Global rarity of intact coastal regions

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(4)

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Management of the land-sea interface is essential for global conservation and sustainability objectives because coastal regions maintain natural processes that support biodiversity livelihood billions people. However, assessments have focused strictly on either terrestrial or marine realm. Consequently, understanding overall state Earth's poor. We integrated human footprint cumulative impact maps in a assessment anthropogenic pressures affecting regions. Of globally, 15.5% had low pressure, mostly Canada, Russia, Greenland. Conversely, 47.9% were heavily affected by humanity, most countries (84.1%) >50% their degraded. Nearly half (43.3%) protected areas across exposed to high pressures. To meet objectives, all nations must undertake greater actions preserve restore within borders.costa, huella humana, impacto humano cumulativo, litoral, presión restauración, tierras vírgenes Resumen El manejo de la interfaz entre tierra y el mar es esencial para los objetivos mundiales conservación sustentabilidad ya que las regiones costeras mantienen procesos naturales sostienen biodiversidad al sustento miles millones personas. Sin embargo, análisis se han enfocado estrictamente en ámbito marino o terrestre, pero no ambos. Por consiguiente, conocimiento del estado general planeta muy pobre. Integramos terrestre humana mapas marinos cumulativo un presiones antropogénicas afectan áreas costeras. De todo mundo, tuvieron una antropogénica reducida, principalmente Canadá, Rusia Groenlandia. En cambio, estuvieron fuertemente afectas por humanidad, mayoría países sus litorales encuentran degradadas. Casi mitad protegidas tienen grado exposición fuertes humanas. Para cumplir sustentabilidad, todos deben emprender mejores acciones preservar restaurar dentro fronteras.

Language: Английский

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Demystifying ecological connectivity for actionable spatial conservation planning

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(12), P. 1079 - 1091

Published: Sept. 28, 2022

There is a disconnect between global high-level conservation goals and on-the-ground actions such as maintaining ecosystem services or persistence local planning of protected areas.Dynamic processes ecological connectivity underpin species resilience but are difficult to represent in mathematical spatial problems for areas.Quantitative SMART (specific – measurable action-oriented realistic time-bound) objectives can provide link regional design implementation functionally connected area networks.With current gaps commitments increasing climate change threats, there tremendous opportunity use quantifiable vehicle future-proof networks help achieve goals. Connectivity underpins the life; it needs inform biodiversity decisions. Yet, when prioritising areas developing actions, not being operationalised planning. The challenge translation flows associated with into that lead actions. nebulous, be abstract mean different things people, making include problems. Here, we show how included mathematically defining objectives. We path forward linking goals, species’ persistence. propose ways management gain benefit from connectivity. In world dwindling natural resources human pressures, aim ensure habitats persist future. Most notably, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) SDG14 (life below water) SDG15 on land), Convention Biological Diversity’s (CBD) post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework halt loss services. A dominant mechanism these will through area-based [1.Pressey R.L. et al.The mismeasure conservation.Trends Ecol. Evol. 2021; 36: 808-821Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar, 2.Garibaldi L.A. al.Working landscapes need at least 20% native habitat.Conserv. Lett. 14e12773Crossref (109) 3.Nicholson E. al.Scientific foundations an goal, milestones indicators framework.Nat. 5: 1338-1349Crossref (42) Scholar], specific achieving protection ‘well-connected systems’. (see Glossary) populations, species, communities, ecosystems, thus play pivotal role strategies (e.g., [4.Wood S.L.R. al.Missing interactions: state multispecies analysis.Front. 2022; 10830822Crossref (7) 5.Magris R.A. al.Biologically representative well-connected marine reserves enhance planning.Conserv. 2018; 11e12439Crossref (71) 6.Riginos C. Beger M. Incorporating genetic measures adaptation corals.in: van Oppen Aranda Lastra M.I. Coral Reef Conservation Restoration ‘Omics’ Age. Springer, 2022Crossref Scholar]). conceptual advancements tools quantitatively integrate across land, freshwater, systems still developed [5.Magris Scholar,7.Tulloch V.J.D. al.Minimizing cross-realm threats land-use change: national-scale framework connecting freshwater systems.Biol. Conserv. 254108954Crossref (13) 8.Hermoso V. al.Conservation realms: enhancing multi-realm species.J. Appl. 58: 644-654Crossref (10) 9.Daigle R. al.Operationalizing Marxan Connect.Methods 2020; 11: 570-579Crossref (52) 10.Heino J. al.Integrating dispersal proxies environmental research realm.Environ. Rev. 2017; 25: 334-349Crossref (81) Scholar]), only implemented fraction existing [11.Balbar A.C. Metaxas A. application areas.Global 2019; 17e00569PubMed Scholar,12.Ward al.Just ten percent terrestrial network structurally via intact land.Nat. Commun. 4563Crossref (87) Scholar]. this opinion article, define flow energy, materials, organisms space. At level, includes adult propagule dispersal, movement migration, interactions, ontogenetic linkages. Flow dynamic, variable, often spatially unconstrained (Box 1), generating considerable formulating both suitable metrics useful traditional approaches [9.Daigle Scholar,13.Keeley A.T.H. al.Connectivity monitoring.Biol. 255109008Crossref (41) Scholar,14.Jafari N. al.Achieving full sites multiperiod reserve problem.Comput. Oper. Res. 81: 119-127Crossref (16) variable characteristics scale have led diverse characterisations conservation, ranging wetland linkages amphibians [15.Heard G.W. al.Refugia sustain amphibian metapopulations afflicted by disease.Ecol. 2015; 18: 853-863Crossref (65) Scholar] recent exchange among populations [16.Xuereb al.Individual-based eco-evolutionary models understanding changing seas.Proc. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci. 288: 20212006PubMed (Table 1). Assessments estate highlight shortfalls capturing dynamic processes, connectivity, where 9.7% land [12.Ward two thirds critical animals conserved [17.Brennan al.Functional world’s areas.Science. 376: 1101-1104Crossref (35) 17% free-flowing rivers [18.Opperman J.J. al.Safeguarding rivers: extent areas.Sustainability. 13: 2805Crossref 90.5% less than 5% their ranges [19.Klein C.J. al.Shortfalls representing biodiversity.Sci. Rep. 17539Crossref (112) This gap because broad translate quantitative objectives, data measure acquire, no scientific consensus appropriate assess retention improvement [13.Keeley especially multiple Scholar].Box 1Types scales hinder its estimationA key hurdle including spatial–temporal complexity. directionality, constraint, vary physical process, properties environment, flowing entity (Figure I). These occur any medium river, ocean, air) metres continents, hemispheres, ocean basins. Ensuing may manifested relevant over time hours centuries even longer (as case evolutionary scales). Many either symmetrical along animal migration corridors) asymmetrical ontogeny, seed larva dispersal). variability measurements each case.Directed involve single, direction II). constrained, relatively low lateral variation upstream downstream salmon transport leaf litter,movement corridors, annual bird migrations continents basins). Directed high. result moving entity, example spread invasive/range-expanding coast boundary current, turtle foraging spawning grounds, ungulate seasonal feeding grounds.In diffuse flows, proceeds number directions, originate single source during oil spill, nesting aggregation) sources introductions non-native species) III). They also constrained clear corridors pathways detrital valleys basins, within particular ambit, invasive disease bounded habitat) possible propagules dispersed wind current.Figure IIDirected has easier conceptualise.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)Figure IIIDiffuse mixed strength extremely estimate.View (PPT)Table 1Connectivity value-laden concept. Selected contexts potential audiences applying concepts planningType connectivityDefinition/examplesReference definitionExample user groupLand–sea connectivityFlows sediment pollutants sea, rivers, sea[70.Suárez-Castro A.F. al.Global forest restoration opportunities foster coral reef conservation.Glob. Chang. 27: 5238-5252Crossref (12) Scholar]Ecologist, scientist, engineerOntogenetic connectivityMovement individuals occurring part life cycles (metres thousands km), e.g., amphibians[15.Heard Scholar,48.Kot C.Y. al.Network analysis sea movements connectivity: tool prioritization.Divers. Distrib. 28: 810-829Crossref (8) park managerCorridorsDistinct habitant patches linked facilitated. Disruption occurs due fragmentation[36.Keeley al.Thirty years planning: assessment factors influencing plan implementation.Environ. 14103001Crossref (55) Scholar]Environmental wildlife biologist, manager, tourism operatorPathogen dispersalAirborne fungal spores (regional continental scale, 50–5000 km)[46.Meyer al.Quantifying airborne routes pathogens safeguard wheat supply.Nat. Plants. 3: 780-786Crossref Scholar]EpidemiologistPollutant advection diffusionTransport sewage water)[54.Chaturvedi S.K. al.An spill detection using Sentinel 1 SAR-C images.J. Ocean Eng. 116-135Crossref (40) Scholar]Engineer, geophysicistDispersal connectivityThe juveniles distinct habitat patches. Scale highly dependent species[55.Hüssy K. al.Trace element patterns otoliths: biomineralization.Rev. Fish. Aquacult. 29: 445-477Crossref (79) Scholar,57.Lett al.Converging modeling air sea.Ecol. Model. 415108858Crossref (5) Scholar,58.Cecino G. Treml E.A. Local connections larval competency strongly influence metapopulation persistence.Ecol. 31e02302Crossref (6) Scholar,79.Harrison H.B. al.A portfolio effect stabilizes performance.Proc. Natl. Acad. U. S. 117: 25595Crossref (38) Scholar]Modeller, hydrodynamics engineer, oceanographer, ecologistMigrationThe scheduled individuals[47.Schuster al.Optimizing migratory cycle.Nat. 10: 1754Crossref (47) Scholar,83.Somveille general theory avian connectivity.Ecol. 24: 1848-1858Crossref Scholar]Wildlife ornithologist, operatorGenetic material nearby distant regions generations[16.Xuereb Scholar]Geneticist, ecologistTemporal connectivityLinkages shift time[51.Williams S.H. al.Incorporating optimal representation services.Conserv. 34: 934-942Crossref Scholar,84.Makino al.Spatio-temporal support high-latitude range expansion under change.Divers. 2014; 2014: 6-12Google Scholar]Climate ecologistEnergy flowTransport nutrients movement[39.Venarsky M.P. al.Spatial temporal fish community biomass energy throughout tropical river network.Freshw. 65: 1782-1792Crossref chemist Open table new tab case. grounds. (PPT) implementing explained fact concept broad, complex, means people times. many conceptualisations For example, manager Kenya most concerned enhances high-value, charismatic bring revenues experiences. By contrast, ecologist assisting Indo-Pacific value focus reefs aggregations [20.Beger priorities national policy.Nat. 6: 8208Crossref (99) climate-resilient [21.Beyer H. al.Risk-sensitive conserving rapid change.Conserv. 11e12587Crossref (122) As applied accounting perspectives stakeholders trade-offs, unified approach operationalise context One widely recognised, prioritised, historically forms which connect fragmented been impacted conversion Scholar,22.Hilty J.A. al.Corridor Ecology: Science Practice Conservation. Island Press, 2019Google Habitat fragmentation affects individuals, often, always [e.g., 23.Fahrig L. Ecological responses per se.Annu. Syst. 48: 1-23Crossref (598) reduces probabilities, mostly edge isolation effects [24.Fletcher R.J. al.Is good biodiversity?.Biol. 226: 9-15Crossref (326) interactions [25.Holyoak disturbance, seasonality, multi-year dynamics, dormancy Into dynamics metacommunities.Front. 8571130Crossref (18) However, corridor whilst important, addresses form structural serve few focal miss important unknown barriers [26.Merenlender A.M. al.Ecological species?.Theyra. 45-55Google ignore essential attributes needed retain functional matter energy. preserving [27.D'Aloia C.C. al.Coupled permanent change.Front. 7: 27Crossref (48) 28.Tittensor D.P. ocean.Sci. Adv. eaay9969Crossref (101) 29.Dunn D.C. importance policy.Proc. 286: 20191472PubMed plans lacking Scholar,18.Opperman Despite challenges, component CBD’s government policies targets. Spatial targets features prominently ongoing discussions. Our challenges facing ‘connectivity’ policy ambition become integrated deliver networks. recognise much progress made academic incorporating [8.Hermoso Scholar,30.Magris planning.Biol. 170: 207-221Crossref (138) 31.Andrello al.Additive supply fished areas.Divers. 21: 139-150Crossref (64) 32.Krueck N.C. MPA fisheries.Ecol. 925-941Crossref (70) 33.Dickson B.G. al.Circuit-theory applications science conservation.Conserv. 33: 239-249Crossref (178) transferability uptake methods real-world remains limited given explorations decision-makers ground social–economic considerations, equity, political realities) [34.Virtanen al.Marine analogues realm.Landsc. 35: 1021-1034Crossref (14) consequence, integration decisions practitioners fully realised though particularly addressing livelihoods [28.Tittensor overview organisms, achievement With examples, illustrate Planning protection, restoration, harvesting) long-term relates foundational principle adequacy Scholar,35.Kukkala A.S. Moilanen Core prioritisation systematic 2013; 88: 443-464Crossref (267) ensures coverage intensity enough maintain adaptive structured communities so they Scholar,36.Keeley Scholar,37.Jetz W. al.Include targets.Nat. 123-126Crossref Achieving requires continued integrity biological [38.Edelsparre A.H. al.Habitat determined strategy.Ecol. 8: 5508-5514Crossref (15) [39.Venarsky Scholar,40.Benkwitt C.E. al.Seabird nutrient subsidies alter algal abundance following bleaching event.Glob. 2619-2632Crossref (36) Flows carbon) subsidies) ecosystems achieved [41.Alberti complexity urban dynamics.Bioscience. 70: 772-793Crossref (58) Scholar,42.Olds A.D. seascape synthesis.Glob. Biogeogr. 2016; 3-15Crossref (107) genes amongst promoting diversity [6.Riginos Ree

Language: Английский

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GloSEM: High-resolution global estimates of present and future soil displacement in croplands by water erosion

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 13, 2022

Healthy soil is the foundation underpinning global agriculture and food security. Soil erosion currently most serious threat to health, leading yield decline, ecosystem degradation economic impacts. Here, we provide high-resolution (ca. 100 × m) estimates of displacement by water obtained using Revised-Universal-Soil-Loss-Equation-based Global Erosion Modelling (GloSEM) platform under present (2019) future (2070) climate scenarios (i.e. Shared Socioeconomic Pathway [SSP]1-Representative Concentration [RCP]2.6, SSP2-RCP4.5 SSP5-RCP8.5). GloSEM first modelling take into account regional farming systems, mitigation effects conservation (CA), change projections. We a set data, maps descriptive statistics support researchers decision-makers in exploring extent geography erosion, identifying probable hotspots, (with stakeholders) appropriate actions for mitigating In this regard, have also provided an Excel spreadsheet that can useful insights potential alternative CA at country level.

Language: Английский

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Integrated watershed management solutions for healthy coastal ecosystems and people

Cambridge Prisms Coastal Futures, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract Tropical coastal ecosystems are in decline worldwide due to an increasing suite of human activities, which threaten the biodiversity and wellbeing that these support. One major drivers is poor water quality from land-based activities. This review summarises evidence impacts ecosystems, particularly coral reefs, sediments, nutrients, chemicals pathogens entering zones through surface groundwater. We also assess how pollutants affect health populations through: (1) enhanced transmission infectious diseases; (2) reduced food availability nutritional deficit fisheries associated with degraded habitat; (3) poisoning consumption contaminated seafood. use this information identify opportunities for holistic approaches integrated watershed management (IWM) target overlapping ill-health downstream people. demonstrate appropriate requires taking a multi-sector, systems approach accounts socio-ecological feedbacks, collaboration required across environmental, agricultural, public health, water, sanitation hygiene sectors, as well land–sea interface. Finally, we provide recommendations key actions IWM can help achieve multiple sustainable development goals both nature people on coasts.

Language: Английский

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Assessing Effects of Sediment Delivery to Coral Reefs: A Caribbean Watershed Perspective

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

Coral reefs in the western Atlantic and Caribbean are deteriorating primarily from disease outbreaks, increasing seawater temperatures, stress due to land-based sources of pollutants including sediments associated with land use dredging. Sediments affect corals numerous ways smothering, abrasion, shading, inhibition coral recruitment. Sediment delivery resulting deposition water quality deterioration can cause degradation at spatial scale or entire reefs. We still lack rigorous long-term studies cover community composition before, during after major sediment stress, evidence recovery watershed management actions. Here we present an overview effects terrestrial on reefs, recent advances approaches assessment relevant these ecosystems. case northeastern watersheds illustrate challenges possible solutions draw conclusions about current state knowledge With a better understanding erosion pathways discharge nearshore there is increased potential for interventions.

Language: Английский

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Bio-physical determinants of sediment accumulation on an offshore coral reef: A snapshot study

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 895, P. 165188 - 165188

Published: June 27, 2023

Sediments are found on all coral reefs around the globe. However, amount of sediment in different reservoirs, and rates at which sediments move between can shape biological functioning reefs. Unfortunately, relatively few studies have examined reef dynamics, associated bio-physical drivers, simultaneously over matching spatial temporal scales. This has led to a partial understanding how living systems connected, especially clear-water offshore To address this problem, four reservoirs/sedimentary processes three drivers were quantified across seven habitats/depths Lizard Island, an exposed mid-shelf Great Barrier Reef. Even location substantial load suspended passed reef; theoretically capable replacing entire standing stock on-reef turf just 8 h. quantification actual deposition suggested that 2 % passing settled reef. The data also revealed marked incongruence (sediment trap data) accumulation (TurfPod profile, with flat back emerging as key areas both accumulation. By contrast, shallow windward crest was area but had limited capacity for These cross-reef patterns related wave energy geomorphology, low ecologically important aligning energy. findings reveal disconnect benthos, 'post-settlement' fate dependent local hydrodynamic conditions. From ecological perspective, suggests contextual constraints (wave geomorphology) may predispose some or high-load regimes.

Language: Английский

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Coral Reef Calculus: Nature’s Equation for Pollution Control

Water, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 1210 - 1210

Published: April 18, 2025

Coral reefs play an essential ecological role in maintaining marine water quality by naturally filtering contaminants. This study investigates the quantitative capability of coral reef ecosystems to reduce waterborne pollutants using biologically mediated processes. A systematic methodology, combining situ observations, laboratory simulations, and analytical modeling, was adopted determine filtration efficiency reefs. Remote sensing photogrammetry characterized morphology, while microbial consortia transformations polyp assimilation rates were quantified biochemical assays. Results demonstrated significant nutrient uptake polyps, particularly nitrogenous compounds, with higher removal efficiencies under stable salinity conditions. Temperature-induced stress found functionality. Enhanced sediment attenuation near structures improved coastal transparency. The integration vegetation buffers adjacent further augmented pollutant efficiency, combined strategies for effective pollution management.

Language: Английский

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The Global Biodiversity Framework can be leveraged to better manage transboundary watersheds

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(24)

Published: June 6, 2024

Emotions coordinate our behavior and physiological states during survival-salient events pleasurable interactions. Even though we are often consciously aware of current emotional state, such as anger or happiness, the mechanisms giving ...Emotions felt in body, somatosensory feedback has been proposed to trigger conscious experiences. Here reveal maps bodily sensations associated with different emotions using a unique topographical self-report method. In ...

Language: Английский

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Impact of soil erosion on soil organic carbon loss and its implications for carbon neutrality

Advances in agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Link marine restoration to marine spatial planning through ecosystem‐based management to maximize ocean regeneration

Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(11), P. 1387 - 1399

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Abstract The speed at which marine and coastal ecosystems are being degraded due to cumulative impacts limits the effectiveness of conservation strategies. To abate ocean degradation allow regeneration, planning needs be improved ecological restoration will needed. This study explores potential incorporating into spatial (MSP) anchored ecosystem‐based management (EBM), termed EB‐MSP, for maximizing regeneration. perspective explicitly brings both passive active restorations EB‐MSP in a broad holistic framework achieving recovery ecosystems, their functions valuable services. By proposing restoration‐focused framework, we highlight co‐benefits interlinking MSP through EBM core principles. Such benefits include scaling‐up effectiveness, greater guarantee that sustainability goals met improvements as an integrated tool with address climate change. Together, this promote regeneration alongside sustainable use prevent further much‐needed recovery.

Language: Английский

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