How do we overcome abrupt degradation of marine ecosystems and meet the challenge of heat waves and climate extremes?

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 343 - 354

Published: Dec. 24, 2019

Abstract Extreme heat wave events are now causing ecosystem degradation across marine ecosystems. The consequences of this heat‐induced damage range from the rapid loss habitat‐forming organisms, through to a reduction in services that ecosystems support, and ultimately impacts on human health society. How we tackle sudden emergence ecosystem‐wide has not yet been addressed context waves. An examination recent waves around Australia points potential important role respite or refuge environmental extremes can play enabling organismal survival. However, most ecological interventions being devised with target mid late‐century implementation, at which time many ecosystems, targeted towards, will have already undergone repeated widespread induced degradation. Here, our assessment merits proposed interventions, spectrum approaches, counter extremes, reveals lack preparedness effects extreme conditions influence these projected continue impact coming years, long before be developed. Our approaches technologically ready likely socially acceptable locally deployable only, whereas those scalable—for example features as large major reef systems—are close testable, unlikely obtain social licence for deployment. Knowledge timescales survival via refuge, inferred field observations help test such intervention tools. growing frequency increases urgency consider mitigation tools support immediate future, while global climate and/or formulated.

Language: Английский

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A new mesocosm system to study the effects of environmental variability on marine species and communities

Limnology and Oceanography Methods, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 145 - 162

Published: Feb. 1, 2019

Abstract Climate change will shift mean environmental conditions and also increase the frequency intensity of extreme events, exerting additional stress on ecosystems. While field observations extremes are emerging, experimental evidence their biological consequences is rare. Here, we introduce a mesocosm system that was developed to study effects variability multiple drivers (temperature, salinity, pH, light) single species communities at various temporal scales (diurnal ‐ seasonal): Kiel Indoor Benthocosms (KIBs). Both, real‐time offsets from measurements or dynamic regimes scenarios, can be implemented, including sinusoidal curve functions any chosen amplitude frequency, stochastic matching in situ dynamics previous years modeled events. With temperature as driver focus, highlight strengths discuss limitations system. In addition, examined different fluctuation frequencies mytilid mussel performance. High‐frequency fluctuations around warming (+2°C warming, ± 2°C fluctuations, wavelength = 1.5 d) increased growth did constant 2°C. Fluctuations lower (+2 2°C, 4.5 d), however, reduced mussels’ growth. This shows importantly associated characteristics (such frequency), mediate strength global impacts key marine species. The here presented help overcome major short‐coming ecology provide more robust data for prediction shifts ecosystem structure services changing fluctuating world.

Language: Английский

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Marine Microbial Food Web Networks During Phytoplankton Bloom and Non-bloom Periods: Warming Favors Smaller Organism Interactions and Intensifies Trophic Cascade

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 23, 2020

Microbial food web organisms are at the base of functioning pelagic ecosystems and support whole marine web. They very reactive to environmental changes their interactions modified in response different productive periods such as phytoplankton bloom non-bloom well contrasted climatic years. To study ecological associations, identify potential between microorganisms structure microbial coastal waters, a weekly monitoring was carried out Thau Lagoon on French Mediterranean coast. The lasted from winter late spring during two contrasting years, typical (2015) year with an extreme warm (2016). Correlation networks comprising 110 groups/taxa/species were constructed characterize possible periods. Complex correlation dominated by negative intraguild correlations positive bacteria. Such pattern can be interpreted dominance competition mutualism. In contrast, period less complex mostly tintinnids associations bacteria referring feeding bacteria, which suggests shift biomass transfer phytoplankton-dominated webs more bacterioplankton-based non-bloom. Inter-annual conditions significantly webs. warmer favored relationships among smaller group/taxa/species expense large ciliates, possibly due intensification trophic cascade energy circulation through Our compares another mimicking prospected global warming; if consideration holds true, future will shifted highly herbivorous

Language: Английский

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Benthic-based contributions to climate change mitigation and adaptation

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 375(1794), P. 20190107 - 20190107

Published: Jan. 27, 2020

Innovative solutions to improve the condition and resilience of ecosystems are needed address societal challenges pave way towards a climate-resilient future. Nature-based offer potential protect, sustainably manage restore natural or modified while providing multiple other benefits for health, economy, society environment. However, implementation nature-based stems from discourse that is almost exclusively derived terrestrial urban context assumes risk reduction resolved locally. We argue this position ignores importance complex ecological interactions across range temporal spatial scales misses substantive contribution marine ecosystems, which notably absent most climate mitigation adaptation strategies extend beyond coastal disaster management. Here, we consider sediment-dwelling fauna flora inform support solutions, how ecology benthic environments can enhance plans. illustrate our thesis with examples practice generating, have deliver, transformative change discuss where further innovation might be applied. Finally, take reflective look at realized capacity benthic-based contribute plans perspectives on suitability shortcomings past achievements prospective rewards sensible prioritization future research. This article part theme issue ‘Climate ecosystems: threats, opportunities solutions'.

Language: Английский

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The effect of summer drought on the predictability of local extinctions in a butterfly metapopulation

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 34(6), P. 1503 - 1511

Published: April 16, 2020

The ecological impacts of extreme climatic events on population dynamics and community composition are profound predominantly negative. Using extensive data an model system, we tested whether predictions from models remain robust when environmental conditions outside the bounds observation. We observed a 10-fold demographic decline Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) metapopulation Åland islands, Finland in summer 2018 used satellite to demonstrate that this year was anomaly with low water balance values vegetation productivity indices across Åland. Population growth rates were strongly associated spatiotemporal variation balance. Covariates shown previously affect extinction probability local populations less informative exposed severe drought during months. Our results highlight unpredictable responses natural events.El Efecto de la Sequía Estival sobre Previsibilidad las Extinciones Locales en una Metapoblación Mariposas Resumen Los impactos ecológicos los eventos climáticos extremos dinámicas metapoblacionales y composición comunidad son profundos predominantemente negativos. Con extensos datos un sistema modelos probamos si predicciones todavía sólidos cuando condiciones ambientales se encuentran fuera límites observación. Observamos declinación demográfica ocurrir diez veces metapoblación mariposa Melitaea cinxia Islas Aland Finlandia durante el verano 2018. Usamos satelitales para demostrar que ese año fue anomalía al contar con valores bajos hídrico e índices productividad vegetación todas islas. Las tasas crecimiento poblacional estuvieron fuertemente asociadas variación espaciotemporal del climático. covarianzas previamente han afectado probabilidad extinción poblaciones locales esta fueron menos informativas expuestas sequías severas meses verano. Nuestros resultados resaltan respuestas impredecibles naturales ante extremos.极端气候事件会对种群动态和群落组成产生深远的生态影响, 且主要为负面影响。本研究利用生态模型系统的大量数据, 测试了在环境条件超出观测范围时, 生态模型的预测结果是否仍然稳健。我们观测到在 年夏天, 芬兰奥兰群岛的庆网蛱蝶 集合种群的种群数量下降了十倍, 同时气候和卫星数据表明奥兰群岛当年出现了气候异常, 气候水平衡值和植被生产力指数都很低。种群增长率与气候水平衡的时空变化密切相关。当种群面临夏季严重干旱时, 之前研究发现在这个集合种群中会影响当地种群灭绝概率的协变量不再能提供丰富信息。我们的研究结果强调了自然种群会对极端气候事件产生不可预测的响应。 【翻译: 胡怡思; 审校: 聂永刚】.

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Extreme heatwave drives topography‐dependent patterns of mortality in a bed‐forming intertidal barnacle, with implications for associated community structure

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 165 - 178

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Abstract Heatwave frequency and intensity will increase as climate change progresses. Intertidal sessile invertebrates, which often form thermally benign microhabitats for associated species, are vulnerable to thermal stress because they have minimal ability behaviourally thermoregulate. Understanding what factors influence the mortality of biogenic species how heatwaves might impact their provide habitat is critical. Here, we characterize community with thatched barnacle, Semibalanus cariosus (Pallass, 1788), in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Then, investigate site‐level plot‐level environmental explained variations barnacle resulting from an unprecedented regional heatwave BC, Furthermore, used a manipulative shading experiment deployed prior examine effect on survival recruitment barnacle‐associated community. We identified 50 taxa inhabiting S. beds, composition between sites. Site‐scale variables algal canopy cover did not predict mortality, but patch‐scale variation substratum orientation did, more direct solar irradiance corresponding higher mortality. The demonstrated that survival, recruitment, invertebrate diversity were under shades where temperatures lower. Associated also differed shaded non‐shaded plots, suggesting was able fully buffer acute its While provisioning by intertidal foundation important source biodiversity, these alone may be enough prevent substantial shifts following extreme heatwaves. As become frequent severe, further reduce via loss habitat, spatial impacts substantial.

Language: Английский

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Environmental variability in aquatic ecosystems: Avenues for future multifactorial experiments

Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 247 - 266

Published: Oct. 22, 2022

Abstract The relevance of considering environmental variability for understanding and predicting biological responses to changes has resulted in a recent surge variability‐focused ecological research. However, integration findings that emerge across studies identification remaining knowledge gaps aquatic ecosystems remain critical. Here, we address these aspects by: (1) summarizing relevant terms research including the components (characteristics) key interactions when multiple factors; (2) identifying conceptual frameworks consequences single multifactorial scenarios; (3) highlighting challenges bridging theoretical experimental involving transitioning from simple more complex (4) proposing improved approaches overcome current mismatches between predictions observations; (5) providing guide designing integrated experiments scales, degrees control, complexity light their specific strengths limitations.

Language: Английский

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Heat sensitivity of first host and cercariae may restrict parasite transmission in a warming sea

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2022

Abstract To predict global warming impacts on parasitism, we should describe the thermal tolerance of all players in host–parasite systems. Complex life-cycle parasites such as trematodes are particular interest since they can drive complex ecological changes. This study evaluates net response to temperature infective larval stage Himasthla elongata , a parasite inhabiting southwestern Baltic Sea. The sensitivity (i) infected and uninfected first intermediate host ( Littorina littorea ) (ii) cercarial emergence, survival, self-propelling, encystment, infection capacity second Mytilus edulis sensu lato) were examined. We found that by trematode rendered gastropod more susceptible elevated temperatures representing warm summer events region. At 22 °C, emergence infectivity at their optimum while survival was shortened, narrowing time window for successful mussel infection. Faster out-of-host encystment occurred increasing temperatures. After correcting temperature-specific induces adverse effects transmission bivalve host. findings suggest cercariae mortality, tradeoff infectivity, will hamper possibility flourish ocean.

Language: Английский

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Marine heatwaves as drivers of biological and ecological change: implications of current research patterns and future opportunities

Marine Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 171(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Abstract As humans accelerate global environmental change, extreme climatic events are increasing in frequency, duration, and intensity. In marine environments, of particular concern heatwaves (MHWs). Previous reviews synthesising subsets field-based research examining the ecological effects these short-term warming have found they could drive important changes to ecosystems. Here, we reviewed traits published literature that has used field, laboratory, modelling approaches examine biotic MHWs, highlight some key findings. Since its first use this context 2013, term “marine heatwave” generally been primarily documenting abundance, biodiversity, species distributions, mortality, fish molluscs. Research is increasingly also conducted laboratory settings, with investigations focussing on mechanistic processes such as growth biochemical responses, often smaller or less motile organisms including seagrasses, algae, molluscs, crustaceans. Given their different applications, complementary will provide a more complete understanding when consider same taxonomic groups. Moreover, those manipulating MHWs experiments benefit from consideration range MHW (intensity, combination), for both isolation combination, presence additional abiotic stressors. such, where future into varied treatment contribute holistic biological our ocean.

Language: Английский

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Uptake and cellular responses of Microcystis aeruginosa to PFOS in various environmental conditions

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 272, P. 116041 - 116041

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Although PFOS has been banned as a persistent organic pollutant, it still exists in large quantities within the environment, thus impacting health of aquatic ecosystems. Previous studies focused solely on high concentrations, disregarding connection with environmental factors. To gain more comprehensive understanding effects ecosystems amidst changing conditions, this study investigated cellular responses Microcystis aeruginosa to varying concentrations under heatwave and nutrient stress conditions. The results showed that exceeding 5.0 µg/L had obvious multiple physiological M. aeruginosa, resulting suppression algal cell growth induction oxidative damage. However, concentration at levels below 20.0 found enhance cells trigger significant damage Heatwave conditions could uptake cells, potentially leading heightened when was equal or less than µg/L. Conversely, deficiency limitation nitrogen phosphorus significantly decreased abundance chlorophyll content, inducing severe be mitigated by exposure PFOS. This holds significance managing impact across diverse

Language: Английский

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