Climate change induces multiple risks to boreal forests and forestry in Finland: A literature review

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 4178 - 4196

Published: May 25, 2020

Climate change induces multiple abiotic and biotic risks to forests forestry. Risks in different spatial temporal scales must be considered ensure preconditions for sustainable multifunctional management of ecosystem services. For this purpose, the present review article summarizes most recent findings on major boreal Finland under current changing climate, with focus windstorms, heavy snow loading, drought forest fires insect pests pathogens trees. In general, growth is projected increase mainly northern Finland. south, growing conditions may become suboptimal, particularly Norway spruce. Although wind climate does not remarkably, damage risk will especially because shortening soil frost period. The anticipated north decrease south. Increasing summer boost large-scale fires. Also, warmer increases bark beetle outbreaks wood decay by Heterobasidion root rot coniferous forests. probability detrimental cascading events, such as those caused a followed widespread outbreak, remarkably future. Therefore, simultaneous consideration essential.

Language: Английский

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Reviews and syntheses: Arctic fire regimes and emissions in the 21st century

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(18), P. 5053 - 5083

Published: Sept. 15, 2021

Abstract. In recent years, the pan-Arctic region has experienced increasingly extreme fire seasons. Fires in northern high latitudes are driven by current and future climate change, lightning, fuel conditions, human activity. this context, conceptualizing parameterizing Arctic regimes will be important for land management as well understanding predicting emissions. The objectives of review were policy questions identified Monitoring Assessment Programme (AMAP) Working Group posed to its Expert on Short-Lived Climate Forcers. This synthesizes changing boreal regimes, particularly activity response change have consequences Council states aiming mitigate adapt north. conclusions from our synthesis following. (1) Current fires, adjacent region, natural (i.e. lightning) human-caused ignition sources, including fires caused timber energy extraction, prescribed burning landscape management, tourism activities. Little is published scientific literature about cultural Indigenous populations across pan-Arctic, remain source ignitions above 70∘ N Russia. (2) expected make more likely increasing likelihood weather, increased lightning activity, drier vegetative ground conditions. (3) To some extent, shifting agricultural use forest transitions forest–steppe steppe, tundra taiga, coniferous deciduous a warmer may increase decrease open biomass burning, depending addition climate-driven biome shifts. However, at country scales, these relationships not established. (4) black carbon PM2.5 emissions wildfires 50 65∘ larger than anthropogenic sectors residential combustion, transportation, flaring. Wildfire 2010 2020, 60∘ N, with 56 % 2020 attributed – indicating how wildfire season was severe seasons can potentially be. (5) What works zones prevent fight work Arctic. Fire need climate, economic development, local communities, fragile ecosystems, permafrost peatlands. (6) Factors contributing uncertainty quantifying include underestimation satellite systems, lack agreement between Earth observations official statistics, still needed refinements location, previous return intervals peat landscapes. highlights that much research order understand regional impacts regime global communities.

Language: Английский

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European forests under global climate change: Review of tree growth processes, crises and management strategies

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 332, P. 117353 - 117353

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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A Review on the Observed Climate Change in Europe and Its Impacts on Viticulture

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 837 - 837

Published: May 20, 2022

The European climate is changing displaying profound impacts on agriculture, thus strongly reaching the scientific community’s attention. In this review, compilation of selected research agroclimatic conditions’ changes and their impact productivity parameters (phenology timing, product quality quantity) grapevines spatiotemporal characteristics viticultural areas are attempted for first time. For purpose, a thorough investigation through multiple search queries was conducted period (2005–2021). Overall, increasing (decreasing) trends in critical temperature (precipitation) reality recent past with visible viticulture. observed warming already enforces emerging phenomena related to modification developmental rate (earlier phenological events, shortening intervals, lengthening growing season, earlier harvest), alteration quality, heterogeneous effects grapevine yield emergence new cool-climate viticulture highlighting cultivation’s rebirth northern central parts continent. vulnerability wine-growing ecosystem urges integration innovative sustainable solutions confronting change safeguarding production (quantity quality) capacity systems Europe under continuously environment.

Language: Английский

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An Overview of the Role of Forests in Climate Change Mitigation

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(14), P. 6089 - 6089

Published: July 17, 2024

Nowadays, climate change is recognized as one of the biggest problems world facing, posing a potential threat to environment and almost all aspects human life. Since United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992, many efforts have been made mitigate change, with no considerable results. According projections, temperatures will continue rise, extreme weather events become more frequent, prolonged, intense. Reflecting these concerns, 2015 Paris Agreement was adopted cornerstone for reducing impact aiming limit global warming below 2 °C even keep temperature rise 1.5 °C. To achieve this international goal, focused mitigation actions be required. has strong forests, enhancing their growth but also risks them. Conversely, forests can they surface through influence land–atmosphere energy exchange absorption vast amounts CO2 photosynthesis. Consequently, afforestation reforestation integral components strategies worldwide. This review aims summarize cutting-edge knowledge role mitigation, emphasizing carbon storage capacity. Overall, afforestation/reforestation hinges strategic planning, implementation, local forest conditions. Integrating other removal technologies could enhance long-term effectiveness storage. Ultimately, effective entails both restoring establishing alongside greenhouse gas emissions.

Language: Английский

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Recent global land cover dynamics and implications for soil erosion and carbon losses from deforestation

Anthropocene, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 34, P. 100291 - 100291

Published: March 27, 2021

Changes in land cover are increasingly affecting surface properties and provision of ecosystem services. Understanding recent historical changes their interlinkages with key environmental processes is instrumental to better support strategies for land-use management. The recently released products from the European Space Agency Copernicus Climate Change Service contain high-resolution (300 m) time series global maps 1992 2018. This study investigates transitions these explores effects on two aspects, namely, carbon losses deforestation soil erosion rates. We used a powerful server big data analysis retain original spatial resolution datasets. found 722 Mha (5.5 % total ice-free surface) gross changes, which mainly involved forest/agriculture. Cropland gains 205 126 (net expansion 79 Mha). Deforestation occurring 242 was caused by agricultural expansion, whereas 196 were afforested. Settlements show largest relative (44 Mha, +210 %), 67 (29 Mha) occurred at expenses land. 12.3 (7.6/14.2) Gt Carbon below- aboveground biomass 2010 2018, corresponding 1.5 (1.0/1.8) per year. Global agriculture activities have increased 3.2 rates 0.22 Mg ha−1 yr−1 period 2001–2012, especially tropical regions. identified reflect human-dominated Earth system indirect climate change cover, boreal ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Natural disturbances risks in European Boreal and Temperate forests and their links to climate change – A review of modelling approaches

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 509, P. 120071 - 120071

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

It is expected that European Boreal and Temperate forests will be greatly affected by climate change, causing natural disturbances to increase in frequency severity. To detangle how, through forest management, we can make less vulnerable the impact of disturbances, need include risks such our decision-making tools. The present review investigates: i) how most important forestry-related are linked ii) different modelling approaches assess their applicability for large-scale management planning. Global warming decrease frozen soil periods, which increases root rot, snow, ice wind damage, cascading into an increment bark beetle damage. Central Europe experience a precipitation temperature, lowers tree defenses against beetles rot infestations. Ice wet snow damages Northern forests, reduce Southern forests. However, lack cover may cases frost-damaged seedlings. increased temperatures drought together with fuel from other likely enhance wildfire risk, especially For approaches, thirty-nine disturbance models were assessed categorized according required input variables models' outputs. Probability usually common all model however, predict effects seem scarce.

Language: Английский

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Sectoral policies cause incoherence in forest management and ecosystem service provisioning

Forest Policy and Economics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 102689 - 102689

Published: Jan. 14, 2022

Various national policies guide forest use, but often with competing policy objectives leading to divergent management paradigms. Incoherent may negatively impact the sustainable provision of ecosystem services (FES), and multifunctionality. There is uncertainty among policymakers about impacts on real world. We translated documents Finland into scenarios including quantitative demands for FES, representing: strategy (NFS), biodiversity (BDS), bioeconomy (BES). simulated a Finland-wide systematic sample stands alternative regimes climate change. Finally, we used multi-objective optimization identify combination matching best each scenario analysed their long-term effects FES. The NFS proved be most multifunctional, targeting highest number while BES had lowest FES targets. However, was strongly oriented towards value chain wood bioenergy dominating economic growth target, which caused strong within-policy conflicts hindered reaching BDS were instead more consistent showed either sustainability gaps in terms providing timber resources (BDS) or no improvements All resulted programs dominated by continuous cover forestry, set-aside areas, intensive zones, proportions depending focus. Our results highlight first time sectoral requirements outcomes provide leverage points increase coherence future improve implementation multiple uses forests.

Language: Английский

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Climate targets in European timber-producing countries conflict with goals on forest ecosystem services and biodiversity

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: April 14, 2023

Abstract The European Union (EU) set clear climate change mitigation targets to reach neutrality, accounting for forests and their woody biomass resources. We investigated the consequences of increased harvest demands resulting from EU targets. analysed impacts on national policy objectives forest ecosystem services biodiversity through empirical simulation multi-objective optimization methods. show that key timber-producing countries – Finland, Sweden, Germany (Bavaria) cannot fulfil linked ambitious 1.5°C target. Potentials increase only exists in studied region Norway. However, focusing conflicts with several policies causes adverse effects multiple biodiversity. argue role timber resources achieving societal decarbonization should not be overstated. Our study provides insight other challenged by conflicting supports policymakers.

Language: Английский

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Spatiotemporal dynamics of forest insect populations under climate change

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56, P. 101020 - 101020

Published: March 9, 2023

Language: Английский

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