Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity

Nature, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 486(7401), P. 59 - 67

Published: June 1, 2012

Language: Английский

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New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide

Australian Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 61(3), P. 167 - 167

Published: Jan. 1, 2013

Plant functional traits are the features (morphological, physiological, phenological) that represent ecological strategies and determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels influence ecosystem properties. Variation in plant traits, trait syndromes, has proven useful for tackling many important questions at a range of scales, giving rise demand standardised ways measure ecologically meaningful traits. This line research been among most fruitful avenues understanding evolutionary patterns processes. It also potential both build predictive set local, regional global relationships between environment quantify wide natural human-driven processes, including changes biodiversity, impacts species invasions, alterations biogeochemical processes vegetation–atmosphere interactions. The importance these topics dictates urgent need more better data, increases value protocols quantifying variation different species, particular with power predict plant- ecosystem-level can be measured relatively easily. Updated expanded from widely used previous version, this handbook retains focus on clearly presented, applicable, step-by-step recipes, minimum text theory, not only includes updated methods previously covered, but introduces new further balance whole-plant leaf root stem regenerative puts emphasis predicting species’ effects key We hope becomes standard companion local efforts learn about responses respect present, past future.

Language: Английский

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Global effects of land use on local terrestrial biodiversity

Nature, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 520(7545), P. 45 - 50

Published: March 31, 2015

Language: Английский

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The world‐wide ‘fast–slow’ plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 102(2), P. 275 - 301

Published: Feb. 19, 2014

Summary The leaf economics spectrum (LES) provides a useful framework for examining species strategies as shaped by their evolutionary history. However, that spectrum, originally described, involved only two key resources (carbon and nutrients) one of three economically important plant organs. Herein, I evaluate whether the idea can be broadly extended to water – third resource –stems, roots entire plants individual, community ecosystem scales. My overarching hypothesis is strong selection along trait trade‐off axes, in tandem with biophysical constraints, results convergence any taxon on uniformly fast, medium or slow strategy (i.e. rates acquisition processing) all organs resources. Evidence economic spectra exists stems well leaves, traits related carbon nutrients. These apply generally within across scales (within communities, climate zones, biomes lineages). There are linkages coupling among resources, resulting an integrated whole‐plant spectrum. Species capable moving rapidly have low tissue density, short life span high flux at organ individual reverse true strategy. Different may different conditions, but being fast respect requires others, general feature species. Economic influence performance fitness consistent trait‐based theory about underlying adaptive mechanisms. Traits help explain differences growth survival gradients thus distribution assembly communities light, nutrient gradients. scale up associated faster processes such decomposition primary productivity, process rates. Synthesis . matter. A single ‘fast–slow’ integrates universe helps ecological strategies, functioning ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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The global spectrum of plant form and function

Nature, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 529(7585), P. 167 - 171

Published: Dec. 23, 2015

Language: Английский

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The Community Land Model Version 5: Description of New Features, Benchmarking, and Impact of Forcing Uncertainty

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 4245 - 4287

Published: Oct. 19, 2019

The Community Land Model (CLM) is the land component of Earth System (CESM) and used in several global regional modeling systems. In this paper, we introduce model developments included CLM version 5 (CLM5), which default for CESM2. We assess an ensemble simulations, including prescribed prognostic vegetation state, multiple forcing data sets, CLM4, CLM4.5, CLM5, against a range metrics from International Benchmarking (ILAMBv2) package. CLM5 includes new updated processes parameterizations: (1) dynamic units, (2) parameterizations structure hydrology snow (spatially explicit soil depth, dry surface layer, revised groundwater scheme, canopy interception processes, fresh density, simple firn model, Scale Adaptive River Transport), (3) plant hydraulics hydraulic redistribution, (4) nitrogen cycling (flexible leaf stoichiometry, N optimization photosynthesis, carbon costs uptake), (5) crop with six types time-evolving irrigated areas fertilization rates, (6) urban building energy, (7) isotopes, (8) stomatal physiology. New optional features include demographically structured (Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator), ozone damage to plants, fire trace gas emissions coupling atmosphere. Conclusive establishment improvement or degradation individual variables challenged by uncertainty, parametric structural complexity, but multivariate presented here suggest general broad CLM4 CLM5.

Language: Английский

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The return of the variance: intraspecific variability in community ecology

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 244 - 252

Published: Jan. 14, 2012

Language: Английский

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Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments

Nature, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 506(7486), P. 89 - 92

Published: Dec. 20, 2013

Language: Английский

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TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 119 - 188

Published: Dec. 31, 2019

Abstract Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, influence ecosystem properties their benefits detriments people. trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area research spanning from evolutionary biology, community functional ecology, biodiversity conservation, landscape management, restoration, biogeography earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, TRY database plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented coverage under an open access policy is main used by worldwide. Increasingly, also supports new frontiers trait‐based research, including identification gaps subsequent mobilization or measurement data. To support this development, article we evaluate extent compiled analyse emerging patterns representativeness. Best species achieved categorical traits—almost complete ‘plant growth form’. However, most relevant ecology vegetation modelling are characterized continuous intraspecific variation trait–environmental relationships. These have be measured on individual respective environment. Despite coverage, observe humbling lack completeness representativeness these many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing biases remains key challenge requires coordinated approach measurements. This can only collaboration with initiatives.

Language: Английский

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Microplastics Can Change Soil Properties and Affect Plant Performance

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 53(10), P. 6044 - 6052

Published: April 25, 2019

Microplastics can affect biophysical properties of the soil. However, little is known about cascade events in fundamental levels terrestrial ecosystems, i.e., starting with changes soil abiotic and propagating across various components soil–plant interactions, including microbial communities plant traits. We investigated here effects six different microplastics (polyester fibers, polyamide beads, four fragment types: polyethylene, polyester terephthalate, polypropylene, polystyrene) on a broad suite proxies for health performance spring onion (Allium fistulosum). Significant were observed biomass, tissue elemental composition, root traits, activities. These responses to microplastic exposure used propose causal model mechanism effects. Impacts dependent particle type, shape similar other natural particles elicited smaller differences from control. Changes structure water dynamics may explain results which fibers beads triggered most pronounced impacts traits function. The findings reported imply that pervasive contamination have consequences thus agroecosystems biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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