Oxidation Products of Tryptophan and Proline in Adipokinetic Hormones—Artifacts or Post-Translational Modifications? DOI Creative Commons

Simone König,

Heather G. Marco, Gerd GÄde

et al.

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 2315 - 2315

Published: Dec. 10, 2023

Background: Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) regulate important physiological processes in insects. AKHs are short peptides with blocked termini and Trp position 8. Often, proline occupies 6. Few post-translational modifications have been found, including hydroxyproline ([Hyp6]) kynurenine. Our recent data suggest that the Hyp- Kyn-containing occur more often than originally thought we here investigate if they natural or artifactual. Methods: From crude extracts of corpora cardiaca (CC) various insect species, were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Synthetic [Hyp6]-AKHs tested an vivo metabolic assay. Freshly dissected Periplaneta americana Blaberus atropos CCs (with precautions taken against oxidation) analyzed. B. CC placed into a depolarizing saline released measured. Results: Hyp was detected several decapeptides from cockroaches. The modified form accompanied AKH at concentrations below 7%. present fresh preparations shown be releasable ex vivo. [Hyp6]-containing positively hypertrehalosemic bioassay. Hydroxyprolination also for Manto-CC termite Kalotermes flavicollis Tetsu-AKH grasshopper, Tetrix subulata. Oxidized Trp-containing forms Nicve-AKH found species burying beetle genus Nicrophorus. Conclusions: oxidation is known easily during sample handling likely reason findings. For hydroxyprolination, however, experimental evidence suggests endogenous processes.

Language: Английский

The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) superfamily across Pancrustacea/Tetraconata: A role in metabolism? DOI Creative Commons
Heather G. Marco, Susan Glendinning, Tomer Ventura

et al.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 590, P. 112238 - 112238

Published: April 13, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Suppression of Adipokinetic hormones enhances Ascovirus HvAV-3 h killing speed in Helicoverpa armigera DOI
Zhengkun Xiao,

Jiajun Gao,

Jun Tang

et al.

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 208, P. 106303 - 106303

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Structural Diversity of Adipokinetic Hormones in the Coleopteran Suborder Polyphaga (Excluding Cucujiformia) DOI Creative Commons
Gerd GÄde,

Simone König,

Heather G. Marco

et al.

Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 118(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Beetles are the largest animal group, in general. Phylogenetically, beetles belong to order Coleoptera, most species-rich of Insecta. Coleoptera is divided into four suborders: Polyphaga, Adephaga, Archostemata, and Myxophaga. Specimens from latter two difficult obtain, hence, we have focused our research adipokinetic hormone (AKH) peptide family on former suborders. Data Adephaga were concluded 2017. The "core Polyphaga" consists three series: Elateriformia, Staphyliniformia, Cucujiformia; was 2019. Here, report AKH sequence(s) 23 species 4 families namely, Buprestidae, Cantharidae, Elateridae, Lampyridae; Hydrophilidae, Silphidae, Lucanidae, Scarabaeidae. Sequence elucidation by mass spectrometry or Edman degradation revealed 13 octapeptides: 5 novel, 12 beetle-specific Schgr-AKH-II produced basal Polyphaga (Elateriformia, Hydrophilididae Silphidae). Since also found this confirms ancestral Coleoptera. first change sequence recorded Staphylinoidea with different residues, notably, switch Phe4 Tyr4. Duplication peptides seen as well appearance atypical sequences, such Phe2, Met4, Leu4, Phe7 encountered Scarabaeoidea. vast majority pest do not AKHs share same nonharmful beetles. Ideas for finding a lead compound green insecticides discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Adipokinetic Hormones and Their Receptor Regulate the Locomotor Behavior in Tribolium castaneum DOI Creative Commons

Roujian Lu,

Xiaochuan Pang,

S H Wen

et al.

Insects, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 407 - 407

Published: April 12, 2025

The regulation of locomotor behavior is essential for insects to perform their life activities. central nervous system plays a pivotal role in modulating physiological behaviors, particularly movement, with neuropeptides serving as key modulators these processes. Among these, adipokinetic hormone (AKH) was originally identified neurohormone involved lipid mobilization. This study investigates the functional AKHs (AKH1 and AKH2) receptor (AKHR) regulating locomotion red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Using calcium reporter assays, we demonstrated that AKHR activated by two mature AKH peptides from T. castaneum, half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) falling within nanomolar range. Gene expression analysis confirmed presence AKH1 AKH2 transcripts brain, while localized fat body carcass. silencing or through RNA interference resulted significant reduction both movement distance duration. Collectively, findings highlight regulatory influence AKH/AKHR signaling activity thereby advancing our understanding molecular mechanisms underlying control this economically important insect species.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Predicted novel hypertrehalosaemic peptides of cockroaches are verified by mass spectrometry DOI Creative Commons
Heather G. Marco,

Simone König,

Gerd GÄde

et al.

Amino Acids, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 55(11), P. 1641 - 1654

Published: Oct. 26, 2023

Small neuropeptides from the corpora cardiaca are responsible in cockroaches for mobilisation of trehalose fat body into haemolymph. Such hypertrehalosaemic hormones (HrTHs) belong to large family insect adipokinetic (AKHs); a few HrTHs were previously sequenced cockroaches, and genomic and/or transcriptomic information one may predict genes encoding more species. Definite elucidation primary structure mature peptide with putative modifications needs analytical chemical methods. In current study, we use high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled liquid chromatography identify unequivocally 13 cockroach Either genomic/transcriptomic was available most species examined, or related We confirm predicted novel sequences find hydroxyproline modification majority peptides. The decapeptides structurally close Bladi-HrTH, which is found all seven investigated blaberid subfamilies. Bladi-HrTH peptides elicit response Periplaneta americana, blattid cockroach.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Mass Spectrometric Proof of Predicted Peptides: Novel Adipokinetic Hormones in Insects DOI Creative Commons
Heather G. Marco,

Simone König,

Gerd GÄde

et al.

Molecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(19), P. 6469 - 6469

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

The importance of insects in our ecosystems is undeniable. indiscriminate use broad-spectrum insecticides a factor the decline insect biomass. We identify and sequence prominent neuropeptide hormone with an overarching goal to elucidate relatedness create database bioactive peptides that could inform possible cross-activity biological assays for identification biorational lead compound. major task adipokinetic (AKH) regulation metabolic events, such as carbohydrate lipid breakdown storage tissue during intense muscular work. From genomic and/or transcriptomic information one may predict genes encoding neuropeptides AKHs insects. Definite elucidation primary structure mature peptide putative post-translational modifications needs analytical chemical methods. Here we high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled liquid chromatography unequivocally five species (one cockroach, two moths, flies) which either genomic/transcriptomic was available or sequences from related species. confirm predicted discover novel AKH sequences, including hydroxyproline modification. additional affirm evolutionary pattern dipteran conserved crambid moths.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Oxidation Products of Tryptophan and Proline in Adipokinetic Hormones—Artifacts or Post-Translational Modifications? DOI Creative Commons

Simone König,

Heather G. Marco, Gerd GÄde

et al.

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 2315 - 2315

Published: Dec. 10, 2023

Background: Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) regulate important physiological processes in insects. AKHs are short peptides with blocked termini and Trp position 8. Often, proline occupies 6. Few post-translational modifications have been found, including hydroxyproline ([Hyp6]) kynurenine. Our recent data suggest that the Hyp- Kyn-containing occur more often than originally thought we here investigate if they natural or artifactual. Methods: From crude extracts of corpora cardiaca (CC) various insect species, were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Synthetic [Hyp6]-AKHs tested an vivo metabolic assay. Freshly dissected Periplaneta americana Blaberus atropos CCs (with precautions taken against oxidation) analyzed. B. CC placed into a depolarizing saline released measured. Results: Hyp was detected several decapeptides from cockroaches. The modified form accompanied AKH at concentrations below 7%. present fresh preparations shown be releasable ex vivo. [Hyp6]-containing positively hypertrehalosemic bioassay. Hydroxyprolination also for Manto-CC termite Kalotermes flavicollis Tetsu-AKH grasshopper, Tetrix subulata. Oxidized Trp-containing forms Nicve-AKH found species burying beetle genus Nicrophorus. Conclusions: oxidation is known easily during sample handling likely reason findings. For hydroxyprolination, however, experimental evidence suggests endogenous processes.

Language: Английский

Citations

2