Hanging by a thread? Forests and drought

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6488), P. 261 - 266

Published: April 16, 2020

Trees are the living foundations on which most terrestrial biodiversity is built. Central to success of trees their woody bodies, connect elevated photosynthetic canopies with essential belowground activities water and nutrient acquisition. The slow construction these carbon-dense, skeletons leads a generation time, leaving forests highly susceptible rapid changes in climate. Other long-lived, sessile organisms such as corals appear be poorly equipped survive changes, raises questions about vulnerability contemporary future climate change. emerging view that, similar corals, tree species have rather inflexible damage thresholds, particularly terms stress, especially concerning. This Review examines recent progress our understanding how looks for growing hotter drier atmosphere.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of woody-plant mortality under rising drought, CO2 and vapour pressure deficit

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(5), P. 294 - 308

Published: March 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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Climate Change Risks to Global Forest Health: Emergence of Unexpected Events of Elevated Tree Mortality Worldwide

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 73(1), P. 673 - 702

Published: March 1, 2022

Recent observations of elevated tree mortality following climate extremes, like heat and drought, raise concerns about change risks to global forest health. We currently lack both sufficient data understanding identify whether these represent a trend toward increasing mortality. Here, we document events sudden unexpected drought in ecosystems that previously were considered tolerant or not at risk exposure. These underscore the fact may affect forests with force future. use as examples highlight current difficulties challenges for realistically predicting such uncertainties future condition. Advances remote sensing technology greater availably high-resolution data, from field assessments satellites, are needed improve prediction responses change. Expected final online publication date Annual Review Plant Biology, Volume 73 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates revised estimates.

Language: Английский

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Linking plant hydraulics and the fast–slow continuum to understand resilience to drought in tropical ecosystems

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 230(3), P. 904 - 923

Published: Feb. 11, 2021

Summary Tropical ecosystems have the highest levels of biodiversity, cycle more water and absorb carbon than any other terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. Consequently, these are extremely important components Earth’s climatic system biogeochemical cycles. Plant hydraulics is an essential discipline to understand predict dynamics tropical vegetation in scenarios changing availability. Using published plant hydraulic data we show that trade‐off between drought avoidance (expressed as deep‐rooting, deciduousness capacitance) safety (P50 – potential when plants lose 50% their maximum conductivity) a major axis physiological variation across ecosystems. We also propose novel independent trait linking vulnerability failure margin (HSM)) growth, where inherent fast‐growing lower HSM compared slow‐growing plants. surmise soil nutrients fundamental drivers community assembly determining distribution abundance slow‐safe/fast‐risky strategies. conclude showing including either growth‐HSM or resistance‐avoidance models can make simulated rainforest communities substantially vulnerable similar without trade‐off. These results suggest need represent axes accurately project functioning

Language: Английский

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Why is Tree Drought Mortality so Hard to Predict?

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(6), P. 520 - 532

Published: March 2, 2021

Language: Английский

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Tropical tree mortality has increased with rising atmospheric water stress

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 608(7923), P. 528 - 533

Published: May 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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Rapid hydraulic collapse as cause of drought-induced mortality in conifers

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(16)

Published: April 12, 2021

Understanding the vulnerability of trees to drought-induced mortality is key predicting fate forests in a future climate with more frequent and intense droughts, although underlying mechanisms are difficult study adult trees. Here, we explored dynamic changes water relations limits hydraulic function dying adults Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) during progression record-breaking 2018 Central European drought. In on trajectory mortality, observed rapid, nonlinear declines xylem pressure that commenced at early onset cavitation caused complete loss conductance within very short time. We also severe depletions nonstructural carbohydrates, though carbon starvation could be ruled out as cause tree death, both surviving showed these metabolic limitations. Our observations provide striking field-based evidence for fast dehydration collapse spruce. The decline suggests considering temporal dynamics critical death. system time demonstrates can rapidly pushed zone safety summary, our findings point toward higher risk than previously assumed, which line current reports unprecedented levels this major species.

Language: Английский

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Compound climate events increase tree drought mortality across European forests

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 816, P. 151604 - 151604

Published: Nov. 12, 2021

Climate change can lead to the simultaneous occurrence of extreme droughts and heat waves increasing frequency compound events with unknown impacts on forests. Here we use two independent datasets, a compiled database tree drought mortality ICP-Forest level I plots, study hot summers, elevated vapour pressure deficit (VPD), dry years forest defoliation across Europe. We focused background rates, studied their co-occurrence summers years. In total, 143 out 310 Europe, i.e. 46% cases, corresponded rare characterized by Over past decades, summer temperature increased in most sites severe resulted not observed before 1980s. From plots identified 291 (1718 trees) 61 (128 where mortality, respectively, were caused drought. The analyses these showed that 34% 27% cases climate events, respectively. Background rates Europe period 1993-2013 presented higher values regions VPD more steeply rose, increased. steady increase temperatures Southern Eastern may favor conditions. Giving both, local intense are linked such expect an European over next decades.

Language: Английский

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Mutually inclusive mechanisms of drought‐induced tree mortality

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(10), P. 3365 - 3378

Published: March 5, 2022

Unprecedented tree dieback across Central Europe caused by recent global change-type drought events highlights the need for a better mechanistic understanding of drought-induced mortality. Although numerous physiological risk factors have been identified, importance two principal mechanisms, hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, is still debated. It further remains largely unresolved how local neighborhood composition affects individual mortality risk. We studied 9435 young trees 12 temperate species planted in diversity experiment 2013 to assess traits, dynamics, pest infestation, height competition influence Following most extreme since record 2018, one third these died. Across species, safety margins (HSMs) were negatively shift towards higher sugar fraction non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) pool positively associated with Moreover, infested bark beetles had risk, taller lower Most interactions beneficial, although effects highly species-specific. Species that suffered more from drought, especially Larix spp. Betula spp., tended increase survival probability their neighbors vice versa. While severe tissue dehydration marks final stage mortality, we show interrelated series other, mutually inclusive processes. These include shifts NSC pools driven osmotic adjustment and/or starch depletion as well infestation are modulated size identity its neighbors. A holistic view accounts multiple causes required improve predictions trends forest dynamics identify beneficial combinations.

Language: Английский

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Addressing controversies in the xylem embolism resistance–vessel diameter relationship

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 238(1), P. 283 - 296

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Summary Although xylem embolism is a key process during drought‐induced tree mortality, its relationship to wood anatomy remains debated. While the functional link between bordered pits and resistance known, there no direct, mechanistic explanation for traditional assumption that wider vessels are more vulnerable than narrow ones. We used data from 20 temperate broad‐leaved species study inter‐ intraspecific of water potential at 50% loss conductivity ( P 50 ) with hydraulically weighted vessel diameter D h tested pit membrane thickness T PM specific K s on level. Embolism‐resistant had thick membranes vessels. was weakly associated , – remained highly significant after accounting . The interspecific pattern mirrored by but evidence an relationship. Our results provide robust across our species. As cause inconsistencies in published relationships, analysis suggests differences range trait values covered, level aggregation (species, or sample level) studied.

Language: Английский

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