Climatic and soil factors explain the two-dimensional spectrum of global plant trait variation

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 36 - 50

Published: Dec. 23, 2021

Abstract Plant functional traits can predict community assembly and ecosystem functioning are thus widely used in global models of vegetation dynamics land–climate feedbacks. Still, we lack a understanding how land climate affect plant traits. A previous analysis six observed two main axes variation: (1) size variation at the organ level (2) leaf economics balancing persistence against growth potential. The orthogonality these suggests they differently influenced by environmental drivers. We find that persist dataset 17 across more than 20,000 species. dominant joint effect soil on trait variation. Additional independent effects also most traits, whereas almost exclusively for Variation correlates well with latitudinal gradient related to water or energy limitation. In contrast, is better explained interactions fertility. These findings have potential improve our biodiversity patterns predictions change impacts biogeochemical cycles.

Language: Английский

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Effect of allelopathy on plant performance: a meta‐analysis

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 348 - 362

Published: Oct. 21, 2020

Allelopathy (i.e. chemical interactions between plants) is known to affect individual performance, community structure and plant invasions. Yet, a quantitative synthesis lacking. Here, we performed meta-analysis of 384 studies that measured allelopathic effects one species (allelopathy plant) on another or itself (test plant). Overall, allelopathy reduced performance by 25%, but the variation in was high. The type method affected effect: compared leachates, more negative when residues plants were applied, less soil conditioned applied. diminished with study duration, increased concentrations leachates residues. Although not significantly related lifespan, life form domestication interacting plants, it became increasing phylogenetic distance. Moreover, native suffered from naturalised alien than other plants. Our reveals could contribute success relationship distance indicates might coexistence closely convergence) dominance single species.

Language: Английский

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Global maps of soil temperature

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(9), P. 3110 - 3144

Published: Dec. 30, 2021

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide maps soil bioclimatic variables a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 5-15 cm depth. were created by calculating difference (i.e. offset) between situ measurements, based time series over 1200 pixels (summarized 8519 unique sensors) across all world's major biomes, coarse-grained ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis European Centre Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual differs markedly corresponding gridded temperature, up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation biomes seasons. Over year, soils cold and/or dry are substantially warmer (+3.6 2.3°C) than whereas warm humid environments average slightly cooler (-0.7 2.3°C). The observed biome-specific offsets emphasize projected impacts climate near-surface biodiversity functioning inaccurately assessed when rather is used, especially environments. soil-related provided here an important step forward any application related disciplines. Nevertheless, highlight need fill remaining geographic gaps collecting more measurements microclimate further enhance spatiotemporal products ecological applications.

Language: Английский

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Functional traits and ecosystem services in ecological restoration

Restoration Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 28(6), P. 1372 - 1383

Published: Sept. 4, 2020

The application of a functional trait‐based approach to ecological restoration is receiving growing attention worldwide, but lack knowledge on traits and how they link ecosystem services imposes major barrier operationalize such approach. Synthesizing the existing thus timely important challenge. We systematically reviewed literature assess are associated across organisms, types, continents. also assessed frameworks target in ecology. Then, we discussed future perspectives for field, especially challenges applying megadiverse tropical ecosystems, which have ambitious commitments. Most papers focused plants (72%), terrestrial habitats (69%), non‐tropical ecosystems (68%) monitored after started rather than using them as previous targets. Only 12% targeted both priori , 3.8% presented clear framework restoration. possibility selecting alternative subsets complementary species their provisioning should make more feasible traditional approaches species‐rich ecosystems. With this review our critical insights widely, hope assist broad‐scale programs obtain higher levels benefits nature human well‐being per unit area undergoing restoration, going beyond area‐based that has dominated

Language: Английский

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SoilTemp: A global database of near‐surface temperature

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(11), P. 6616 - 6629

Published: April 20, 2020

Abstract Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This represents long‐term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate‐forcing factors that operate fine spatiotemporal are overlooked. is particularly important relation to effects observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow soil characteristics) habitats varying their exposure radiation, moisture wind topography, radiative forcing or cold‐air pooling). Since organisms living close the ground relate more strongly these microclimatic than free‐air temperatures, near‐surface needed provide realistic forecasts fate such under anthropogenic change, as well functioning ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions SoilTemp, geospatial database initiative compiling all over world. Currently, contains 7,538 sensors 51 countries across key biomes. The will pave way toward an improved global understanding microclimate bridge gap between available relevant ecosystem processes.

Language: Английский

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Integrating remote sensing with ecology and evolution to advance biodiversity conservation

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(5), P. 506 - 519

Published: March 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Plant Trait Networks: Improved Resolution of the Dimensionality of Adaptation

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 35(10), P. 908 - 918

Published: June 25, 2020

Functional traits are frequently used to evaluate plant adaptation across environments. Yet, tend have multiple functions and interactions, which cannot be accounted for in traditional correlation analyses. Plant trait networks (PTNs) clarify complex relationships among traits, enable the calculation of metrics topology coordination importance given PTNs, how they shift communities. Recent studies PTNs provide new insights into some important topics, including dimensionality, spectra (including leaf economic spectrum), stoichiometric principles, variation phenotypic integration along gradients resource availability. improved resolution dimensions scales responses shifting resources, disturbance regimes, global change.

Language: Английский

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The effects of defaunation on plants’ capacity to track climate change

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 375(6577), P. 210 - 214

Published: Jan. 14, 2022

Seed dispersal in decline Most plant species depend on animals to disperse their seeds, but this vital function is threatened by the declines animal populations, limiting potential for plants adapt climate change shifting ranges. Using data from more than 400 networks of seed interactions, Fricke et al . quantified changes disposal brought about globally defaunation. Their analyses indicate that past defaunation has severely reduced long-distance dispersal, cutting half number seeds dispersed far enough track change. In addition, approach enables prediction interactions using traits and an estimation how these translate into ecosystem functioning, thus informing ecological forecasting consequences declines. —AMS

Language: Английский

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Drivers of seedling establishment success in dryland restoration efforts

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(9), P. 1283 - 1290

Published: July 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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Erosion of global functional diversity across the tree of life

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(13)

Published: March 26, 2021

Among plants and vertebrates, extinction risk is universally higher for the largest species with slower paces of life.

Language: Английский

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