The return of the variance: intraspecific variability in community ecology

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 244 - 252

Published: Jan. 14, 2012

Language: Английский

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Applying stable isotopes to examine food‐web structure: an overview of analytical tools

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 87(3), P. 545 - 562

Published: Nov. 2, 2011

Stable isotope analysis has emerged as one of the primary means for examining structure and dynamics food webs, numerous analytical approaches are now commonly used in field. Techniques range from simple, qualitative inferences based on isotopic niche, to Bayesian mixing models that can be characterize food‐web at multiple hierarchical levels. We provide a comprehensive review these techniques, thus single reference source help identify most useful apply given data set. around four general questions: (1) what is trophic position an organism web?; (2) which resource pools support consumers?; (3) additional information does relative consumers space reveal about structure?; (4) degree variability intrapopulation level? For each question, we detail different have been applied, discussing strengths weaknesses each. conclude with set suggestions transcend individual approaches, guidance future applications

Language: Английский

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An evolutionary ecology of individual differences

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 1189 - 1198

Published: Aug. 16, 2012

Abstract Individuals often differ in what they do. This has been recognised since antiquity. Nevertheless, the ecological and evolutionary significance of such variation is attracting widespread interest, which burgeoning to an extent that fragmenting literature. As a first attempt at synthesis, we focus on individual differences behaviour within populations exceed day‐to‐day (i.e. behavioural specialisation). Indeed, factors promoting ecologically relevant specialisation natural are likely have far‐reaching consequences. We discuss from three distinct perspectives: niche specialisations, division labour insect societies animal personality variation. In process, while recognising each area its own unique motivations, identify number opportunities for productive ‘cross‐fertilisation’ among (largely independent) bodies work. conclude complete understanding evolutionarily must specify how interactions impact basic biological process (e.g. Darwinian selection, development information processing) underpin organismal features determining specialisations. Moreover, there be co‐variation amongst Thus, sketch key elements general framework studying ecology differences.

Language: Английский

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Rescaling the trophic structure of marine food webs

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 239 - 250

Published: Dec. 6, 2013

Abstract Measures of trophic position ( TP ) are critical for understanding food web interactions and human‐mediated ecosystem disturbance. Nitrogen stable isotopes (δ 15 N) provide a powerful tool to estimate but limited by pragmatic assumption that isotope discrimination is constant (change in δ N between predator prey, Δ = 3.4‰), resulting an additive framework omits known variation. Through meta‐analysis, we determine narrowing from empirical linear relationship experimental values prey consumed. The scaled estimated reliable s zooplanktivores tertiary piscivores congruent with feeding relationships radically alters the conventional structure marine webs. Apex estimates were markedly higher than currently assumed whole‐ecosystem models, indicating perceived webs have been truncated species‐interactions over simplified. will greatly improve accuracy widely used ecosystem‐based management.

Language: Английский

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What's your move? Movement as a link between personality and spatial dynamics in animal populations

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 3 - 18

Published: Dec. 20, 2016

Recent studies have established the ecological and evolutionary importance of animal personalities. Individual differences in movement space-use, fundamental to many personality traits (e.g. activity, boldness exploratory behaviour) been documented across species contexts, for instance personality-dependent dispersal syndromes. Yet, insights from concurrently developing ecology paradigm are rarely considered recent evidence other movements space-use lack a general unifying framework. We propose conceptual framework spatial ecology. link expectations derived with behavioural reaction-norms offer specific predictions on interactions between environmental factors, such as resource distribution or landscape structure, intrinsic variation. consider how heterogeneity individual consistency that carry-over scales can lead personality-dependent: (1) foraging search performance; (2) habitat preference; (3) home range utilization patterns; (4) social network structure (5) emergence assortative population clusters support our model spatially explicit simulations variation demonstrating complex population-level patterns simple individual-level behaviours. Consideration consistent will facilitate mechanistic understanding processes drive social, spatial, dynamics heterogeneous environments.

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem restoration strengthens pollination network resilience and function

Nature, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 542(7640), P. 223 - 227

Published: Jan. 27, 2017

Language: Английский

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Individuals' diet diversity influences gut microbial diversity in two freshwater fish (threespine stickleback and Eurasian perch)

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 979 - 987

Published: May 22, 2014

Vertebrates' diets profoundly influence the composition of symbiotic gut microbial communities. Studies documenting diet-microbiota associations typically focus on univariate or categorical diet variables. However, in nature individuals often consume diverse combinations foods. If components act independently, each providing distinct colonists nutrients, we expect a positive relationship between diversity and diversity. We tested this prediction within two fish species (stickleback perch), which vary their propensity to eat littoral pelagic invertebrates mixtures both prey. Unexpectedly, most cases with more generalised had less microbiota than dietary specialists, natural laboratory populations. This negative association was small but significant, apparent after accounting for complex interactions sex, size diet. Our results suggest that multiple can interact non-additively

Language: Английский

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Fish behavioral types and their ecological consequences

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 71(6), P. 927 - 944

Published: Feb. 26, 2014

Fish have proven to be model organisms for the study of animal personalities, and a rich literature documents consistent interindividual behavioral differences in variety species. However, relatively few studies examined ecological consequences such behaviors fish or other organisms, especially under field conditions. In this review perspective, we discuss factors that may lead formation maintenance types populations. We then examine what is known about effects personality variation on individual growth survival, breeding reproductive success, habitat use, diet, ontogenetic niche shifts, migration dispersal, as well potential species interactions ecosystem functioning. focus much possible conducted natural seminatural conditions, are most relevant elucidating variation. Finally, importance fisheries management conservation, specifically examining recreational commercial fishing, hatchery rearing, stock enhancement.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of dispersal strategies and dispersal syndromes in fragmented landscapes

Ecography, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 40(1), P. 56 - 73

Published: Nov. 1, 2016

Habitat fragmentation, an important element of current global change, has profound repercussions on population and species extinction. Landscape fragmentation reduces individual movements between patches (i.e. dispersal) while such connecting enhance the persistence metapopulations metacommunities. Through recognition non‐random movements, dispersal recently been recognized as a highly complex process. This complexity likely changes predictions evolution in spatially structured populations communities. In this article, we emphasize effects dispersal. may shape local selective pressures acting large array phenotypic traits known to covary with behaviors. On top propensity, habitat could therefore modify syndromes dispersers' specializations). often leads spatial structuring conditions consequently lead different at landscape scale. By neglecting impacts syndromes, might underestimate crucial biodiversity level for metapopulation metacommunity functioning. We highlight set priorities future empirical theoretical work that together would provide understanding eco‐evolutionary dynamics required improving our ability predict manage

Language: Английский

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Personality, foraging behavior and specialization: integrating behavioral and food web ecology at the individual level

Oecologia, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 182(1), P. 55 - 69

Published: May 11, 2016

Language: Английский

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