Trade‐offs among management objectives in mature Douglas‐fir forests of the Pacific Northwest DOI Creative Commons
Neil G. Williams, Matthew D. Powers

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Mature conifer‐dominated forests are an important component of the Pacific Northwest landscape, and conservation species associated with late‐successional has been a primary management focus in these for decades. Increasingly, also valued as carbon stores, considerable climate change mitigation potential. However, there increasing concerns about effects change, particularly drought, on forests. Despite complexity balancing diverse concerns, few studies have examined compatibility biodiversity conservation, storage, drought adaptation. We used spatially temporally synchronous empirical dataset from mature Douglas‐fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ) stands representing three alternative strategies, passive (“unmanaged”), thinning, retention harvest, to examine trade‐offs among objectives related adaptation, early‐successional forest songbirds. Although previous evaluated adaptation Douglas‐fir, none focused stands. Therefore, we tree resistance resilience 2001 drought. Trees harvest displayed significantly higher than trees thinned or unmanaged stands, but no differences were observed between latter two conditions, potentially due long (average 22 years) period treatment our this, provided better multiobjective compromise trade‐off analysis. Across all largest objective combinations that involved early‐ birds. While analysis supports consistency managing birds storage much larger. Given projected changes climate, substantial notable imply achieving will be challenging at stand scale. Our results suggest diversity approaches, incorporating both active reserve‐based may necessary foster combination goals

Language: Английский

The role of species interactions for forest resilience to drought DOI Creative Commons
Simon Haberstroh, Christiane Werner

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 1098 - 1107

Published: March 21, 2022

ABSTRACT Increasing durations and frequencies of droughts under climate change endanger the sustainable functioning forests worldwide. The admixture species with complementary resource use may increase resilience towards drought; however, little is known about modifications interactions ( i.e . facilitation competition) by increasing drought severity in mixed forests. In particular, knowledge on regulation central ecohydrological processes, such as tree water fluxes, lacking. Therefore, we conducted a literature review to assess impact (resistance + recovery) severity. classification studies into three classes suggested that beneficial interactions, through improved relations, were prevalent mild droughts. However, drought, negative effects, interspecific competition, occurred. These prominent extreme droughts, where even trees resource‐use strategies competed for resources. Fewer data are available recovery fluxes. limited evidence supported patterns observed resistance, complementarity mixtures enhancing after moderate competition effects reduced some observed, which can strongly compromise resilience. While acknowledge importance biodiversity, ecosystem services or pest caution shift Thus, there an urgent need investigate interaction more depth adapt forest stress.

Language: Английский

Citations

79
European beech dieback after premature leaf senescence during the 2018 drought in northern Switzerland DOI Creative Commons
Esther R. Frei, Martin M. Goßner, Yann Vitasse

et al.

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 1132 - 1145

Published: Sept. 14, 2022

During the particularly severe hot summer drought in 2018, widespread premature leaf senescence was observed several broadleaved tree species Central Europe, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). For beech, it is yet unknown whether evoked a decline towards mortality or trees can recover longer term. In this study, we monitored crown dieback, and secondary damage symptoms 963 initially live that exhibited either normal 2018 three regions northern Switzerland from to 2021. We related multiple climate- stand-related parameters. Cumulative continuously increased up 7.2% 1.3% 2021 for with respectively. Mean dieback surviving peaked at 29.2% 2020 8.1% 2019 senescence, Thereafter, showed first signs of recovery. Crown more pronounced recovery slower growing on drier sites, larger trees. The presence bleeding cankers 24.6% 10.7% bark beetle holes 22.8% 14.8% Both occurred frequently had higher proportions and/or 2018. Our findings demonstrate context-specific differences reflecting importance regional local climate soil conditions. Adapting management increase forest resilience gaining importance, given expected further dry sites Switzerland.

Language: Английский

Citations

76
Long‐term forest monitoring reveals constant mortality rise in European forests DOI
Jan‐Peter George, Paul‐Christian Bürkner, Tanja Sanders

et al.

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 1108 - 1119

Published: Sept. 28, 2022

Abstract European forests are an important source for timber production, human welfare, income, protection and biodiversity. During the last two decades, Europe has experienced a number of droughts which have been exceptional within 500 years, both in terms duration intensity. These seem to leave remarkable imprints on mortality dynamics forests. However, systematic observations tree decline, with emphasis single species, scarce so far that our understanding drought occurrence is still limited at continental scale. Here, we make use ICP Forest crown defoliation dataset, permitting us retrospectively monitor all major conifers, broadleaves, as well pooled dataset minor species Europe. In total, analysed more than three million gathered during 25 years employed high‐resolution index can assess soil moisture anomaly based hydrological water‐balance runoff model. We found overall species‐specific increasing trends rates, accompanied by decreasing moisture. A generalized linear mixed model identified previous‐year most driver patterns but response was not uniform across numerous plots. conclude currently reaching concerning upward trend could be further accelerated global change‐type near future.

Language: Английский

Citations

57
Opportunities and limitations of thinning to increase resistance and resilience of trees and forests to global change DOI
Guillaume Moreau, Catherine Chagnon, Alexis Achim

et al.

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2022

Abstract We reviewed recent literature to identify the positive and negative effects of thinning on both stand- tree-level resistance resilience four stressors that are expected increase in frequency and/or severity due global change: (1) drought, (2) fire, (3) insects pathogens, (4) wind. There is strong evidence thinning, particularly heavy reduces impact drought also risk fire when harvest slash burned or removed. Thinning increases growth vigor residual trees, making them less susceptible eruptive while targeted removal host species, individuals infected trees can slow spread outbreaks. However, has consistent limited a few root rot infection were reported. At this point, our review reveals insufficient from rigorous experiments draw general conclusions. Although initially windthrow, there good young stands long-term by promoting development structural roots favouring acclimation high wind loads. While suggests should not be promoted as tool will universally forests, current could still an effective reduce forest vulnerability several stressors, creating window opportunity implement longer term adaptive management strategies such assisted migration. highlight knowledge gaps future research assess potential contribution management. One these studies boreal tropical regions drastically underrepresented, with almost no conducted Asia southern hemisphere. Empirical urgently needed allow broader-scale

Language: Английский

Citations

56
Nutrient regime modulates drought response patterns of three temperate tree species DOI Creative Commons
Gerhard Schmied, Torben Hilmers, Karl Heinz Mellert

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 868, P. 161601 - 161601

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Against the backdrop of global change, intensity, duration, and frequency droughts are projected to increase threaten forest ecosystems worldwide. Tree responses drought complex likely vary among species, characteristics, site conditions. Here, we examined response patterns three major temperate tree s. fir (Abies alba), E. beech (Fagus sylvatica), N. spruce (Picea abies), along an ecological gradient in South - Central East part Germany that included a total 37 sites with varying climatic soil We relied on annual tree-ring data assess influence different characteristics (micro-) conditions components resilience detect associated temporal changes. Our study revealed nutrient regime, frequency, hydraulic previous subsequent years were main determinants responses, pronounced differences species. Specifically, found (a) higher was resistance for beech; (b) more favorable two preceding following increased determined recovery potential after extreme drought; (c) site's rather than micro-site water availability, trees growing balanced regime having capacity withstand stress; (d) experienced long-term decline resilience. results indicate under stress benefit from supply highlight relevance availability immediately droughts. Observed trends confirm is suffering persistent changes, while coping better. These findings might be especially relevant monitoring, scenario analyses, ecosystem management.

Language: Английский

Citations

36
Spatial Heterogeneity of Vegetation Resilience Changes to Different Drought Types DOI Creative Commons
Yu Zhang, Xiaohong Liu, Wenzhe Jiao

et al.

Earth s Future, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4)

Published: April 1, 2023

Abstract Resilience is a fundamental concept for vegetation health. The increasing drought frequency and severity may pose severe threat to resilience. However, it still not clear how resilience evolving in response climate change pivotal biographical zones. Here, we examined the changes terms of leaf area index (LAI, an indicator canopy structure) gross primary productivity (GPP, carbon uptake) responding Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) vapor pressure deficit (VPD) over China's Loess Plateau Qinling Mountains. Linking remote sensing variables tree ring width allows upscaling plot‐based growth information. We further explored potential explanatory factors associated with heterogeneous spatial distributions changes. Results revealed that GPP weakened more than LAI drought, suggesting compared LAI, requires time recover pre‐drought levels. Regionally, on high‐altitude areas was highly susceptible SPEI VPD, respectively. observed heterogeneity mainly attributed by zone, water deficit, their interactions. Our findings provide direct empirical evidence Mountains gradually losing results indicate sustained ecosystem atmospheric dryness will continue threaten survival terrestrial service.

Language: Английский

Citations

33
Declining resistance of vegetation productivity to droughts across global biomes DOI
Zhibin Liu,

Junyue Zhu,

Jianyang Xia

et al.

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 340, P. 109602 - 109602

Published: July 14, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Pre- and post-drought conditions drive resilience of Pinus halepensis across its distribution range DOI Creative Commons
Léa Veuillen,

Bernard Prévosto,

Raquel Alfaro‐Sánchez

et al.

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 339, P. 109577 - 109577

Published: July 1, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

23
Tamm review: Drought-induced Scots pine mortality – trends, contributing factors, and mechanisms DOI Creative Commons
Arun K. Bose, Arthur Geßler,

Ulf Büntgen

et al.

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 561, P. 121873 - 121873

Published: April 3, 2024

A recent increase in the intensity and frequency of climate extremes under global warming is likely to continue cause unprecedented rates forest dieback different habitats around world. As one most widely distributed tree species, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) has experienced widespread mortality over past two decades many those forests transitioned broadleaved dominance inducing massive changes ecosystem functioning services. Here, we synthesize factors processes underlying drought-induced mortality. Our review identifies agreement across studies on impact drought, prevalence crown defoliation prior mortality, influence stand density ecological growth memory, as well presence biotic agents, such insects mistletoes. Studies generally agree that drought triggered self-thinning plays an important role. The post-mortality seems far below comparable pre-drought numbers trees per hectare, which indicates a significant reduction productivity stands. Most surprisingly, show while early-2000 s occurred at species' arid distribution limits, high are now also reported from climatic optimum where conditions used be more beneficial. Extreme droughts 2003, 2015 2018 causing this observed pattern, may indicate extreme could challenge growing climatically favorable areas. level acclimation strategies lowering leaf area enhancing water-use efficiency stand-level adjustments including apparently not sufficient prevent induced by frequent associated agents (insects mistletoes). However, still lack clear understanding linking functional species local variation fully understand capabilities grow survive future climate.

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Resilience and vulnerability: distinct concepts to address global change in forests DOI Creative Commons
Judit Lecina‐Diaz, Jordi Martínez‐Vilalta, Francisco Lloret

et al.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(8), P. 706 - 715

Published: March 25, 2024

Resilience and vulnerability are important concepts to understand, anticipate, manage global change impacts on forest ecosystems. However, they often used confusingly inconsistently, hampering a synthetic understanding of change, impeding communication with managers policy-makers. Both powerful have complementary strengths, reflecting their different history, methodological approach, components, spatiotemporal focus. assessments address the temporal response disturbance mechanisms driving it. Vulnerability focus spatial patterns exposure susceptibility, explicitly adaptive capacity stakeholder preferences. We suggest applying distinct resilience where provide particular leverage, deduce number lessons learned facilitate next generation assessments.

Language: Английский

Citations

13