Fourteen New, Endemic Species of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) from Sulawesi Reveal a Spectacular Island Radiation

Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 454(1)

Published: Dec. 14, 2021

After nearly a decade of field inventories in which we preserved voucher specimens the small terrestrial mammals Sulawesi, combined qualitative and quantitative analyses morphological traits with molecular phylogenetics to better understand diversity shrews (Soricidae: Crocidura) on island. We examined morphology 1368 obtained extensive data from many them, including mitochondrial DNA sequences 851 specimens, up five nuclear exons 657 thousands ultraconserved elements 90 specimens. By iteratively testing species limits using distinct character datasets appropriate taxon sampling, found clear, mostly consistent evidence for existence 21 only seven were previously recognized. divide these into morphogroups, provide emended diagnoses named species, describe 14 new species. The Long-Tailed Group contains Crocidura caudipilosa, C. elongata, microelongata, quasielongata, species; Rhoditis rhoditis, pseudorhoditis, australis, pallida, Small-Bodied lea, levicula, baletei, mediocris, parva, tenebrosa, Thick-Tailed brevicauda, caudicrassa, Ordinary musseri, nigripes, normalis, ordinaria, solita, Documenting endemic reveals local radiation (20 are members an clade) elevational gradients played prominent role either promoting speciation, or at minimum, fostering cooccurrence phenotypically similar As now understood, species-level Sulawesi is three times known any other insular shrew fauna. This study highlights fact that if wish true extent biodiversity Earth, large-scale, vouchered organismal followed thorough examinations genetic, morphological, geographic sorely needed montane tropical regions, even purportedly well-studied groups such as mammals.

Language: Английский

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Wallace's line,Wallacea, and associated divides and areas: history of a tortuous tangle of ideas and labels

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 96(3), P. 922 - 942

Published: Jan. 27, 2021

Due to its position between the highly distinct Oriental and Australasian biogeographical realms, much effort has been spent demarcating associated separations transitions in faunal assemblages of Indo-Australian Archipelago. Initially, sharp boundary lines were proposed, with earliest dating from mid-1800s. Notably, one published by Alfred R. Wallace 1863, based upon land-mammal land-bird distributions, since achieved iconic status today significance is recognized well beyond confines biogeography community. Over next four decades many such divides engraved onto plates inked charts SE Asia using additional information, different organisms or other criteria. However, it became apparent that, as had noted, all some degree permeable, 1880s transition zones being put forward instead; label 'Wallacea' was introduced 1924. Interestingly, last decade seen new sub-regions departing markedly earlier offerings. Although currently there general agreement regarding terminology both areas, record publication indicates that this consensus emerged obliquely, cases weakly founded. This review does not present data nor analyses; rather summarizes development ideas reflects attendant issues have emerged. After reviewing key proposals, recommendations are presented should future alleviate perceived difficulties inadequacies. Reference specific must be true their original definitions; instances where secondary literature portrayed them incorrectly rippled through into later publications. Moreover, Wallace's 1863 line he finally settled (in 1910); path around Sulawesi transferred west east Island. Ideally, Huxley's divide (1868) carry his name than Wallace's; latter never accepted proposition. Lydekker's Line (1896) ought labelled Heilprin-Lydekker recognition Angelo Heilprin's 1887 contribution. Concerning zones, ideally Wallacea correspond 1924 description, which incorporated Philippine islands bar Palawan group. though, a smaller form (introduced Darlington 1957, used frequently 1998 onwards) excluded entrenched within recent literature, but often without evident justification. It also 'reduced' (=southern) area effectively defined Heilprin 1887, then 'Austro-Malaysian Transition Zone'. Finally, application years modern analytical techniques led view on lines/areas run/be placed; large, diverse set organisms, each differing histories, perhaps surprising.

Language: Английский

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Wallacean and Melanesian Islands Promote Higher Rates of Diversification within the Global Passerine Radiation Corvides

Systematic Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(6), P. 1423 - 1439

Published: June 15, 2022

Abstract The complex island archipelagoes of Wallacea and Melanesia have provided empirical data behind integral theories in evolutionary biology, including allopatric speciation biogeography. Yet, questions regarding the relative impact layered biogeographic barriers, such as deep-water trenches isolated systems, on faunal diversification remain underexplored. One barrier is Wallace’s Line, a significant boundary that largely separates Australian Asian biodiversity. To assess roles barriers—specifically systems Line—we investigated tempo mode diverse avian radiation, Corvides (Crows Jays, Birds-of-paradise, Vangas, allies). We combined genus-level set thousands ultraconserved elements (UCEs) species-level, 12-gene Sanger sequence matrix to produce well-resolved supermatrix tree we leveraged explore group’s historical biogeography effects barriers their macroevolutionary dynamics. well resolved differs substantially from what has been used extensively for past comparative analyses within this group. confirmed Corvides, its major constituent clades, arose Australia burst dispersals west across Line occurred after uplift during mid-Miocene. found dispersal was generally rare, though westward were two times more frequent than eastward dispersals. Wallacea’s central position between Sundaland Sahul no doubt acted bridge island-hopping out Australia, colonize rest Earth. In addition, east harbor highest rates net are substantial source colonists continental both sides barrier. Our results support emerging evidence particularly geologically Indo-pacific, drivers species diversification. [Historical biogeography; Melanesia; molecular phylogenetics; state-dependent extinction.]

Language: Английский

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Paleoenvironments shaped the exchange of terrestrial vertebrates across Wallace’s Line

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 381(6653), P. 86 - 92

Published: July 6, 2023

Faunal turnover in Indo-Australia across Wallace's Line is one of the most recognizable patterns biogeography and has catalyzed debate about role evolutionary geoclimatic history biotic interchanges. Here, analysis more than 20,000 vertebrate species with a model geoclimate biological diversification shows that broad precipitation tolerance dispersal ability were key for exchange deep-time gradient spanning region. Sundanian (Southeast Asian) lineages evolved climate similar to humid "stepping stones" Wallacea, facilitating colonization Sahulian (Australian) continental shelf. By contrast, predominantly drier conditions, hampering establishment Sunda shaping faunal distinctiveness. We demonstrate how adaptation past environmental conditions shapes asymmetrical global biogeographic structure.

Language: Английский

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A recent gibbon ape leukemia virus germline integration in a rodent from New Guinea

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(6)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Germline colonization by retroviruses results in the formation of endogenous (ERVs). Most colonization’s occurred millions years ago. However, Australo-Papuan region (Australia and New Guinea), several recent germline events have been discovered . The Wallace Line separates much Southeast Asia from restricting faunal pathogen dispersion. West Line, gibbon ape leukemia viruses (GALVs) isolated captive gibbons. Two microbat species China appear to infected naturally. East Wallace’s woolly monkey virus (a GALV) closely related koala retrovirus (KoRV) detected eutherians marsupials region, often vertically transmitted. transmitted GALV-like fauna compared sporadic horizontal transmission suggest GALV-KoRV clade originates former further models early-stage genome may be found. We screened 278 samples, seven bat one rodent family endemic found on both sides Line. identified two rodents ( Melomys ) Australia Papua Guinea no harboring retroviruses. leucogaster harbored a genomically complete replication-competent with shared integration site among individuals. was only present some individuals indicating this is at earliest stages genome, providing new small wild mammal model colonization.

Language: Английский

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New Guinea uplift opens ecological opportunity across a continent

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(19), P. 4215 - 4224.e3

Published: Sept. 2, 2022

Language: Английский

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Species Delimitation, Phylogenomics, and Biogeography of Sulawesi Flying Lizards: A Diversification History Complicated by Ancient Hybridization, Cryptic Species, and Arrested Speciation

Systematic Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 72(4), P. 885 - 911

Published: April 19, 2023

Abstract The biota of Sulawesi is noted for its high degree endemism and substantial levels in situ biological diversification. While the island’s long period isolation dynamic tectonic history have been implicated as drivers regional diversification, this has rarely tested context an explicit geological framework. Here, we provide a tectonically informed biogeographical framework that use to explore diversification flying lizards (the Draco lineatus Group), radiation endemic surrounding islands. We employ inferring cryptic speciation involves phylogeographic genetic clustering analyses means identifying potential species followed by population demographic assessment divergence-timing rates bi-directional migration confirming lineage independence (and thus status). Using approach, phylogenetic mitochondrial sequence data obtained 613 samples, 50-SNP set 370 1249-locus exon-capture 106 samples indicate current taxonomy substantially understates true number species, both arrested speciations taken place, ancient hybridization confounds do not explicitly account reticulation. Group appears comprise 15 species—9 on proper 6 peripheral common ancestor group colonized ~11 Ma when proto-Sulawesi was likely composed two ancestral islands, began radiate ~6 new islands formed were via overwater dispersal. enlargement amalgamation many these proto-islands into modern Sulawesi, especially during past 3 Ma, motion interactions once-isolated lineages came secondary contact, some which resulted merger, others surviving present. [Genomics; Indonesia; introgression; mitochondria; phylogenetics; phylogeography; genetics; reptiles.]

Language: Английский

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Comparative diversification analyses of Hydrangeaceae and Loasaceae reveal complex evolutionary history as species disperse out of Mesoamerica

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

The movement of lineages into novel areas can promote ecological opportunity and adaptive radiation, leading to significant species diversity. Not all studies, however, have identified support for associated with intercontinental colonizations. To gain key insights the drivers opportunity, we tested whether dispersals resulted in using Hydrangeaceae-Loasaceae clade, which has numerous centers diversity across globe. A time-calibrated phylogeny was reconstructed from four molecular markers. We bursts speciation rates followed by a decrease as expected phylogenetic patterns under an model. Ancestral ranges were estimated historical biogeographic analyses examine relationships ancestral distributions habitats extinction rates. Hydrangeaceae Loasaceae originated arid Mesoamerica, then dispersed South America, Eurasia, eastern North America. Six clades experienced increased diversification rates, but those increases not transitions new continental areas. Mentzelia section Bartonia only clade that exhibited burst decrease. Both families environments multiple mesic tropical environments, higher speciation-to-extinction ratio than western Nearctic. Dispersal between continents did trigger rate shifts Hydrangeaceae. Instead, occurred regions inhabited intrafamilial relatives likely driven climate change Miocene, where drier microhabitats diversified newly created habitats.

Language: Английский

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Historical Biogeography and Genetic Status of the Enigmatic Pig‐Nosed Turtle (Carettochelys insculpta) Within the Australo‐Papuan Region

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(4)

Published: March 29, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim We examine the phylogeographic genetic structure of endangered pig‐nosed turtle Carettochelys insculpta , last remaining member a once globally widespread family, now restricted to northern Australia and southern New Guinea, region with complex geological eustatic history. their historical biogeography, demographic history status threatened populations. Location Northern Australia, Southern Guinea. Methods reconstruct phylogenetic relationships patterns diversity using genome‐wide dataset 15,081 single nucleotide polymorphisms two mitochondrial loci from samples spanning full species' range. Results The Australian, Papua Guinea Indonesian turtles are recovered as three distinct lineages; Australian lineage diverged lineages ca 660 Kya, while Province 564 Kya. Although fossil record shows that C. has been long‐standing representative fauna (since at least Miocene), extant later in Middle Pleistocene. Both were likely shaped by bottlenecks, isolation drift, which greatly reduced effective population sizes 48–88. Main Conclusions contemporary is most consistent vicariance model whereby large interchanging occupying came be fragmented into lineages. Subsequent dispersal via paleodrainages submerged continental shelf under influence Pleistocene sea‐level change thought have impeded Akimeugah Arafura Basins. All populations show low without gene flow, suggesting they vulnerable inbreeding fitness, requiring consideration rescue.

Language: Английский

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Sperm morphology of the Australasian hydromyine rodents and the interactions between the spermatozoon and oocyte at the time of fertilisation

Reproduction Fertility and Development, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 37(7)

Published: April 6, 2025

Context This paper explores the morphology of spermatozoa in Australian hydromyine rodents, specifically focusing on plains mouse (Pseudomys australis), and examines interactions between sperm eggs at time fertilisation. Aims The aim this study is to provide an overview comparing its across different species investigate gametes fertilisation mouse. Methods We summarise head rodents six divisions, with emphasis structure zona pellucida during Key results Most including mouse, exhibit a highly complex two prominent ventral processes addition apical hook. These primarily contain filamentous actin some New Guinea Pogonomys Division having nuclear extension into lower process. Nevertheless three few Pseudomys have derived heads which lack bind around ovulated oocyte. may stabilise facilitate penetration fusion oolemma time. Conclusion most likely date back over one million years with, interaction egg involving stabilisation attachment. Implications findings suggest valuable insights evolutionary development sperm-egg fertilisation, particular that role be critical for successful group. Understanding these could give insight broader studies reproductive strategies biology rodents.

Language: Английский

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