Responses of root architecture development to low phosphorus availability: a review

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 112(2), P. 391 - 408

Published: Dec. 23, 2012

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth and development but it often a limiting nutrient in soils. Hence, P acquisition from soil by roots subject of considerable interest agriculture, ecology root biology. Root architecture, with its shape structured development, can be considered as evolutionary response to scarcity resources.

Language: Английский

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In Posidonia oceanica cadmium induces changes in DNA methylation and chromatin patterning

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 63(2), P. 695 - 709

Published: Nov. 4, 2011

In mammals, cadmium is widely considered as a non-genotoxic carcinogen acting through methylation-dependent epigenetic mechanism. Here, the effects of Cd treatment on DNA methylation patten are examined together with its effect chromatin reconfiguration in Posidonia oceanica. level and pattern were analysed actively growing organs, under short- (6 h) long- (2 d or 4 d) term low (10 μM) high (50 doses Cd, Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism technique an immunocytological approach, respectively. The expression one member CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT) family, methyltransferase, was also assessed by qRT-PCR. Nuclear ultrastructure investigated transmission electron microscopy. induced hypermethylation, well up-regulation CMT, indicating that de novo did indeed occur. Moreover, dose led to progressive heterochromatinization interphase nuclei apoptotic figures observed after long-term treatment. data demonstrate perturbs status involvement specific methyltransferase. Such changes linked nuclear likely establish new balance expressed/repressed chromatin. Overall, show basis mechanism underlying toxicity plants.

Language: Английский

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Phosphorus Acquisition and Utilization in Plants

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 73(1), P. 17 - 42

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Tremendous progress has been made on molecular aspects of plant phosphorus (P) nutrition, often without heeding information provided by soil scientists, ecophysiologists, and crop physiologists. This review suggests ways to integrate from different disciplines. When P availability is very low, P-mobilizing strategies are more effective than mycorrhizal strategies. Soil parameters largely determine how much roots can acquire P-impoverished soil, kinetic properties transporters less important. Changes in the expression avoid toxicity. Plants vary widely photosynthetic P-use efficiency, photosynthesis per unit leaf P. The challenge discover what trade-offs patterns investment fractions. Less may save P, but costs incurred? Are these acceptable for crops? These questions be resolved only concerted action scientists working at both physiological levels, rather pursuing problems independently.

Language: Английский

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Revisiting fertilisers and fertilisation strategies for improved nutrient uptake by plants

Biology and Fertility of Soils, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 51(8), P. 897 - 911

Published: July 15, 2015

Meeting human needs within the ecological limits of our planet calls for continuous reflection on, and redesigning of, agricultural technologies practices. Such include fertilisers, discovery use which have been one key factors increasing crop yield, productivity food security. Fertiliser comes, however, at an environmental cost, fertilisers also not a very economically effective production factor to lift many poor farmers out poverty, especially in African countries where application on soils unbalanced compositions nutrients has shown limited impact yield increase. Agronomic practices apply existing mineral primarily containing N, P K, right time, place, amount, composition can improve efficiency fertilisers. However, overall progress reduce negative side effects is inadequate desired transformation toward sustainable agriculture countries. Globally, there no fundamental reflections about role functioning over past 5 decades or more, compared other sectors, dismal investments made fertiliser research development (R&D). In this paper, we reflect current propose more deliberate adoption knowledge plant physiological processes—including diversity nutrient uptake mechanisms, their translocation metabolism—as entry point identifying physicochemical “packaging” nutrients, composition, amount timing meet improved instantaneous uptake. addition delivery through root, suggest that efforts be redoubled with several avenues, as now are best haphazard, plant, including above ground parts seed coating. Furthermore, processes, nutrient-specific interactions soil, plant-microorganism symbiosis, nanotechnology, exploited enhance It hoped concerted R&D will pursued achieve these strategies.

Language: Английский

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Molecular mechanisms underlying phosphate sensing, signaling, and adaptation in plants

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 56(3), P. 192 - 220

Published: Jan. 14, 2014

Abstract As an essential plant macronutrient, the low availability of phosphorus (P) in most soils imposes serious limitation on crop production. Plants have evolved complex responsive and adaptive mechanisms for acquisition, remobilization recycling phosphate (Pi) to maintain P homeostasis. Spatio‐temporal molecular, physiological, biochemical Pi deficiency responses developed by plants are consequence local systemic sensing signaling pathways. is sensed locally root system where hormones serve as important components terms developmental reprogramming, leading changes architecture. Root‐to‐shoot shoot‐to‐root signals, delivered through xylem phloem, respectively, involving itself, hormones, miRNAs, mRNAs, sucrose, coordinate at whole‐plant level. A combination chromatin remodeling, transcriptional posttranslational events contribute globally regulating a wide range responses. In this review, recent advances evaluated progress toward developing comprehensive understanding molecular underlying control over Application knowledge, having enhanced attributes use efficiency, discussed from perspective agricultural sustainability face diminishing global supplies.

Language: Английский

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Nitrogen-Sparing Mechanisms in Chlamydomonas Affect the Transcriptome, the Proteome, and Photosynthetic Metabolism

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 1410 - 1435

Published: April 1, 2014

Nitrogen (N) is a key nutrient that limits global primary productivity; hence, N-use efficiency of compelling interest in agriculture and aquaculture. We used Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as reference organism for multicomponent analysis the N starvation response. In presence acetate, respiratory metabolism prioritized over photosynthesis; consequently, N-sparing response targets proteins, pigments, RNAs involved photosynthesis chloroplast function those respiration. Transcripts proteins Calvin-Benson cycle are reduced N-deficient cells, resulting accumulation metabolic intermediates. Both cytosolic ribosomes reduced, but via different mechanisms, reflected by rapid changes abundance encoding ribosomal not ones. transporters enzymes metabolizing alternative sources increase abundance, appropriate soil environmental niche C. reinhardtii. Comparison N-replete versus N-deplete proteome indicated abundant with high content N-starved while increased have lower than average contents. This sparing mechanism contributes to cellular N/C ratio suggests an approach engineering efficiency.

Language: Английский

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Struvite: a slow-release fertiliser for sustainable phosphorus management?

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 401(1-2), P. 109 - 123

Published: Dec. 11, 2015

Recycled sources of phosphorus (P), such as struvite extracted from wastewater, have potential to substitute for more soluble manufactured fertilisers and help reduce the long-term threat food security dwindling finite reserves phosphate rock (PR). This study aimed determine whether could be a component sustainable P fertiliser management strategy arable crops.A combination laboratory experiments, pot trials mathematical modelling root system examined release properties commercial fertiliser-grade patterns uptake low-P sandy soil by two different crop types, in comparison inorganic (di-ammonium (DAP) triple super (TSP)).Struvite had greatly enhanced solubility presence organic acid anions; buckwheat, which exudes high level acids, was effective at mobilising than low exuder, spring wheat. Struvite granules placed with seed did not provide same rate supply DAP early growth wheat, but gave equivalent rates uptake, yield apparent recovery harvest, even though only 26 % completely dissolved. Fertiliser mixes containing applied wheat both optimal late season improve overall use efficiency.We conclude that resource savings efficiency benefits utilising recycled slow like offers alternative using conventional, solubility, PR-based fertilisers.

Language: Английский

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Phosphorus resources, their depletion and conservation, a review

Resources Conservation and Recycling, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 93, P. 32 - 49

Published: Oct. 21, 2014

Language: Английский

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Spatio-Temporal Transcript Profiling of Rice Roots and Shoots in Response to Phosphate Starvation and Recovery

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 4285 - 4304

Published: Nov. 1, 2013

Abstract Using rice (Oryza sativa) as a model crop species, we performed an in-depth temporal transcriptome analysis, covering the early and late stages of Pi deprivation well recovery in roots shoots, using next-generation sequencing. Analyses 126 paired-end RNA sequencing libraries, spanning nine time points, provided comprehensive overview dynamic responses to stress. Differentially expressed genes were grouped into eight sets based on their starvation recovery, enabling complex signaling pathways involved homeostasis be untangled. A reference annotation-based transcript assembly was also generated, identifying 438 unannotated loci that differentially under starvation. Several showed induction splice isoforms Among these, PHOSPHATE2 (PHO2), key regulator homeostasis, displayed starvation–induced isoform, which associated with increased translation activity. In addition, microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles after long-term shoots assessed, 20 miRNA families not previously starvation, such miR6250. this article, present spatio-temporal analysis plant stress, revealing large number potential regulators plants.

Language: Английский

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Foliar nutrient concentrations and resorption efficiency in plants of contrasting nutrient‐acquisition strategies along a 2‐million‐year dune chronosequence

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 102(2), P. 396 - 410

Published: Nov. 19, 2013

Summary Long‐term pedogenesis leads to important changes in the availability of soil nutrients, especially nitrogen ( N ) and phosphorus P ). Changes micronutrients can also occur, but are less well understood. We explored whether leaf nutrient concentrations resorption were consistent with a shift from limitation plant productivity age along > 2‐million‐year dune chronosequence south‐western Australia. compared these traits among plants contrasting nutrient‐acquisition strategies, focusing on , micronutrients. The range [ ] for individual species was exceptionally large both green (103–3000 μg g −1 senesced (19–5600 leaves, almost equalling that found globally. From youngest oldest soil, cover‐weighted mean declined 1840 228 while ‐resorption efficiency increased 0% 79%. All converged towards highly conservative ‐use strategy soils. Declines strong than ], ranging 13.4 mg 9.5 soil. However, greatest (45%) youngest, ‐poor Leaf : ratio 8 42 zinc Z n) low across all stages, n‐resorption (55–74%) calcareous dunes, reflecting n at high p H . 2 ‐fixing had other species. Non‐mycorrhizal very accumulated M surmise this reflects solubilization by organic acids released acquisition. Synthesis Our results show community‐wide variation is during long‐term ecosystem development. High young dunes supports possibility micronutrient co‐limitation. n] older suggests importance carboxylate release effect nutrient‐use reveal considerable differences strategies.

Language: Английский

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