Total ecosystem blue carbon stocks and sequestration potential along a naturally regenerated mangrove forest chronosequence

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 527, P. 120611 - 120611

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Refining greenhouse gas emission factors for Indonesian peatlands and mangroves to meet ambitious climate targets

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(17)

Published: April 15, 2024

For countries’ emission-reduction efforts under the Paris Agreement to be effective, baseline emission/removals levels and reporting must as transparent accurate possible. Indonesia, which holds among largest area of tropical peatlands mangrove forest in world, it is particularly important for these high-carbon ecosystems produce high-accuracy greenhouse gas inventory improve national reference emissions level/forest level. Here, we highlight opportunity refining emission factors (EF) mangroves describe scientific challenges support climate policy processes where 55 59% reduction targets by 2030 depend on mitigation Forestry Other Land Use. Based stock-difference flux change approaches, examine higher-tier EF drained rewetted peatland, peatland fires, conversions, future Indonesia. We suggest that refinements will essential Indonesia achieving Forest Use net sink zero 2060 or earlier.

Language: Английский

---

Mangrove carbon stocks in Pongara National Park, Gabon

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 259, P. 107432 - 107432

Published: May 31, 2021

Mangroves are recognized for their valued ecosystem services to coastal areas, and the functional linkages between those carbon stocks have been established. However, spatially explicit inventories necessary facilitate management protection of mangroves, as well providing a foundation payment service programs such REDD+. We conducted an inventory in mangroves within Pongara National Park (PNP), Gabon using stratified random sampling design based on forest canopy height derived from TanDEM-X remote sensing data. Ecosystem pools, including aboveground belowground biomass necromass, soil depth 2 m were assessed measurements samples plots distributed among three classes park. There two mangrove species area PNP, Rhizophora racemosa R. harrisonii. harrisonii was predominant sparse, low-stature stands that dominated west side In east park, both occurred tall-stature stands, with tree often exceeding 30 m. Canopy effective means stratify area, significantly different classes. Despite differences biomass, density not Soils main component stock, accounting over 84% total. The ranged 644 943 Mg C ha−1 stock PNP is estimated be 40,588 Gg C. combination pre-inventory information about stand conditions spatial distribution assessment obtained data decision support system fundamental implementing this relatively large-scale field inventory. This work exemplifies how can quantified augment national reporting statistics, provide baseline projects involving monitoring, verification (i.e., MRV), composition structure sustainable conservation practices.

Language: Английский

---

Predicting mangrove forest dynamics across a soil salinity gradient using an individual-based vegetation model linked with plant hydraulics

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. 1813 - 1832

Published: March 31, 2022

Abstract. In mangrove forests, soil salinity is one of the most significant environmental factors determining forest distribution and productivity as it limits plant water uptake carbon gain. However, control on through hydraulics has not been investigated by existing models. Here we present a new individual-based model linked with to incorporate physiological characterization growth under salt stress. Plant was associated mangroves' nutrient biomass allocation apart from flux The developed performed for two coexisting species – Rhizophora stylosa Bruguiera gymnorrhiza in subtropical Japan. predicted that both affected downregulation stomatal conductance. Under low-soil-salinity conditions (< 28 ‰), B. trees grew faster suppressed R. shading resulted gymnorrhiza-dominated forest. As increased, significantly reduced compared stylosa, which led an increase despite enhanced stress (> 30 ‰). These patterns structures across gradient remarkably agreed field data, highlighting tree competition shape structures. reproducibility also supported self-thinning processes, likewise data. Aside salinity, seasonal dynamics atmospheric variables (solar radiation temperature) were highlighted influence region. This principle-based improved potential be extended other forests various settings, thus contributing better understanding future global climate change.

Language: Английский

---

Carbon stocks and fluxes in Asia-Pacific mangroves: current knowledge and gaps

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 044002 - 044002

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Abstract Mangrove forest plays a key role in regulating climate change, earth carbon cycling and other biogeochemical processes within blue ecosystems. Therefore, mangrove forests should be incorporated into Earth system models with the aim of understanding future change. Despite multiple stock flux assessments taking place over past couple decades, concrete knowledge source/sink patterns is largely lacking, particularly biodiversity-rich Asia-Pacific (AP) region its 68 493 km 2 area. Thus, to understand gaps research AP region, we summarize recent decade-long inventory pools (aboveground, belowground soil) components (burial, export/import, soil-air water-air CO flux) across 25 countries current gaps. While individual are available for all countries, whole ecosystem stocks—including live standing dead aboveground belowground, downed woody debris soil stocks—are often even highly researched like Indonesia. There restricted around fluxes 55% suggesting poor region. Focusing on components, reports sediment-to-sea exports extremely limited (coming from just nine region). notable scarcity data export Indonesian mangroves. Given mangroves play change mitigation worldwide, more detailed methodologically comparable investigation required better this large source global stocks fluxes, hence, climate.

Language: Английский

---

Salinity‐induced limits to mangrove canopy height

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(9), P. 1561 - 1574

Published: June 21, 2023

Abstract Aim Mangrove canopy height is a key metric to assess tidal forests' resilience in the face of climate change. In terrestrial forests, tree primarily determined by water availability, plant hydraulic design, and disturbance regime. However, role stress remains elusive environments, where saturated soils are prevalent, salinity can substantially affect soil potential. Location Global. Time Period The dataset provides global snapshot maximum mangrove geographical distribution for year 2000. Climate environmental variables extend over period 1970–2018. Major Taxa Studied Mangroves. Methods We use observations height, species richness, air temperature, seawater salinity—a proxy salt concentration—to explore causal link between stature. Results Our findings suggest that limits height. High favours more salt‐tolerant species, narrowing spectrum viable traits. Highly mangroves have evolved cope with high concentrations soil, but this adaptation comes at cost. They typically lower rates photosynthesis growth, resulting reduced productivity smaller stature compared salt‐sensitive species. This suggests salinity, biodiversity, selects tend be less productive shorter. Conclusions hypothesize salinity‐induced limit direct result reduction primary productivity, an increment risk xylem cavitation, indirect consequence decrease biodiversity. As sea‐level rise enhances coastal salinisation, failure account these effects lead incorrect estimates future carbon stocks Tropical ecosystems endanger preservation efforts.

Language: Английский

---

Mangrove Biodiversity, Conservation and Roles for Livelihoods in Indonesia

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Indonesia is an archipelagic nation that comprises more than 17,504 islands and hosts the largest mangrove forest area in world, consisting of 2.7 million ha 2020. Mangrove forests distribute across all 34 provinces, with major areas distributed Eastern region. Papua province has 26.6% followed by West (17.5%), East Kalimantan (7.5%) North (5.6%). Mangroves deltaic estuary settings are developed a relatively large islands, while oceanic mangroves typically occur small particularly Sulawesi Maluku regions. flora 157 species, which 52 tree species (true mangrove), 21 shrubs, 13 liana, 7 palms, 14 grasses, 8 herbs, 3 parasites, 36 epiphytes ferns. There approximately 122 invertebrates, 45 fishes 148 terrestrial fauna found Indonesian mangroves. have faced direct human-made threats including deforestation conversion to other land uses. Despite facing anthropogenic non-anthropogenic disturbances, provide great benefits support livelihoods millions coastal communities Indonesia. On hand, maintaining natural important functions contributing climate change mitigation adaptation.

Language: Английский

---

Climate vs. nutrient control: A global analysis of driving environmental factors of wetland plant biomass allocation strategy

Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 406, P. 136983 - 136983

Published: March 29, 2023

Language: Английский

---

An Improved Framework for Estimating Organic Carbon Content of Mangrove Soils Using loss-on-ignition and Coastal Environmental Setting

Wetlands, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(6)

Published: June 22, 2023

The use of loss on ignition (LOI) measurements soil organic matter (SOM) to estimate carbon (OC) content is a decades-old practice. While there are limitations and uncertainties this approach, it continues be necessary for many coastal wetlands researchers conservation practitioners without access an elemental analyzer. Multiple measurement, reporting, verification (MRV) standards recognize the need (and uncertainty) using method. However, no framework exists explain substantial differences among equations that relate SOM OC; consequently, equation selection can haphazard process leading widely divergent inaccurate estimates. To address lack clarity, we used dataset 1,246 samples from 17 mangrove regions in North, Central, South America, calculated OC conversion six unique types environmental setting. A provided understanding selecting based study region's whether mineral sediments primarily terrigenous or carbonate origin. This approach identifies positive dependence slopes regional mean indicates distinction between settings with (± 1 S.E.) OC:SOM 0.47 (0.002) 0.32 (0.018). framework, focusing settings, reminder global variability encourages continued investigation broadscale factors contribute formation change blue settings.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13157-023-01698-z.

Language: Английский

---

Mangrove tree strength estimated with field experiments

Ecological Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 203, P. 107259 - 107259

Published: April 27, 2024

Mangrove forests protect coastal communities from wind and wave energy, including during extreme events such as cyclones tsunamis. Under conditions, energy absorption often exceeds mangrove tree strength, resulting in broken stems uprooted trees. Such damage can restructure community composition function for decades. Predicting the vulnerability of to external forces is critical understanding likelihood forest structural change damaging events. Despite importance predictions, we have little mechanistic strength. We measured strength across three root types (prop roots, pneumatophores, buttress roots) using static pulling tests. applied a non-destructive load trees winch, related force bending induced tree. Mangroves were stronger than terrestrial trees, per unit size, this scaled was similar species different types. Un-scaled increased exponentially with towards asymptote largest Enhanced empirical knowledge understand protection services provided by diverse forests, particularly future global climate occurrence storms.

Language: Английский

---