Biogeochemical extremes and compound events in the ocean

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 600(7889), P. 395 - 407

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Is Ocean Acidification Really a Threat to Marine Calcifiers? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of 980+ Studies Spanning Two Decades

Small, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(35)

Published: Aug. 7, 2022

Abstract Ocean acidification is considered detrimental to marine calcifiers, but mounting contradictory evidence suggests a need revisit this concept. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim critically re‐evaluate the prevailing paradigm of negative effects ocean on calcifiers. Based 5153 observations from 985 studies, many calcifiers (e.g., echinoderms, crustaceans, cephalopods) are found be tolerant near‐future (pH ≈ 7.8 by year 2100), coccolithophores, calcifying algae, corals appear sensitive. Calcifiers generally more sensitive at larval stage than adult stage. Over 70% in growth calcification non‐negative, implying acclimation capacity acidification. can mediated phenotypic plasticity physiological, mineralogical, structural, molecular adjustments), transgenerational plasticity, increased food availability, or species interactions. The results suggest that impacts less deleterious initially thought as their adaptability has been underestimated. Therefore, forthcoming era research, it advocated studying how organisms persist important they perish, future hypotheses experimental designs not constrained within effects.

Language: Английский

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Environmental (in)justice in the Anthropocene ocean

Marine Policy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 105383 - 105383

Published: Nov. 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms and Impacts of Earth System Tipping Elements

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Abstract Tipping elements are components of the Earth system which may respond nonlinearly to anthropogenic climate change by transitioning toward substantially different long‐term states upon passing key thresholds or “tipping points.” In some cases, such changes could produce additional greenhouse gas emissions radiative forcing that compound global warming. Improved understanding tipping is important for predicting future risks and their impacts. Here we review mechanisms, predictions, impacts, knowledge gaps associated with 10 notable proposed be elements. We evaluate approaching critical whether shifts manifest rapidly over longer timescales. Some have a higher risk crossing points under middle‐of‐the‐road pathways will possibly affect major ecosystems, patterns, and/or carbon cycling within 21st century. However, literature assessing scenarios indicates strong potential reduce impacts many through mitigation. The studies synthesized in our suggest most do not possess abrupt years, exhibit behavior, rather responding more predictably directly magnitude forcing. Nevertheless, uncertainties remain elements, highlighting an acute need further research modeling better constrain risks.

Language: Английский

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Genomics for monitoring and understanding species responses to global climate change

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 165 - 183

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

All life forms across the globe are experiencing drastic changes in environmental conditions as a result of global climate change. These happening rapidly, incur substantial socioeconomic costs, pose threats to biodiversity and diminish species' potential adapt future environments. Understanding monitoring how organisms respond human-driven change is therefore major priority for conservation rapidly changing environment. Recent developments genomic, transcriptomic epigenomic technologies enabling unprecedented insights into evolutionary processes molecular bases adaptation. This Review summarizes methods that apply integrate omics tools experimentally investigate, monitor predict species communities wild cope with change, which by genetically adapting new conditions, through range shifts or phenotypic plasticity. We identify advantages limitations each method discuss research avenues would improve our understanding responses highlighting need holistic, multi-omics approaches ecosystem during Species can shifting their these responses.

Language: Английский

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Triggers, cascades, and endpoints: connecting the dots of coral bleaching mechanisms

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(3), P. 715 - 752

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

ABSTRACT The intracellular coral–dinoflagellate symbiosis is the engine that underpins success of coral reefs, one most diverse ecosystems on planet. However, breakdown and loss microalgal symbiont (i.e. bleaching) due to environmental changes are resulting in rapid degradation reefs globally. There an urgent need understand cellular physiology bleaching at mechanistic level help develop solutions mitigate reef crisis. Here, unprecedented scope, we present novel models integrate putative mechanisms within a common framework according triggers (initiators bleaching, e.g. heat, cold, light stress, hypoxia, hyposalinity), cascades (cellular pathways, photoinhibition, unfolded protein response, nitric oxide), endpoints (mechanisms loss, apoptosis, necrosis, exocytosis/vomocytosis). supported by direct evidence from cnidarian systems, indirectly through comparative evolutionary analyses non‐cnidarian systems. With this approach, new have been established between initiated different triggers. In particular, provide insights into poorly understood connections highlight role mechanism i.e. ‘symbiolysosomal digestion’, which symbiophagy. This review also increases approachability for specialists non‐specialists mapping vast landscape atlas comprehensible detailed models. We then discuss major knowledge gaps how future research may improve understanding cascade pathways (endpoints).

Language: Английский

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Systematic review of the uncertainty of coral reef futures under climate change

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 12, 2024

Abstract Climate change impact syntheses, such as those by the Intergovernmental Panel on Change, consistently assert that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C is unlikely safeguard most of world’s coral reefs. This prognosis primarily based a small subset available models apply similar ‘excess heat’ threshold methodologies. Our systematic review 79 articles projecting reef responses climate revealed five main methods. ‘Excess constituted one third (32%) all studies but attracted disproportionate share (68%) citations in field. Most methods relied deterministic cause-and-effect rules rather than probabilistic relationships, impeding field’s ability estimate uncertainty. To synthesize projections, we aimed identify with comparable outputs. However, divergent choices model outputs and scenarios limited analysis fraction studies. We found substantial discrepancies projected impacts, indicating serving basis for syntheses may project more severe consequences other Drawing insights from fields, propose incorporate uncertainty into modeling approaches multi-model ensemble approach generating projections futures.

Language: Английский

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Cumulative risk of future bleaching for the world’s coral reefs

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(26)

Published: June 26, 2024

Spatial and temporal patterns of future coral bleaching are uncertain, hampering global conservation efforts to protect reefs against climate change. Our analysis daily projections ocean warming establishes the severity, annual duration, onset severe risk for this century, pinpointing vital climatic refugia. We show that low-latitude regions most vulnerable thermal stress will experience little reprieve from mitigation. By 2080, is likely start on in spring, rather than late summer, with year-round anticipated be high some regardless mitigate harmful greenhouse gasses. identifying Earth's reef at lowest accelerated bleaching, our results prioritize limit loss biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Research progresses and prospects of multi-sphere compound extremes from the Earth System perspective

Science China Earth Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 67(2), P. 343 - 374

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Impact of marine heatwaves and cold spells on coral reef ecosystem in a tropical region: a case study of Lombok Waters, Indonesia

Marine Systems & Ocean Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Language: Английский

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