Changes in plant inputs alter soil carbon and microbial communities in forest ecosystems

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(10), P. 3426 - 3440

Published: Jan. 29, 2022

Global changes can alter plant inputs from both above- and belowground, which, thus, may differently affect soil carbon microbial communities. However, the general patterns of how input them in forests remain unclear. By conducting a meta-analysis 3193 observations 166 experiments worldwide, we found that alterations aboveground litter and/or root had profound effects on communities forest ecosystems. Litter addition stimulated organic (SOC) pools biomass, whereas removal litter, roots or (no inputs) decreased them. The increased SOC under suggested benefit sequestration despite accelerated decomposition. Unlike removal, no altered particulate carbon, all detrital treatments did not significantly change mineral-associated carbon. In addition, contrastingly community, with shifting it toward fungi, bacteria. Furthermore, responses biomass to positively correlated rate total input, suggesting quantity is critical controller belowground processes. Taken together, these findings provide insights into understanding productivity allocation affects cycling, functioning ecosystems global changes. Future studies take full advantage existing detritus should focus relative roles forming its fractions.

Language: Английский

---

Fast-decaying plant litter enhances soil carbon in temperate forests but not through microbial physiological traits

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 9, 2022

Abstract Conceptual and empirical advances in soil biogeochemistry have challenged long-held assumptions about the role of micro-organisms organic carbon (SOC) dynamics; yet, rigorous tests emerging concepts remain sparse. Recent hypotheses suggest that microbial necromass production links plant inputs to SOC accumulation, with high-quality (i.e., rapidly decomposing) litter promoting use efficiency, growth, turnover leading more mineral stabilization necromass. We test this hypothesis experimentally observations across six eastern US forests, using stable isotopes measure traits dynamics. Here we show, both studies, are negatively (not positively) related mineral-associated SOC. In experiment, stimulation growth by enhances decomposition, offsetting positive effect quality on stabilization. is not primary driver persistence temperate forests. Factors such as origin, alternative formation pathways, priming effects, abiotic properties can strongly decouple from

Language: Английский

---

Global distribution, formation and fate of mineral‐associated soil organic matter under a changing climate: A trait‐based perspective

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(6), P. 1411 - 1429

Published: March 7, 2022

Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) is the largest actively cycling reservoir of terrestrial carbon (C), and majority SOM in Earth's mineral soils (~65%) mineral‐associated (MAOM). Thus, formation fate MAOM can exert substantial influence on global C cycle. To predict future changes to climate, it critical mechanistically understand processes by which formed decomposed, accurately represent this process‐based understanding biogeochemical Earth system models. In review, we use a trait‐based framework synthesize interacting roles plants, soil micro‐organisms, matrix regulating decomposition. Our proposed differentiates between plant microbial traits that total OM inputs (‘feedstock traits’) versus proportion are ultimately incorporated into (‘MAOM traits’). We discuss how these feedstock may be altered warming, precipitation elevated dioxide. At planetary scale, help shape distribution across biomes, modulate biome‐specific responses climate change. leverage synthesis measurements provide estimates amount MAOM‐C globally (~840–1540 Pg C; 34%–51% C), its biomes. show concentration highest temperate forests grasslands, lowest shrublands savannas. Grasslands croplands have (SOC) fraction (i.e. MAOM‐C:SOC ratio), while boreal tundra ratio. Drawing our trait framework, then review experimental data posit effects change pools different conclude discussing integrated models, included also summarize projected under scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 8.5) key model uncertainties. Read free Plain Language Summary for article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

---

Clarifying the evidence for microbial‐ and plant‐derived soil organic matter, and the path toward a more quantitative understanding

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(24), P. 7167 - 7185

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

Predicting and mitigating changes in soil carbon (C) stocks under global change requires a coherent understanding of the factors regulating organic matter (SOM) formation persistence, including knowledge direct sources SOM (plants vs. microbes). In recent years, conceptual models have emphasized primacy microbial-derived inputs, proposing that microbial physiological traits (e.g., growth efficiency) are dominant controls on quantity. However, quantitative studies challenged this view, suggesting plants make larger contributions to than is currently recognized by paradigm. review, we attempt reconcile these perspectives highlighting variation across estimates plant- versus may arise part from methodological limitations. We show all major methods used estimate plant substantial shortcomings, uncertainty our current estimates. demonstrate there significant overlap chemical signatures compounds produced microbes, roots, through extracellular decomposition litter, which introduces into use common biomarkers for parsing SOM, especially mineral-associated (MAOM) fraction. Although review contributed deeper limitations with constrain light advances, suggest now critical time re-evaluate long-standing methods, clearly define their limitations, develop strategic plan improving quantification SOM. From synthesis, outline key questions challenges future research mechanisms stabilization pathways.

Language: Английский

---

Management of cover crops in temperate climates influences soil organic carbon stocks: a meta‐analysis

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(3)

Published: Dec. 20, 2020

Increasing the quantity and quality of plant biomass production in space time can improve capacity agroecosystems to capture store atmospheric carbon (C) soil. Cover cropping is a key practice increase system net primary productivity (NPP) high-quality residues available for integration into soil organic matter (SOM). crop management local environmental conditions, however, influence magnitude C stock change. Here, we used comprehensive meta-analysis approach quantify effect cover crops on stocks from 0-30 cm depth temperate climates identify ecological factors that impact variation this response. A total 40 publications with 181 observations were included representing six countries across three different continents. Overall, had strong positive (P < 0.0001) leading 12% increase, averaging 1.11 Mg C/ha more relative no control. The strongest predictors SOC response planting termination date (i.e., growing window), annual production, clay content. planted as continuous or autumn terminated led 20-30% greater other windows. Likewise, high (>7 Mg·ha-1 ·yr-1 ) resulted 30% higher than lower levels production. Managing NPP by improving synchronization windows climate will enhance drawdown dioxide (CO2 atmosphere agroecosystems. window (potentially proxy growth), climate, decision-support tools are relevant quantification change under crops, particularly expansion terrestrial markets.

Language: Английский

---

Plant phosphorus-acquisition and -use strategies affect soil carbon cycling

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(10), P. 899 - 906

Published: July 7, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Evidence for large microbial-mediated losses of soil carbon under anthropogenic warming

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(7), P. 507 - 517

Published: June 15, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Nutrient addition reduces carbon sequestration in a Tibetan grassland soil: Disentangling microbial and physical controls

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 144, P. 107764 - 107764

Published: Feb. 25, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Microbial necromass on the rise: The growing focus on its role in soil organic matter development

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 150, P. 108000 - 108000

Published: Sept. 4, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Grassland Management Affects Delivery of Regulating and Supporting Ecosystem Services

Crop Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 59(2), P. 441 - 459

Published: Feb. 21, 2019

Ecosystem services (ES) are the direct and indirect contributions of ecosystems to human well‐being. Grassland cover >40% Earth's ice‐free terrestrial surface, grassland management affects ES provided. Our objective was synthesize existing literature assessing effects on regulating supporting provided by grasslands, explore related mechanisms, determine which practices favor delivery. Current supports following conclusions. Increasing intensity grasslands through planting more productive species or increasing fertilizer inputs generally increases soil organic C (SOC) accumulation. number plant functional groups, especially when legumes added, often SOC Grazed accumulate rapidly than undefoliated grasslands. Low moderate stocking rates accumulation relative high rates, in lower‐rainfall environments. Short‐term observed after conversion cropland perennial do not continue indefinitely. More digestible forages defoliated at optimal maturity may decrease CH 4 emitted per unit feed consumed animal product. Substituting for N reducing livestock excretion diet manipulation reduce 2 O emissions. Managing grazing increase uniformity excreta deposition efficiency nutrient cycling. Species‐rich with flower‐rich forbs foraging opportunities pollinators. Finally, optimize delivery ES, that sustain ecosystem function likely need replace those maximize short‐term resource utilization economic return. To encourage adoption, such be incentivized.

Language: Английский

---