Building consensus around the assessment and interpretation of Symbiodiniaceae diversity

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. e15023 - e15023

Published: May 2, 2023

Within microeukaryotes, genetic variation and functional sometimes accumulate more quickly than morphological differences. To understand the evolutionary history ecology of such lineages, it is key to examine diversity at multiple levels organization. In dinoflagellate family Symbiodiniaceae, which can form endosymbioses with cnidarians ( e.g ., corals, octocorals, sea anemones, jellyfish), other marine invertebrates e.g. , sponges, molluscs, flatworms), protists foraminifera), molecular data have been used extensively over past three decades describe phenotypes make ecological inferences. Despite advances in Symbiodiniaceae genomics, a lack consensus among researchers respect interpreting has slowed progress field acted as barrier reconciling observations. Here, we identify challenges regarding assessment interpretation across levels: species, populations, communities. We summarize areas agreement highlight techniques approaches that are broadly accepted. where debate remains, unresolved issues discuss technologies help fill knowledge gaps related phenotypic diversity. also ways stimulate progress, particular by fostering inclusive collaborative research community. hope this perspective will inspire accelerate coral reef science serving resource those designing experiments, publishing research, applying for funding their symbiotic partnerships.

Language: Английский

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Stony coral tissue loss disease induces transcriptional signatures of in situ degradation of dysfunctional Symbiodiniaceae

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 22, 2023

Abstract Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD), one of the most pervasive and virulent diseases on record, affects over 22 species reef-building is decimating reefs throughout Caribbean. To understand how different their algal symbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae) respond to this disease, we examine gene expression profiles colonies five from a SCTLD transmission experiment. The included vary in purported susceptibilities SCTLD, use inform analyses both animal Symbiodiniaceae. We identify orthologous genes exhibiting lineage-specific differences that correlate susceptibility, as well are differentially expressed all response infection. find infection induces increased rab7 , an established marker situ degradation dysfunctional Symbiodiniaceae, accompanied by genus-level shifts Symbiodiniaceae photosystem metabolism expression. Overall, our results indicate symbiophagy across severity influenced identity.

Language: Английский

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Environmental Concentrations of Herbicide Prometryn Render Stress-Tolerant Corals Susceptible to Ocean Warming

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(10), P. 4545 - 4557

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Global warming has caused the degradation of coral reefs around world. While stress-tolerant corals have demonstrated ability to acclimatize ocean warming, it remains unclear whether they can sustain their thermal resilience when superimposed with other coastal environmental stressors. We report combined impacts a photosystem II (PSII) herbicide, prometryn, and on Galaxea fascicularis through physiological omics analyses. The results demonstrate that heat-stress-induced inhibition photosynthetic efficiency in G. is exacerbated presence prometryn. Transcriptomics metabolomics analyses indicate prometryn exposure may overwhelm repair mechanism corals, thereby compromising capacity for acclimation. Moreover, might amplify adverse effects heat stress key energy nutrient metabolism pathways induce stronger response oxidative corals. findings at environmentally relevant concentrations would render more susceptible exacerbate breakdown Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis. present study provides valuable insights into necessity prioritizing PSII herbicide pollution reduction reef protection efforts while mitigating climate change.

Language: Английский

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Symbioses are restructured by repeated mass coral bleaching

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(49)

Published: Dec. 7, 2022

Survival of symbiotic reef-building corals under global warming requires rapid acclimation or adaptation. The impact accumulated heat stress was compared across 1643 symbiont communities before and after the 2016 mass bleaching in three coral species free-living environment ~900 kilometers Great Barrier Reef. Resilient reefs (less aerial than predicted from high satellite sea temperatures) showed low variation symbioses. Before 2016, heat-tolerant environmental symbionts were common ~98% samples moderately abundant (9 to 40% samples). In corals, at abundances (0 7.3%) but only a minority (13 27%) colonies. Following bleaching, diversity doubled (including symbionts) increased one species. Communities dynamic (Acropora millepora) conserved hyacinthus Acropora tenuis), including community turnover redistribution. Symbiotic restructuring occurs is taxon-specific ecological opportunity.

Language: Английский

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The microbiome dynamics and interaction of endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae and fungi are associated with thermal bleaching susceptibility of coral holobionts

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 90(4)

Published: March 6, 2024

ABSTRACT The thermal bleaching percentage of coral holobionts shows interspecific differences under heat-stress conditions, which are closely related to the coral-associated microbiome. However, ecological effects community dynamics and interactions between Symbiodiniaceae fungi on susceptibility remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed diversity, structure, functions, potential interaction among 18 species from a high risk atoll using next-generation sequencing. results showed that heat-tolerant C3u sub-clade Durusdinium dominated corals there were no core amplicon sequence variants in fungal community. Fungal richness abundance confirmed functional animal-plant pathogens significantly positively correlated with percentage. indicators, including Didymellaceae, Chaetomiaceae, Schizophyllum , Colletotrichum identified corals. Each had complex Symbiodiniaceae–fungi network (SFIN), was driven by dominant sub-clades. SFINs low exhibited complexity betweenness centrality. These indicate extra heat tolerance Huangyan Island may be linked Symbiodiniaceae. communities have flexibility, increase diversity pathogen higher Moreover, indicators associated degrees susceptibility, both intermediate levels. topological properties suggest limited parasitism strong microbial resilience. IMPORTANCE Global warming enhanced marine heatwaves led rapid decline reef ecosystems worldwide. Several studies focused impact microbiomes corals; however, functions We investigated microbiome Island. Our study found mainly composed . has close associations susceptibility. first constructed an corals, indicated restricting resilience would promote acclimatization Accordingly, provides insights into role microorganisms their as drivers bleaching.

Language: Английский

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The diversity, distribution, and temporal stability of coral ‘zooxanthellae’ on a pacific reef: from the scale of individual colonies to across the host community

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(4), P. 841 - 856

Published: June 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Increased diversity and concordant shifts in community structure of coral‐associated Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria subjected to chronic human disturbance

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(13), P. 2477 - 2491

Published: June 4, 2020

Both coral-associated bacteria and endosymbiotic algae (Symbiodiniaceae spp.) are vitally important for the biological function of corals. Yet little is known about their co-occurrence within corals, how diversity varies across coral species, or they impacted by anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we sampled colonies (n = 472) from seven encompassing a range life history traits, gradient chronic human disturbance 11 sites on Kiritimati [Christmas] atoll) in central equatorial Pacific, quantified sequence assemblages community structure associated Symbiodiniaceae bacterial communities. Although alpha did not vary with disturbance, was consistently higher Shannon richness, richness sample almost doubling low to very high disturbance. Chronic also altered microbial beta bacteria, including changes both increased variation (dispersion) We found concordance between structure, when all corals were considered together, individually two massive Hydnophora microconos Porites lobata, implying that symbionts respond similarly these species. Finally, dominant ancestral lineage colony differential abundances several distinct taxa. These results suggest communities may be reliable indicator stress microbiome, there concordant responses at whole-ecosystem scale.

Language: Английский

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Fish predation on corals promotes the dispersal of coral symbionts

Animal Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: March 22, 2021

Abstract Background The microbiomes of foundation (habitat-forming) species such as corals and sponges underpin the biodiversity, productivity, stability ecosystems. Consumers shape communities through trophic interactions, but role consumers in dispersing is rarely examined. For example, stony rely on a nutritional symbiosis with single-celled endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (family Symbiodiniaceae) to construct reefs. Most acquire Symbiodiniaceae from environment, processes that make available for uptake are not resolved. Here, we provide first comprehensive, reef-scale demonstration predation by diverse coral-eating (corallivorous) fish promotes dispersal Symbiodiniaceae, based symbiont cell densities community compositions feces four obligate corallivores, three facultative two grazer/detritivores well samples reef sediment water. Results Obligate corallivore environmental hotspots cells: live concentrations 5–7 orders magnitude higher than water reservoirs. corallivores similar those locally abundant coral genera ( Pocillopora Porites ), differ Combining our data situ observations fish, estimate some corallivorous release over 100 million cells per m 2 day. Released came direct contact colonies fore zone following 91% observed egestion events, providing potential mechanism transfer among colonies. Conclusions Taken together, findings show may support maintenance cover reefs an unexpected way: beneficial symbionts feces. Few studies examine species, or how reservoirs replenished. This work sets stage parallel consumer-mediated microbiome assembly other sessile, habitat-forming species.

Language: Английский

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Grand Challenges in Coevolution

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 6, 2022

SPECIALTY GRAND CHALLENGE article Front. Ecol. Evol., 06 January 2022Sec. Coevolution Volume 9 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.618251

Language: Английский

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Viruses of a key coral symbiont exhibit temperature-driven productivity across a reefscape

ISME Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: April 3, 2023

Abstract Viruses can affect coral health by infecting their symbiotic dinoflagellate partners (Symbiodiniaceae). Yet, viral dynamics in colonies exposed to environmental stress have not been studied at the reef scale, particularly within individual lineages. We sequenced major capsid protein (mcp) gene of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses known infect dinoflagellates (‘dinoRNAVs’) analyze reef-building coral, Porites lobata. repeatedly sampled 54 harboring Cladocopium C15 dinoflagellates, across three environmentally distinct zones (fringing reef, back and forereef) around island Moorea, French Polynesia over a 3-year period spanning reef-wide thermal event. By end sampling period, 28% (5/18) corals fringing experienced partial mortality versus 78% (14/18) forereef. Over 90% (50/54) had detectable dinoRNAV infections. Reef zone influenced composition richness mcp amino acid types (‘aminotypes’), with containing highest aminotype richness. The event significantly increased dispersion, this pattern was strongest that mortality. These findings demonstrate infections respond fluctuations situ on reefs. Further, productivity will likely increase as ocean temperatures continue rise, potentially impacting foundational symbiosis underpinning ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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