The Role of Soil Microorganisms in Plant Mineral Nutrition—Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Sept. 19, 2017

In their natural environment plants are part of a rich ecosystem including numerous and diverse microorganisms in the soil. It has been long recognized that some these microbes, such as mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen fixing symbiotic bacteria, play important roles plant performance by improving mineral nutrition. However, full range microbes associated with potential to replace synthetic agricultural inputs only recently started be uncovered. last few years great progress made knowledge on composition rhizospheric microbiomes dynamics. There is clear evidence shape microbiome structures, most probably root exudates, also bacteria have developed various adaptations thrive niche. The mechanisms interactions processes driving alterations however largely unknown. this review we focus interaction enhancing nutrition, summarizing current several research fields can converge improve our understanding molecular underpinning phenomenon.

Language: Английский

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Consistent responses of soil microbial communities to elevated nutrient inputs in grasslands across the globe

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 112(35), P. 10967 - 10972

Published: Aug. 17, 2015

Significance Human activities have resulted in large increases the availability of nutrients terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Although plant community responses to elevated been well studied, soil microbial remain poorly understood, despite their critical importance ecosystem functioning. Using DNA-sequencing approaches, we assessed response communities experimentally added nitrogen and phosphorus at 25 grassland sites across globe. Our results demonstrate that composition these shifts consistent ways with nutrient inputs there are corresponding ecological attributes members. This study represents an important step forward for understanding connection between inputs, communities, altered

Language: Английский

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Responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to extreme desiccation and rewetting

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 7(11), P. 2229 - 2241

Published: July 4, 2013

Language: Английский

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Carbon use efficiency of microbial communities: stoichiometry, methodology and modelling

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 930 - 939

Published: April 30, 2013

Abstract Carbon use efficiency ( CUE ) is a fundamental parameter for ecological models based on the physiology of microorganisms. determines energy and material flows to higher trophic levels, conversion plant‐produced carbon into microbial products rates ecosystem storage. Thermodynamic calculations support maximum value ~ 0.60 max ). Kinetic stoichiometric constraints growth suggest that in multi‐resource limited natural systems should approach 0.3 /2). However, mean values reported aquatic terrestrial ecosystems differ by twofold (~ 0.26 vs. 0.55) because methods used estimate generally soil estimates are less likely capture full maintenance costs community metabolism given difficulty measurements water‐limited environments. Moreover, many simulation lack adequate representation spilling pathways metabolism, which can also lead overestimates . We recommend broad‐scale 0.30, unless there evidence lower as result pervasive nutrient limitations. Ecosystem operating at finer scales consider resource composition, biomass well environmental drivers, predict communities.

Language: Английский

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Ecoenzymatic Stoichiometry and Ecological Theory

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 313 - 343

Published: Sept. 14, 2012

The net primary production of the biosphere is consumed largely by microorganisms, whose metabolism creates trophic base for detrital foodwebs, drives element cycles, and mediates atmospheric composition. Biogeochemical constraints on microbial catabolism, relative to production, create reserves organic carbon in soils sediments that exceed content atmosphere biomass. matter an intracellular process generates thousands compounds from a small number precursors drawn intermediary metabolism. Osmotrophs generate growth substrates products biosynthesis diagenesis enzyme-catalyzed reactions occur outside cells. These enzymes, which we define as ecoenzymes, enter environment secretion lysis. Enzyme expression regulated environmental signals, but once released cell, ecoenzymatic activity determined interactions, represented kinetic cascade, lead multiphasic kinetics large spatiotemporal variation. At ecosystem level, these interactions can be viewed energy landscape directs availability flow resources. Ecoenzymatic are integrated basis resource demand availability. Macroecological studies show most widely measured activities have similar stoichiometry all communities. connects elemental biomass nutrient assimilation growth. We present model combines enzyme community under conditions multiple limitation with elements metabolic ecological theory. This biogeochemical equilibrium provides framework comparative metabolism, principal driver cycles.

Language: Английский

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Soil pH Determines Microbial Diversity and Composition in the Park Grass Experiment

Microbial Ecology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 69(2), P. 395 - 406

Published: Nov. 14, 2014

Language: Английский

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Revisiting life strategy concepts in environmental microbial ecology

FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. fix006 - fix006

Published: Jan. 22, 2017

Microorganisms are physiologically diverse, possessing disparate genomic features and mechanisms for adaptation (functional traits), which reflect on their associated life strategies determine at least to some extent prevalence distribution in the environment. Unlike animals plants, there is an unprecedented diversity intractable metabolic versatility among bacteria, making classification or grouping these microorganisms based functional traits as has been done animal plant ecology challenging. Nevertheless, representative pure cultures, microbial distinguishing different had proposed, focus of previous reviews. In environment, however, vast majority naturally occurring have yet be isolated, restricting association broad phylogenetic groups and/or physiological characteristics. Here, we reviewed literature how strategy concepts (i.e. copio- oligotrophic strategists, competitor-stress tolerator-ruderals framework) applied complex communities. Because scarcity direct empirical evidence elucidating communities, rely heavily observational studies determining response (a)biotic cues (e.g. resource availability) infer strategies. Although our parallels were drawn from fungal community. Our search showed inconsistency community proposed copiotrophic- oligotrophic-associated (phyla level) changing environmental conditions. This suggests that tracking finer taxonomic resolution family level lower) may more effective capture changes edaphic factors exert a stronger effect response. We discuss limitations provide recommendations future research applying studies.

Language: Английский

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Forest Soil Bacteria: Diversity, Involvement in Ecosystem Processes, and Response to Global Change

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 81(2)

Published: April 12, 2017

The ecology of forest soils is an important field research due to the role forests as carbon sinks. Consequently, a significant amount information has been accumulated concerning their ecology, especially for temperate and boreal forests. Although most studies have focused on fungi, soil bacteria also play roles in this environment. In soils, inhabit multiple habitats with specific properties, including bulk soil, rhizosphere, litter, deadwood habitats, where communities are shaped by nutrient availability biotic interactions. Bacteria contribute range essential processes involved cycling carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus. They take part decomposition dead plant biomass highly fungal mycelia. rhizospheres trees, interact roots mycorrhizal fungi commensalists or mycorrhiza helpers. mediate critical steps nitrogen cycle, N fixation. Bacterial respond effects global change, such climate warming, increased levels dioxide, anthropogenic deposition. This response, however, often reflects specificities each studied ecosystem, it still impossible fully incorporate into predictive models. understanding bacterial advanced dramatically recent years, but incomplete. exact extent contribution ecosystem will be recognized only future, when activities all community members simultaneously.

Language: Английский

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Impact of plant domestication on rhizosphere microbiome assembly and functions

Plant Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 90(6), P. 635 - 644

Published: June 17, 2015

The rhizosphere microbiome is pivotal for plant health and growth, providing defence against pests diseases, facilitating nutrient acquisition helping plants to withstand abiotic stresses. Plants can actively recruit members of the soil microbial community positive feedbacks, but underlying mechanisms traits that drive assembly functions are largely unknown. Domestication species has substantially contributed human civilization, also caused a strong decrease in genetic diversity modern crop cultivars may have affected ability establish beneficial associations with microbes. Here, we review how shape domestication impacted via habitat expansion changes management practices, root exudation, architecture, litter quality. We propose "back roots" framework comprises exploration indigenous their native habitats identification ultimate goal reinstate been undermined during domestication.

Language: Английский

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Soil extracellular enzyme activities, soil carbon and nitrogen storage under nitrogen fertilization: A meta-analysis

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 101, P. 32 - 43

Published: July 8, 2016

Language: Английский

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