Moving in the Anthropocene: Global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements

Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 359(6374), P. 466 - 469

Published: Jan. 25, 2018

Animal movement is fundamental for ecosystem functioning and species survival, yet the effects of anthropogenic footprint on animal movements have not been estimated across species. Using a unique GPS-tracking database 803 individuals 57 species, we found that mammals in areas with comparatively high human were average one-half to one-third extent their low footprint. We attribute this reduction behavioral changes individual animals exclusion long-range from higher impact. Global loss vagility alters key ecological trait affects only population persistence but also processes such as predator-prey interactions, nutrient cycling, disease transmission.

Language: Английский

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Human–Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 143 - 171

Published: Sept. 12, 2016

Human interactions with wildlife are a defining experience of human existence. These can be positive or negative. People compete for food and resources, have eradicated dangerous species; co-opted domesticated valuable applied wide range social, behavioral, technical approaches to reduce negative wildlife. This conflict has led the extinction reduction numerous species uncountable deaths economic losses. Recent advances in our understanding growing number conservation coexistence outcomes. I summarize synthesize factors that contribute conflict, mitigate encourage coexistence, emerging trends debates. Fertile areas scholarship include scale complexity, models scenarios, generalizable patterns, expanding boundaries what is considered using new tools technologies, information sharing collaboration, implications global change. The time may ripe identify field, anthrotherology, brings together scholars practitioners from different disciplinary perspectives address human–wildlife coexistence.

Language: Английский

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Linking anthropogenic resources to wildlife–pathogen dynamics: a review and meta‐analysis

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 483 - 495

Published: March 21, 2015

Abstract Urbanisation and agriculture cause declines for many wildlife, but some species benefit from novel resources, especially food, provided in human‐dominated habitats. Resulting shifts wildlife ecology can alter infectious disease dynamics create opportunities cross‐species transmission, yet predicting host–pathogen responses to resource provisioning is challenging. Factors enhancing such as increased aggregation, could be offset by better host immunity due improved nutrition. Here, we conduct a review meta‐analysis show that food results highly heterogeneous infection outcomes depend on pathogen type anthropogenic source. We also find empirical support behavioural immune mechanisms through which human‐provided resources exposure tolerance pathogens. A of recent theoretical models shows changes contact rates produce strong non‐linear invasion prevalence. By integrating our back into framework, amplifies under aggregation tolerance, reduces transmission if provisioned decreases dietary parasites. These carry implications management highlight areas future work, how might affect virulence evolution.

Language: Английский

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Fear of humans as apex predators has landscape‐scale impacts from mountain lions to mice

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 22(10), P. 1578 - 1586

Published: July 17, 2019

Apex predators such as large carnivores can have cascading, landscape-scale impacts across wildlife communities, which could result largely from the fear they inspire, although this has yet to be experimentally demonstrated. Humans supplanted apex in many systems, and similarly pervasive may now of human 'super predator'. We conducted a playback experiment demonstrating that sound humans speaking generates landscape with effects communities. Large avoided voices moved more cautiously when hearing humans, while medium-sized became elusive reduced foraging. Small mammals evidently benefited, increasing habitat use Thus, just predator at multiple trophic levels. Our results indicate globally observed on attributed anthropogenic activity explained by humans.

Language: Английский

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The global impacts of domestic dogs on threatened vertebrates

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 210, P. 56 - 59

Published: April 26, 2017

Language: Английский

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Paws without claws? Ecological effects of large carnivores in anthropogenic landscapes

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 283(1841), P. 20161625 - 20161625

Published: Oct. 26, 2016

Large carnivores are frequently presented as saviours of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning through their creation trophic cascades, an idea largely based on studies coming primarily out relatively natural landscapes. However, in large parts the world, particularly Europe, live returning to strongly human-modified ecosystems. At present, we lack a coherent framework predict effects these anthropogenic We review how human actions influence ecological roles by affecting density or behaviour those mesopredators prey species. argue that potential for density-mediated cascades landscapes is limited unproductive areas where even low carnivore numbers may impact densities landscape allowed reach ecologically functional densities. The behaviourally mediated be larger more widespread, because affect behaviour. conclude predator–prey interactions will highly context-dependent often attenuate carnivores. highlight knowledge gaps outline new research avenue study role

Language: Английский

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Multiple threats, or multiplying the threats? Interactions between invasive predators and other ecological disturbances

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 190, P. 60 - 68

Published: June 10, 2015

Language: Английский

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How are garbage dumps impacting vertebrate demography, health, and conservation?

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 12, P. 9 - 20

Published: Aug. 22, 2017

Organic waste can be considered a food subsidy which represents an important source of energy for different species that exploit it. However, it could produce contrasting impacts, both positive and negative. We reviewed terrestrial vertebrates (birds, mammals, reptiles amphibians) rubbish dumps, the impacts produces on them. analysed 159 articles including 98 are present in dumps. Studies come from all over world (including Antarctica), but mainly Europe, North America Africa. Impacts reported were manly (72.6%) around quarter showed negative impacts. Rubbish dumps provide resources may improve body condition, enhance reproductive performance abundance, survival rate, alter movements, they sustenance some endangered species. these places increase risk pathogen infections poisoning, responsible spread introduced-invasive favour conflicts between humans animals use Moreover, take advantage sites others do not Worldwide production makes this novel ecosystem shaping ecological communities. Therefore, spatial temporal effects wildlife should evaluated more deeply at worldwide scale considering current differences developing to developed countries.

Language: Английский

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Is CRISPR-based gene drive a biocontrol silver bullet or global conservation threat?

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 112(34), P. 10565 - 10567

Published: Aug. 13, 2015

Scientists have recognized the potential for applying gene drive technologies to control of invasive species several years (1, 2), yet debate about application has been primarily restricted mosquitoes (3). Recent developments in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 technology restarted discussions using (4).

Language: Английский

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Impacts and management of feral cats Felis catus in Australia

Mammal Review, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 47(2), P. 83 - 97

Published: Nov. 21, 2016

Abstract Feral cats are among the most damaging invasive species worldwide, and implicated in many extinctions, especially Australia, New Zealand other islands. Understanding reducing their impacts is a global conservation priority. We review knowledge about management of feral identify priorities for research management. In well understood significant impact predation on threatened mammals. Other include vertebrates, resource competition, disease transmission, but these remains limited. Lethal control common form management, particularly via specifically designed poison baits. Non‐lethal techniques fire, grazing, food, trophic cascades. Managing interactions between processes key to success. Given limitations efficacy cat mammals has required establishment insurance populations predator‐free islands fenced mainland enclosures. Research to: prevent from driving extinction; assess new tools; trial options ecosystem management; increase potential native fauna coexist with cats.

Language: Английский

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