Geodiversity and Biodiversity

Geological Society London Special Publications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 530(1), P. 31 - 47

Published: Sept. 29, 2022

Abstract Non-living and living nature are inherently connected. Geodiversity, which consists of the variation in geology, soils, topography, geomorphology hydrology, is seen as foundation stage for biodiversity. Underlying theory suggests that increasing abiotic creates maintains available niche space different organisms to thrive, resulting higher Emerging scientific observations support this premise, indicating a positive influence geodiversity on biodiversity across environments, regions spatial scales. Inclusion into research conservation therefore has capacity improve our understanding patterns dynamics. Current challenges need be overcome relatively new field science related defining measuring gaining more empirical evidence link between Despite these challenges, connecting two concepts embracing interdisciplinary cooperation have great potential advancing diversity integrating assessments

Language: Английский

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Geodiversity in the Amazon drainage basin

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 382(2269)

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

The Amazon is the largest drainage basin on Earth and contains a wide variety of abiotic landscape features. In spite this, geodiversity in this has not yet been objectively evaluated. We address knowledge gap by combining meta-analysis an existing global map its components with systematic literature review, to identify key characteristics (ADB). also evaluate how these component maps, that are based geology, geomorphology, soils hydrology, could be refined better reflect basin. Our review shows geology—through lithological diversity geological structures—and hydrology—through hydrological processes influence geomorphology soil diversity—are main determinants geodiversity. Based features, ADB can subdivided into three principal regions: (i) Andean orogenic belt western Amazon, (ii) cratons eastern (iii) Solimões-Amazon river system. Additional methods geomorphological have identified. Future research should focus investigating relationship between assess their biodiversity. Such enhance conservation plans for ADB. This article part Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Geodiversity science society’.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of Amazonian biodiversity: A review

Acta Amazonica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 54(spe1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Amazonia (defined herein as the Amazon basin) is home to greatest concentration of biodiversity on Earth, providing unique genetic resources and ecological functions that contribute ecosystem services globally. The lengthy complex evolutionary history this region has produced heterogeneous landscapes riverscapes at multiple scales, altered geographic connections among populations, impacted rates adaptation, speciation, extinction. In turn, ecologically diverse Amazonian biotas promoted further diversification, species coexistence, coevolution, with accumulating over tens millions years. Important events in included: (i) late Cretaceous early Paleogene origin major rainforest plant animal groups; (ii) Eocene-Oligocene global cooling rainforests contracting tropical latitudes separating Atlantic coastal rainforests; (iii) Miocene uplift central northern Andes separated Pacific rainforests, spurred formation mega-wetlands western Amazon, contributed modern transcontinental River; (iv) Neogene Panamanian Isthmus facilitated Great American Biotic Interchange; (v) Pleistocene climate oscillations followed by Pleistocene-Holocene human colonization megafaunal extinctions; (vi) era widespread anthropogenic deforestation, defaunation, transformations regional climates. conservation requires decade-scale investments into documentation monitoring leverage existing scientific capacity, strategic habitat planning allow continuity processes now future.

Language: Английский

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The role of rivers in the origin and future of Amazonian biodiversity

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

The rich biodiversity of Amazonia is shaped geographically and ecologically by its rivers their cycles seasonal flooding. Anthropogenic effects, such as deforestation, infrastructure development extreme climatic events, threaten the ecological processes sustaining Amazonian ecosystems. In this Review, we explore coupled evolution associated with terrestrial seasonally flooded environments, integrating geological, climatic, genetic evidence. fluvial environments are highly heterogeneous, drainage system historically dynamic continually evolving; a result, discharge, sediment load strength barriers to biotic dispersal has changed through time. Ecological affinities taxa, rearrangements variations in riverine landscape caused past climate changes have mediated high diversity found modern-day Amazonia. connected history region's provides fundamental information for mitigating current future impacts. However, incomplete knowledge about species taxonomy, distributions, habitat use, interactions occurrence patterns limits our understanding. Partnerships Indigenous peoples local communities, who close ties land natural resources, key improving generation dissemination, enabling better impact assessments, monitoring management systems at risk from evolving pressures. features biodiverse range organisms habitats. This Review explores geological characteristics role shaping region.

Language: Английский

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Resource availability and disturbance shape maximum tree height across the Amazon

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 177 - 189

Published: Oct. 29, 2020

Abstract Tall trees are key drivers of ecosystem processes in tropical forest, but the controls on distribution very tallest remain poorly understood. The recent discovery grove giant over 80 meters tall Amazon forest requires a reevaluation current thinking. We used high‐resolution airborne laser surveys to measure canopy height across 282,750 ha old‐growth and second‐growth forests randomly sampling entire Brazilian Amazon. investigated how resources disturbances shape maximum through relations between occurrence environmental factors. Common development fundamentally different from those influencing trees. found that changes wind light availability drive tree as much precipitation temperature, together shaping structure location should be carefully considered by policymakers when identifying important hot spots for conservation biodiversity

Language: Английский

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Herbaceous plant diversity in forest ecosystems: patterns, mechanisms, and threats

Plant Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 223(2), P. 117 - 129

Published: Nov. 12, 2021

Language: Английский

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Amazon tree dominance across forest strata

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(6), P. 757 - 767

Published: April 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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River network rearrangements promote speciation in lowland Amazonian birds

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(14)

Published: April 8, 2022

Large Amazonian rivers impede dispersal for many species, but lowland river networks frequently rearrange, thereby altering the location and effectiveness of barriers through time. These rearrangements may promote biotic diversification by facilitating episodic allopatry secondary contact among populations. We sequenced genome-wide markers to evaluate histories divergence introgression in six avian species complexes. first tested assumption that are these taxa found even relatively small facilitate divergence. then whether diverged with gene flow recovered reticulate all including one potential case hybrid speciation. Our results support hypothesis speciation reveal rainforest micro-endemic, unrecognized, thus threatened imminent extinction. propose hyper-diversity originates partly from fine-scale barrier displacement processes—including dynamics—which allow populations differentiate disperse into contact.

Language: Английский

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Amazonian birds in more dynamic habitats have less population genetic structure and higher gene flow

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(9), P. 2186 - 2205

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Understanding the factors that govern variation in genetic structure across species is key to study of speciation and population genetics. Genetic has been linked several aspects life history, such as foraging strategy, habitat association, migration distance, dispersal ability, all which might influence gene flow. Comparative studies data from with differing histories provide opportunities tease apart role shaping flow structure. Here, we examine sets bird specialized on a series Amazonian types hypothesized filter for dramatically different abilities: stable upland forest, dynamic floodplain highly riverine islands. Using genome-wide markers, show type significant effect structure, islands exhibiting progressively lower levels Although morphological traits used proxies individual-level ability did not explain this pattern, measures are elevated more habitats. Our results suggest occurs drives degree structuring via its impact long-term fluctuations flow, habitats having particularly These differences taxa distinct may lead disparate responses environmental change or habitat-specific diversification dynamics over evolutionary time scales.A compreensão dos fatores que governam variação da estrutura genética entre espécies é fundamental para o estudo especiação e das populações. A tem sido ligada vários aspectos história vida, tais como estratégia de forrageio, associação ao habitat, distância migração capacidade dispersão, os quais poderiam influenciar dispersão fluxo gênico. Estudos comparativos usando diferem nas suas histórias vida oferecem uma oportunidade desvendar papel no estabelecimento do gênico população. Aqui examinamos dados genéticos populacionais diversas aves com diferentes capacidades especializadas em três amazônicos, incluindo florestas terra-firme, várzea ilhas fluviais, cujos ambientes ripários são altamente dinâmicos. Utilizando genômicos incluem milhares loci, mostramos tipo um efeito significativo na estruturação populações; fluviais exibem níveis progressivamente menores. Embora traços morfológicos frequentemente usados indicadores nível individual não expliquem este padrão, medidas genéticas altas associadas ribeirinhos mais Nossos resultados sugerem qual espécie encontrada determina grau população através seu impacto flutuações longo prazo gênico, dinâmicos tendo particularmente alto. As diferenças táxons especializados podem resultar respostas díspares às mesmas mudanças ambientais, ou dinâmicas diversificação específicas determinado escalas tempo evolutivas.Comprender los factores rigen la variación estructura especies es clave el estudio especiación y poblaciones. La se ha relacionado con varios historia vital, estrategia búsqueda alimento, asociación hábitats, distancia migración capacidad dispersión, todos ellos podrían influir en dispersión flujo genético. Los estudios datos poblacionales historias vitales ofrecen oportunidad desentrañar conformación del genético poblacional. En trabajo poblaciones una serie hábitats amazónicos que, según hipótesis, filtran radicalmente diferentes: bosques estables tierras altas, dinámicos llanuras aluviales islas fluviales dinámicas. marcadores genómicos, demostramos hábitat tiene un efecto población, las inundables presentan niveles progresivamente más bajos. Aunque rasgos utilizados explican patrón, son elevadas dinámicos. Nuestros sugieren encuentra especie grado estructuración población través su fluctuaciones largo plazo genético, siendo muy elevado. Estas diferencias taxones distintos pueden dar lugar respuestas dispares al cambio ambiental dinámicas diversificación hbitat lo temporales evolutivas.

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Cyclic sediment deposition by orbital forcing in the Miocene wetland of western Amazonia? New insights from a multidisciplinary approach

Global and Planetary Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 210, P. 103717 - 103717

Published: Dec. 17, 2021

In the Miocene, a large wetland system extended from Andean foothills into western Amazonia. This has no modern analogue and driving mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Dynamic topography uplift thought to have controlled deposition, with allocyclic base level changes driven by eustasy orbital forcing also playing role. this study we investigate presumed cyclicity that sediment while assessing source biomes in Miocene wetland. We do integrating lithological, palynological, malacological geochemical data Los Chorros site (Amazon River, Colombia), placing our sequence stratigraphic framework. biostratigraphic evaluation, succession is visualized be composed of series flood-fill packages, rapid initial flood, marine-influenced conditions at time maximum followed longer regressive infill phase. Based on palynology could differentiate local vegetation, such as palm swamps, regional origin terra firme vegetation (non-flooded Amazonian forest) montane forest, geochemistry separate sources. At times flooding, oligotrophic eutrophic aquatic alternatively characterized wetland, shown presence algae, floating ferns, mollusc assemblages, intervening subaquatic debris points proximal submerged lowlands. lower 20 m section, marine influences intermittently evident short-lived maxima mangrove pollen, foraminiferal test linings, dinoflagellate cysts, coastal species, an episodic decline terrestrial biomarkers. The upper 5 section floodplain forest taxa diversity tropical rain relatively few lacustrine indicators. These marine, mangrove, indicators suggest outcrops represent predominant during periods sea highstand. evaluation further eight 41 kyr obliquity-driven depositional cycles, phases transgression. Mangrove elements would colonised within timeframe each rise. relative age constraint comparison records, deposition likely took place prior 13.8 Myr global fall, most period just after 14.5 Ma, between Middle Climatic Optimum (MMCO; 17–14 Ma) Climate Transition (MMCT; 14.7–13.8 Ma). Palynological evidence suggests west, surface elevation ranged ~1000 up ~3500 hosted protoparamo oldest reported agreement predictions molecular studies. contrast, contemporaneous sites northeast consisted fluvial cratonic formations, their Nd Sr isotopic signature. summary, lead improved understanding how geological astronomical floral faunal distribution Amazonia middle Miocene. As strongly contrast Amazonia, provide important context for deep history evolution Amazon rainforest.

Language: Английский

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