Coral‐bleaching responses to climate change across biological scales

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(14), P. 4229 - 4250

Published: April 27, 2022

Abstract The global impacts of climate change are evident in every marine ecosystem. On coral reefs, mass bleaching and mortality have emerged as ubiquitous responses to ocean warming, yet one the greatest challenges this epiphenomenon is linking information across scientific disciplines spatial temporal scales. Here we review some seminal recent coral‐bleaching discoveries from an ecological, physiological, molecular perspective. We also evaluate which data processes can improve predictive models provide a conceptual framework that integrates measurements biological Taking integrative approach scales, using for example hierarchical estimate major coral‐reef processes, will not only rapidly advance science but necessary guide decision‐making conservation efforts. To conserve encourage implementing mesoscale sanctuaries (thousands km 2 ) transcend national boundaries. Such networks protected reefs reef connectivity, through larval dispersal transverse thermal environments, genotypic repositories may become essential units selection environmentally diverse locations. Together, multinational be best chance corals persist change, while humanity struggles reduce emissions greenhouse gases net zero.

Language: Английский

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Coral reefs benefit from reduced land–sea impacts under ocean warming

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 621(7979), P. 536 - 542

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

Coral reef ecosystems are being fundamentally restructured by local human impacts and climate-driven marine heatwaves that trigger mass coral bleaching mortality1. Reducing can increase resistance to recovery from bleaching2. However, resource managers lack clear advice on targeted actions best support reefs under climate change3 sector-based governance means most land- sea-based management efforts remain siloed4. Here we combine surveys of change with a unique 20-year time series land-sea encompassed an unprecedented heatwave in Hawai'i. Reefs increased herbivorous fish populations reduced land-based impacts, such as wastewater pollution urban runoff, had positive cover trajectories predisturbance. These also experienced modest reduction mortality following severe heat stress compared enhanced impacts. Scenario modelling indicated simultaneously reducing results three- sixfold greater probability having high reef-builder four years postdisturbance than if either occurred isolation. International protect 30% Earth's land ocean 2030 underway5. Our reveal integrated could help achieve coastal conservation goals provide the opportunity persist our changing climate.

Language: Английский

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Global impacts of marine heatwaves on coastal foundation species

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: June 13, 2024

Abstract With increasingly intense marine heatwaves affecting nearshore regions, foundation species are coming under increasing stress. To better understand their impacts, we examine responses of critical, habitat-forming (macroalgae, seagrass, corals) to in 1322 shallow coastal areas located across 85 ecoregions. We find compelling evidence that intense, summer play a significant role the decline globally. Critically, detrimental effects increase towards warm-range edges and over time. also identify several ecoregions where don’t respond heatwaves, suggestive some resilience warming events. Cumulative heatwave intensity, absolute temperature, location within species’ range key factors mediating impacts. Our results suggest many ecosystems losing species, potentially impacting associated biodiversity, ecological function, ecosystem services provision. Understanding relationships between offers potential predict impacts critical for developing management adaptation approaches.

Language: Английский

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Oceanic differences in coral-bleaching responses to marine heatwaves

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 871, P. 162113 - 162113

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Anomalously high ocean temperatures have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration over the last several decades because of greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming marine heatwaves. Reef-building corals are sensitive to such temperature anomalies commonly lead coral bleaching, mortality, changes community structure. Yet, despite these overarching effects, there geographical differences thermal regimes, evolutionary histories, past disturbances may different bleaching responses within among oceans. Here we examined overall Atlantic, Indian, Pacific Oceans, using both a spatially explicit Bayesian mixed-effects model deep-learning neural-network model. We used 40-year dataset encompassing 23,288 coral-reef surveys at 11,058 sites 88 countries, from 1980 2020. Focusing on ocean-wide assessed relationships between percentage bleached temperature-related metrics alongside suite environmental variables. found while sea-surface were consistently, strongly, related all oceans, clear most For instance, was an increase with depth Atlantic Ocean whereas opposite observed Indian Ocean, no trend could be seen Ocean. The standard deviation thermal-stress negatively but not Globally, has progressively occurred higher four although, again, three Together, patterns highlight historical circumstances oceanographic conditions play central role contemporary coral-bleaching responses.

Language: Английский

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Increase in the extent of mass coral bleaching over the past half-century, based on an updated global database

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. e0281719 - e0281719

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

The recurrence of mass coral bleaching and associated mortality in the past few decades have raised questions about future reef ecosystems. Although is well studied, our understanding spatial extent events continues to be limited by geographical biases data collection. To address this gap, we updated a previous observational database spatially modelled probability occurrence. First, an existing raw was cover 1963–2017 period using searches academic grey literature outreach monitoring organizations. Then, order provide spatially-explicit global coverage, employed indicator kriging model occurrence each year from 1985 through 2017 at 0.05° x lat-long resolution. has 37,774 observations, including 22,650 positive reports, three times that version. interpolation suggests 71% world’s reefs likely (>66% probability) experienced least once during period. mean across all globally 29–45% most severe years 1998, 2005, 2010 2016. Modelled probabilities were positively related with annual maximum Degree Heating Weeks (DHW), measure thermal stress, (p<0.001), event (p<0.01). In addition, DHW cells very (>90% increased over time rate cells, suggesting possible increase tolerance. interpolated databases can used other researchers enhance real-time predictions, calibrate models for projections, assess change response stress time.

Language: Английский

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Coral adaptive capacity insufficient to halt global transition of coral reefs into net erosion under climate change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(11), P. 3010 - 3018

Published: March 21, 2023

Abstract Projecting the effects of climate change on net reef calcium carbonate production is critical to understanding future impacts ecosystem function, but prior estimates have not included corals' natural adaptive capacity such change. Here we estimate how ability symbionts evolve tolerance heat stress, or for coral hosts shuffle favourable symbionts, and their combination, may influence responses combined ocean warming acidification under three representative concentration pathway (RCP) emissions scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 RCP8.5). We show that symbiont evolution shuffling, both individually when combined, favours persistent positive production. However, our projections (NCCP) vary spatially by RCP. For example, 19%–35% modelled reefs are still projected NCCP 2050 if can increased thermal tolerance, depending Without capacity, number with drops 9%–13% 2050. Accounting project median NCPP will occur low greenhouse (RCP2.6) in Indian Ocean, even moderate (RCP4.5) Pacific Ocean. be insufficient halt transition globally into erosion severe (RCP8.5).

Language: Английский

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Atypical weather patterns cause coral bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia during the 2021–2022 La Niña

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: April 19, 2023

Widespread coral bleaching was observed over the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, world's largest reef during 2021-2022 La Niña. This raised concerns that background global warming may have crossed a critical threshold causing thermal stress to corals climate state historically associated with increased cloud cover, rainfall and cooler summer water temperatures. Here we present an analysis of recent Niña events focused on their synoptic meteorology corresponding temperatures Reef. Results show caused accumulated heat exceed previous conditions by 2.5 times. We find weather patterns favoured build-up in overlying Reef were likely result repositioning planetary scale atmospheric longwaves. insight provides additional means predict potential future increase risk extremely high

Language: Английский

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Decadal‐scale time series highlight the role of chronic disturbances in driving ecosystem collapse in the Anthropocene

Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 105(8)

Published: June 20, 2024

Biome degradation characterizes the Anthropocene Epoch, and modern ecology is deeply involved with describing changes underway. Most research has focused on role of acute disturbances in causing conspicuous ecosystem structure, which leads to an underappreciation chronic effects large through cumulative small perturbations over decades. Coral reefs epitomize this trend, because community structure are profound, yet data quantify these usually insufficient evaluate relative roles different disturbance types. Here, four decades surveys from two coral (9 14 m depth) off St. John, US Virgin Islands, used associations events benthic structure. These profoundly changed 36 years, death altering species assemblages depress abundances ecologically important Orbicella spp. elevating coverage macroalgae crustose coralline algae/turf/bare space (CTB). Linear mixed models revealed prominent variation temperature accounting for corals, macroalgae, CTB, rising associated increases cover deep reef, declines shallow reef. Hurricanes were also Multivariate analyses strong between temperature, but weaker hurricanes, bleaching, diseases. results highlight overwhelming importance chronically increasing Caribbean reefs.

Language: Английский

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Fine-Tuning Heat Stress Algorithms to Optimise Global Predictions of Mass Coral Bleaching

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(14), P. 2677 - 2677

Published: July 7, 2021

Increasingly intense marine heatwaves threaten the persistence of many ecosystems. Heat stress-mediated episodes mass coral bleaching have led to catastrophic mortality globally. Remotely monitoring and forecasting such biotic responses heat stress is key for effective ecosystem management. The Degree Heating Week (DHW) metric, designed monitor risk, reflects duration intensity events computed by accumulating SST anomalies (HotSpot) relative a threshold over 12-week moving window. Despite significant improvements in underlying datasets, corresponding revisions HotSpot accumulation window are still lacking. Here, we fine-tune operational DHW algorithm optimise predictions using 5 km satellite-based SSTs (CoralTemp v3.1) global dataset (37,871 observations, National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration). After developing 234 test algorithms with different combinations window, compared their prediction ability spatiotemporal Bayesian hierarchical models sensitivity–specificity analyses. Peak performance was reached thresholds less than or equal maximum monthly means climatology (MMM) windows 4–8 weeks. This new configuration correctly predicted up an additional 310 observations globally algorithm, improved hit rate 7.9%. Given detrimental impacts across ecosystems, could also be fine-tuned other biological systems, improving scientific accuracy, enabling governance.

Language: Английский

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Coral responses to climate change exposure

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(7), P. 073001 - 073001

Published: May 30, 2022

Abstract A brief historical narrative of coral responses to climate change exposures is followed by a review evidence. I trace the history investigations and summarize findings from 112 multiple-site field studies that examined environmental exposure variables bleaching mortality response relationships. total 59 in six topic areas were studied which excess thermal was most common variable. Investigations broadly classified into two categories; those focused on either stress thresholds (TM) or continuous (VM). The TM considered 28 variables, but only 1.7 ± 1.3 (SD) per publication, 11% completed variable selection process competed for fit parsimony. 65 VM publications more publication (4.1 4.3), 43% procedure. received citation frequently used identify future impacts sanctuaries. often report heat threshold as weak single predictors mortality. Coral favors mechanisms causation are additive interactive; specifically, interactions between chronic acute stresses within geographic habitat contexts local genetic histories. Some potentially important predicting have seldom been modeled. implication status health reefs will be better than predicted TMs. Moreover, sanctuaries expected patchy influenced space, time, genetics, taxa heterogeneity reflect mix avoidance, resistance, recovery processes their associated sanctuary locations.

Language: Английский

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