Biotic homogenisation and differentiation as directional change in beta diversity: synthesising driver–response relationships to develop conceptual models across ecosystems

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 98(4), P. 1388 - 1423

Published: April 18, 2023

ABSTRACT Biotic homogenisation is defined as decreasing dissimilarity among ecological assemblages sampled within a given spatial area over time. differentiation, in turn, increasing Overall, changes the dissimilarities (termed ‘beta diversity’) an increasingly recognised feature of broader biodiversity change Anthropocene. Empirical evidence biotic and differentiation remains scattered across different ecosystems. Most meta‐analyses quantify prevalence direction beta diversity, rather than attempting to identify underlying drivers such changes. By conceptualising mechanisms that contribute or composition space, environmental managers conservation practitioners can make informed decisions about what interventions may be required sustain predict potential outcomes future disturbances. We systematically reviewed synthesised published empirical for terrestrial, marine, freshwater realms derive conceptual models explain diversity. pursued five key themes our review: ( i ) temporal change; ii disturbance regime; iii connectivity alteration species redistribution; iv habitat v trophic interactions. Our first model highlights how occur function local (alpha) diversity regional (gamma) independently invasions losses due occurrence assemblages. Second, magnitude depends on interaction between variation (patchiness) (synchronicity) events. Third, context redistribution, divergent have dispersal characteristics, associated with also strongly alpha gamma prior invasion. Fourth, positively linked variability, when heterogeneity decreases increases, respectively. Fifth, interactions influence via modification, disease, consumption (trophic dynamics), competition, by altering ecosystem productivity. synthesis multitude cause more less spatially similar (taxonomically, functionally, phylogenetically) through consider studies should aim enhance collective understanding systems clarifying driving focusing only reporting per se .

Language: Английский

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The worldwide networks of spread of recorded alien species

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 120(1)

Published: Dec. 27, 2022

Our ability to predict the spread of alien species is largely based on knowledge previous invasion dynamics individual species. However, in view large and growing number species, understanding universal patterns common among taxa but specific regions would considerably improve our future biological invasions. Here, using a comprehensive dataset years first record for four major groups (birds, nonmarine fishes, insects, vascular plants), we applied network approach uncover frequent sequential recordings across countries worldwide. analysis identified few as consistent early recorders with many subsequent records reported from close geographic vicinity. These findings indicate that consists two levels, backbone main dispersal hubs, driving intercontinental movement, intracontinental radiative their Geographical proximity climatic similarity were significant predictors same-species recording countries. International trade was predictor relative timing recordings, having higher levels flows consistently earlier. Targeting have emerged hubs may substantial cascading effects global significantly reducing Furthermore, these early-warning system upcoming invasions also boost national prevention preparedness efforts.

Language: Английский

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Global economic costs of herpetofauna invasions

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: July 28, 2022

Abstract Biological invasions by amphibian and reptile species (i.e. herpetofauna) are numerous widespread, having caused severe impacts on ecosystems, the economy human health. However, there remains no synthesised assessment of economic costs these invasions. Therefore, using most comprehensive database invasive alien worldwide (InvaCost), we analyse herpetofauna according to taxonomic, geographic, sectoral temporal dimensions, as well types costs. The cost totaled at 17.0 billion US$ between 1986 2020, divided split into 6.3 for amphibians, 10.4 reptiles 334 million mixed classes. were associated predominantly with only two (brown tree snake Boiga irregularis American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus ), 10.3 6.0 in costs, respectively. Costs remaining 19 reported relatively minor (< 0.6 US$), they entirely unavailable over 94% known worldwide. Also, positively correlated research effort, suggesting biases towards well-known taxa. So far, have been dominated predictions extrapolations (79%), thus empirical observations impact scarce. activity sector affected amphibians was authorities-stakeholders through management (> 99%), while reptiles, mostly damages sectors (65%). Geographically, Oceania Pacific Islands recorded 63% total followed Europe (35%) North America (2%). Cost reports generally increased time but peaked 2011 2015 2006 2010 reptiles. A greater effort studying is necessary a more complete understanding invasion species. We emphasise need control prevention policies concerning spread current future herpetofauna.

Language: Английский

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Half of global islands have reached critical area thresholds for undergoing rapid increases in biological invasions

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2025)

Published: June 1, 2024

Biological invasions are among the threats to global biodiversity and social sustainability, especially on islands. Identifying threshold of area at which non-native species begin increase abruptly is crucial for early prevention strategies. The small-island effect (SIE) was proposed quantify nonlinear relationship between native richness but has not yet been applied thus predict key breakpoints established start rapidly. Based an extensive dataset, including 769 birds, mammals, amphibians reptiles 4277 islands across 54 archipelagos, we detected a high prevalence SIEs 66.7% archipelagos. Approximately 50% have reached may be undergoing rapid in biological invasions. were more likely occur those archipelagos with introduction events, historical species, lower habitat diversity larger archipelago range. Our findings important implications only targeted surveillance also predicting responses both ongoing fragmentation under sustained land-use modification climate change.

Language: Английский

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Temporal dynamics and global flows of insect invasions in an era of globalization

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Human-mediated transport has led to the establishment of more than 6,700 non-native insect species with wide-ranging effects on ecosystems, economies and human health. Understanding how different aspects globalization affect spread insects is crucial reducing their effects. In this Review, we explore current historical patterns, drivers dynamics global invasions facilitated by humans since prehistory. Multiple history have influenced invasion dynamics, including agricultural practices in Neolithic period, advent early empires trade routes, colonization, geopolitical events, wars economic crises. Technological innovations such as steam ships, containerization internet further accelerated invasions. Spatial patterns are characterized frequent secondary via bridgehead populations, asymmetric intercontinental flows originating disproportionally from Europe, biotic homogenization communities. Insect predicted increase dramatically will shift, especially opening routes introduction pathways. Inspection at ports entry detection systems inform mitigation efforts. Future interdisciplinary collaborations integrate knowledge diverse emerging data sources technologies, advancing our understanding biology. Global increasing, driven advances technology. This Review discusses increasing worldwide, strategies for future

Language: Английский

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ReptIslands: Mediterranean islands and the distribution of their reptile fauna

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(5), P. 840 - 847

Published: March 20, 2022

Abstract Aim Analyses of biogeographical patterns and macroecology islands require large datasets reporting the occurrence species. The Mediterranean region is a biodiversity hotspot, which hosts number reptile species has been focus many studies. Nevertheless, comprehensive inventories describing features these environments are lacking. We gathered dataset summarizing data on distribution basin Macaronesia, also including detailed information geographical features. Location Islands from Basin, Atlantic Ocean within region, Macaronesia (Canary Savage Islands, Azores, Madeira Cape Verde). Time period Present. Taxon Reptiles (squamates turtles). Methods Initially, we developed database study then occurrences 757 bibliographical sources, atlases, published papers grey literature. Through critical review obtained status populations (native, island endemic or non‐native) reliability data. Results basic 1875 covering whole with very broad range >4150 records islands, referring to 198 taxonomic units (species complexes); population was available for 84.9% records. Data provided as comma‐delimited text files. Main conclusions provides key resource analyses can serve backbone conservation availability be useful biogeographers working other groups. more required some areas, in order ascertain (e.g., native vs. understand interplay between natural human‐driven processes.

Language: Английский

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Who is reporting non‐native species and how? A cross‐expert assessment of practices and drivers of non‐native biodiversity reporting in species regional listing

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(5)

Published: May 1, 2023

Abstract Each year, hundreds of scientific works with species' geographical data are published. However, these can be challenging to identify, collect, and integrate into analytical workflows due differences in reporting structures, storage formats, the omission or inconsistency relevant information terminology. These difficulties tend aggravated for non‐native species, given varying attitudes toward species existence an additional layer invasion‐related Thus, our objective is identify current practices drivers literature. We conducted online survey targeting authors regional checklists—a widely published source biogeographical data—where we asked about habits perceptions regarding taxa. The responses relationships between response variables predictors were analyzed using descriptive statistics ordinal logistic regression models. With a rate 22.4% ( n = 113), found that nearly half respondents (45.5%) do not always report taxa, those who report, many (44.7%) differentiate them from native Close (46.4%) also view terminology biological invasions as obstacle ways which checklist provided varied, but mainly correspond text embedded tables (when given) mentioned alongside species. Only 13.4% mention provide automation‐friendly formats its publication biodiversity repositories. Data on distribution essential monitoring global change preventing invasions. Despite importance results show urgent need improve frequency, accessibility, consistency data.

Language: Английский

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Bridgehead effects distort global flows of alien species

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(11), P. 2180 - 2189

Published: July 26, 2021

Abstract Aim A major goal of invasion biology is to understand global species flows between donor and recipient regions. Our current view such assumes that are moved directly from their native introduced range. However, if populations serve as bridgehead generate additional introductions, tracing intercontinental regions misrepresents the introduction history. aim was assess what extent effects distort our flows. Location Global. Methods We separately mapped “flows” 252 alien ant established on one six continents, representing a gradient relatively certain completely unreliable To importance in distorting flows, we first quantified proportion cosmopolitan per country. high would indicate exclusively range these countries unreliable. then tested obtained mapping exotic continent continents differed can be linked trade Results In 83% countries, more than 50% ants were indicating Flows single while including not trade. Main conclusion It crucial account for when assessing biogeography species. This urgent improving understanding how around planet.

Language: Английский

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Precise knowledge of commodity trade is needed to understand invasion flows

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(8), P. 467 - 473

Published: May 26, 2022

Globalization has led to the unintentional movement of thousands species around world, necessitating a better understanding how are spread by international trade prevent new invasions. However, date, evidence implicating global in intercontinental flows been mixed. Here, we show that commonly used proxies trade, such as general and agricultural imports, fail explain invasion alien ants from donor regions continental US. Analysis 97 individual commodity revealed instead plant fruit imports – small subset all commodities were primarily associated with ants. The transport patterns 95 other commodities, including most “agricultural” differed those Our findings highlight need determine precisely which serve introduction pathways for particular taxon order account identify likely source future invasions world evolving relationships.

Language: Английский

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The current and future distribution of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) on Madeira Island

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. e0010715 - e0010715

Published: Sept. 12, 2022

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector for several diseases of global importance, such as dengue and yellow fever. This species was first identified on Madeira Island in 2005, between 2012 2013 responsible an outbreak that affected thousand people. However, potential distribution island remains poorly investigated. Here we assess suitability current future climatic conditions to complement this assessment with estimates land use human settlement conditions. We used four modelling algorithms (boosted regression trees, generalized additive models, linear models random forest) data worldwide across island. For both non-climatic factors, predicted good accuracy (mean area under Receiver Operating Characteristic curve = 0.88 ±0.06, mean true skill statistic 0.72 ±0.1). Minimum temperature coldest month most influential predictor, while population density, residential housing density public spaces were predictors describing Suitable areas climates are occur mainly warmer densely inhabited coastal southern part island, where already established. By mid-century (2041–2060), extent climatically suitable expected increase, towards higher altitudes eastern Our work shows ongoing efforts monitor prevent spread Ae . will have increasingly consider effects climate change.

Language: Английский

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