Urban wastewater treatment plants as hotspots for antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes spread into the environment: A review

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 447, P. 345 - 360

Published: Feb. 7, 2013

Language: Английский

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Biofilm Formation by the Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans : Development, Architecture, and Drug Resistance

Journal of Bacteriology, Journal Year: 2001, Volume and Issue: 183(18), P. 5385 - 5394

Published: Sept. 15, 2001

ABSTRACT Biofilms are a protected niche for microorganisms, where they safe from antibiotic treatment and can create source of persistent infection. Using two clinically relevant Candida albicans biofilm models formed on bioprosthetic materials, we demonstrated that formation proceeds through three distinct developmental phases. These growth phases transform adherent blastospores to well-defined cellular communities encased in polysaccharide matrix. Fluorescence confocal scanning laser microscopy revealed C. biofilms have highly heterogeneous architecture composed noncellular elements. In both models, antifungal resistance biofilm-grown cells increased conjunction with formation. The expression agglutinin-like ( ALS ) genes, which encode family proteins implicated adhesion host surfaces, was differentially regulated between planktonic cells. ability form contrasts sharply Saccharomyces cerevisiae , adhered surfaces but failed mature biofilm. studies described here the basis investigations into molecular mechanisms biology provide means design novel therapies biofilm-based infections.

Language: Английский

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Biofilms: implications in bioremediation

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2006, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 389 - 397

Published: July 19, 2006

Language: Английский

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Biofilm Formation and Control in Food Processing Facilities

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Journal Year: 2003, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 22 - 32

Published: Jan. 1, 2003

ABSTRACT Microorganisms on wet surfaces have the ability to aggregate, grow into microcolonies, and produce biofilm. Growth of biofilms in food processing environments leads increased opportunity for microbial contamination processed product. These may contain spoilage pathogenic microorganisms. within are protected from sanitizers increasing likelihood survival subsequent food. This increases risk reduced shelf life disease transmission. Extracellular polymeric substances associated with biofilm that not removed by cleaning provide attachment sites microorganisms newly arrived cleaned system. Biofilm formation can also cause impairment heat transfer corrosion metal surfaces. Some methods used control include mechanical manual cleaning, chemical sanitation, application hot water.

Language: Английский

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Salmonella biofilms: An overview on occurrence, structure, regulation and eradication

Food Research International, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 45(2), P. 502 - 531

Published: Jan. 23, 2011

Language: Английский

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Review of pore network modelling of porous media: Experimental characterisations, network constructions and applications to reactive transport

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 192, P. 101 - 117

Published: July 15, 2016

Pore network models have been applied widely for simulating a variety of different physical and chemical processes, including phase exchange, non-Newtonian displacement, non-Darcy flow, reactive transport thermodynamically consistent oil layers. The realism such modelling, i.e. the credibility their predictions, depends to large extent on quality correspondence between pore space given medium constructed as its representation. main experimental techniques characterisation, direct imaging, mercury intrusion porosimetry gas adsorption, are firstly summarised. A review construction is then presented. Particular focus how constructions adapted data from experimentally characterised systems. Current applications considered, with special emphasis effects dissolution precipitation, well biomass growth, coefficients. found be valuable tool understanding predicting meso-scale phenomena, linking single where other more accurate, homogenised continuum porous media, used by engineering community.

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in biofilm-growing bacteria

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. 981 - 990

Published: April 26, 2014

Language: Английский

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Comparison of Biofilms Formed byCandidaalbicansandCandidaparapsilosison Bioprosthetic Surfaces

Infection and Immunity, Journal Year: 2002, Volume and Issue: 70(2), P. 878 - 888

Published: Feb. 1, 2002

ABSTRACT Little is known about fungal biofilms, which may cause infection and antibiotic resistance. In this study, biofilm formation by different Candida species, particularly albicans C . parapsilosis , was evaluated using a clinically relevant model of on medical devices. biofilms were allowed to form silicone elastomer quantified tetrazolium (XTT) dry weight (DW) assays. Formed visualized fluorescence microscopy confocal scanning laser with Calcofluor White (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.), concanavalin A-Alexafluor 488 (Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oreg.), FUN-1 Probes) dyes. Although minimal variations in production among invasive isolates seen, significant differences between noninvasive ( P < 0.001) noted. produced more than glabrata tropicalis isolates, as determined DW assays <0.001 for all comparisons) microscopy. Interestingly, demonstrated higher level XTT activity isolates. On microscopy, had morphology from that other consisting basal blastospore layer dense overlying matrix composed exopolysaccharides hyphae. contrast, less volume comprised exclusively clumped blastospores. Unlike planktonically grown cells, rapidly (within 6 h) developed fluconazole resistance (MIC, >128 μg/ml). Importantly, showed cells be metabolically active. conclusion, our data show produces quantitatively larger qualitatively complex particular,

Language: Английский

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Biofilm formation at the air–liquid interface by the Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 wrinkly spreader requires an acetylated form of cellulose

Molecular Microbiology, Journal Year: 2003, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 15 - 27

Published: Aug. 20, 2003

Summary The wrinkly spreader (WS) genotype of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 colonizes the air–liquid interface spatially structured microcosms resulting in formation a thick biofilm. Its ability to colonize this niche is largely due overproduction cellulosic polymer, product wss operon. Chemical analysis biofilm matrix shows that polymer partially acetylated cellulose, which consistent with predictions gene function based on silico . Both polar and non‐polar mutations sixth operon ( wssF ) or adjacent downstream genes wssGHIJ generated mutants overproduce non‐acetylated thus implicating WssFGHIJ acetylation cellulose. WssGHI are homologues AlgFIJ from P. aeruginosa , together necessary sufficient acetylate alginate polymer. WssF belongs newly established Pfam family predicted provide acyl groups WssGHI. role WssJ unclear, but its similarity MinD‐like proteins suggests localization complex. Fluorescent microscopy Calcofluor‐stained biofilms revealed structure composed networks cellulose fibres, sheets clumped material. Quantitative analyses showed important for effective colonization interface: identical WS, defective enzymes required produced altered physical properties. In addition, producing were unable spread rapidly across solid surfaces. Inclusion these assays WS mutant defect GGDEF regulator (WspR) confirmed requirement protein expression both bacterial attachment. These results suggest model WspR regulation attachment plays co‐ordination surface colonization.

Language: Английский

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The role of biofilms as environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Oct. 31, 2015

Antibiotic resistance has become a significant and growing threat to public environmental health. To face this problem both at local global scales, better understanding of the sources mechanisms that contribute emergence spread antibiotic is required. Recent studies demonstrate aquatic ecosystems are reservoirs resistant bacteria genes as well potential conduits for their transmission human pathogens. Despite wealth information about pollution its effect on microbial resistome, contribution biofilms acquisition not been fully explored in systems. Biofilms structured multicellular communities embedded self-produced extracellular matrix acts barrier diffusion. High population densities proximity cells also increases chances genetic exchange among bacterial species converting hot spots resistance. This review focuses biofilm communities, with special emphasis ecological evolutionary processes underlying acquired these compounds.

Language: Английский

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