New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre?

Nutrition Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 65 - 134

Published: June 1, 2010

Epidemiological studies have clearly shown that whole-grain cereals can protect against obesity, diabetes, CVD and cancers. The specific effects of food structure (increased satiety, reduced transit time glycaemic response), fibre (improved faecal bulking viscosity SCFA production, and/or response) Mg (better homeostasis through increased insulin secretion), together with the antioxidant anti-carcinogenic properties numerous bioactive compounds, especially those in bran germ (minerals, trace elements, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols alkylresorcinols), are today well-recognised mechanisms this protection. Recent findings, exhaustive listing compounds found wheat, their content whole-grain, fractions estimated bioavailability, led to new hypotheses. involvement cell signalling gene regulation, sulfur lignin phytic acid should be considered Whole-grain wheat is also a rich source methyl donors lipotropes (methionine, betaine, choline, inositol folates) may involved cardiovascular hepatic protection, lipid metabolism DNA methylation. Potential protective bound phenolic acids within colon, B-complex vitamins on nervous system mental health, oligosaccharides as prebiotics, associated skeleton other such α-linolenic acid, policosanol, melatonin, phytosterols para -aminobenzoic deserve studied more depth. Finally, benefits nutrigenomics study complex physiological ‘whole-grain package’, most promising ways for improving nutritional quality cereal products discussed.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative damage in the central nervous system: protection by melatonin

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 1998, Volume and Issue: 56(3), P. 359 - 384

Published: Oct. 1, 1998

Language: Английский

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Biochemical Reactivity of Melatonin with Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: A Review of the Evidence

Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, Journal Year: 2001, Volume and Issue: 34(2), P. 237 - 256

Published: Jan. 1, 2001

Language: Английский

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Role of antioxidants in paraquat toxicity

Toxicology, Journal Year: 2002, Volume and Issue: 180(1), P. 65 - 77

Published: Oct. 9, 2002

Language: Английский

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Antioxidative Protection by Melatonin: Multiplicity of Mechanisms from Radical Detoxification to Radical Avoidance

Endocrine, Journal Year: 2005, Volume and Issue: 27(2), P. 119 - 130

Published: Jan. 1, 2005

Language: Английский

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Significance of Melatonin in Antioxidative Defense System: Reactions and Products

Neurosignals, Journal Year: 2000, Volume and Issue: 9(3-4), P. 137 - 159

Published: Jan. 1, 2000

Melatonin is a potent endogenous free radical scavenger, actions that are independent of its many receptor-mediated effects. In the last several years, hundreds publications have confirmed melatonin broad-spectrum antioxidant. has been reported to scavenge hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl (HO·), nitric oxide (NO·), peroxynitrite anion (ONOO–), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide (O2–·) and peroxyl (LOO·), although validity ability O2–· LOO· debatable. Regardless radicals scavenged, prevents oxidative damage at level cells, tissues, organs organisms. The antioxidative mechanisms seem different from classical antioxidants such as vitamin C, E glutathione. As electron donors, undergo redox cycling; thus, they potential promote oxidation well prevent it. Melatonin, an electron-rich molecule, may interact with via additive reaction form stable end-products which excreted in urine. does not cycling and, shown under variety experimental conditions. From this point view, can be considered suicidal or terminal antioxidant distinguishes it opportunistic antioxidants. Interestingly, ratio mole mole. Indeed, one molecule scavenges two HO·. Also, secondary tertiary metabolites, for example, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, N-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine 6-hydroxymelatonin, believed generated when interacts radicals, also regarded effective scavengers. continuous scavenging original (melatonin) metabolites defined cascade reaction. synergizes glutathione radicals. detected vegetables, fruits herbs. some plants, especially flowers seeds (the reproductive most vulnerable insults), concentrations orders magnitude higher than measured blood vertebrates. plants only provides alternative exogenous source herbivores but suggests important protects them hostile environment includes extreme heat, cold pollution, all generate

Language: Английский

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Human pineal physiology and functional significance of melatonin

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2004, Volume and Issue: 25(3-4), P. 177 - 195

Published: Sept. 1, 2004

Language: Английский

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Pharmacological actions of melatonin in oxygen radical pathophysiology

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 1997, Volume and Issue: 60(25), P. 2255 - 2271

Published: May 1, 1997

Language: Английский

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Vitamin E: non-antioxidant roles

Progress in Lipid Research, Journal Year: 2000, Volume and Issue: 39(3), P. 231 - 255

Published: May 1, 2000

Language: Английский

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Melatonin and Its Relation to the Immune System and Inflammation

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2000, Volume and Issue: 917(1), P. 376 - 386

Published: Jan. 1, 2000

A bstract : Melatonin ( N ‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) was initially thought to be produced exclusively in the pineal gland. Subsequently its synthesis demonstrated other organs, for example, retinas, and very high concentrations of melatonin are found at sites, bone marrow cells bile. The origin level these locations has not been definitively established, but it is likely origin. shown possess anti‐inflammatory effects, among a number actions. reduces tissue destruction during inflammatory reactions by means. Thus melatonin, virtue ability directly scavenge toxic free radicals, macromolecular damage all organs. radicals reactive oxygen nitrogen species known scavenged include highly hydroxyl radical (·OH), peroxynitrite anion (ONOO − ), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), others. These agents contribute response associated destruction. Additionally, means lower resulting from inflammation. Thus, prevents translocation nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) nucleus binding DNA, thereby reducing upregulation variety proinflammatory cytokines, interleukins tumor neurosis factor‐alpha. Finally, there indirect evidence that inhibits production adhesion molecules promote sticking leukocytes endothelial cells. By this attenuates transendothelial cell migration edema, which damage.

Language: Английский

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