate change

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 044020 - 044020

Published: March 3, 2021

Abstract The direct impacts of climate change on crop yields and human health are individually well-studied, but the interaction between two have received little attention. Here we analyze consequences global warming for agricultural workers crops they cultivate using a economic model (GTAP) with explicit treatment physiological heat stress humans’ ability to work. Based metrics labor functions, combined meta-analysis yields, provide an analysis climate, both force, as well staple thereby accounting interacting effect land labor. sets crops, while also expanding highlight potential importance non-staple crops. We find, worldwide, yield within grains equally important at +3 ∘ C warming, relative 1986–2005 baseline. Furthermore, widely overlooked dominant in most vulnerable regions: sub-Saharan Africa Southeast Asia. In those regions, 3 could reduce capacity agriculture by 30%–50%, increasing food prices requiring much higher levels employment farm sector. welfare loss this level reach $136 billion, rising 5%,

Language: Английский

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A Review of Recent Progress of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in China

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 1169 - 1169

Published: Jan. 15, 2023

The continuous temperature rise has raised global concerns about CO2 emissions. As the country with largest emissions, China is facing challenge of achieving large emission reductions (or even net-zero emissions) in a short period. With strong support and encouragement Chinese government, technological breakthroughs practical applications carbon capture, utilization, storage (CCUS) are being aggressively pursued, some outstanding accomplishments have been realized. Based on numerous information from wide variety sources including publications news reports only available Chinese, this paper highlights latest CCUS progress after 2019 by providing an overview known technologies typical projects, aiming to provide theoretical guidance for emissions future.

Language: Английский

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Abrupt expansion of climate change risks for species globally

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(7), P. 1060 - 1071

Published: May 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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