Climatic stability and geological history shape global centers of neo- and paleoendemism in seed plants

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(30)

Published: July 17, 2023

Assessing the distribution of geographically restricted and evolutionarily unique species their underlying drivers is key to understanding biogeographical processes critical for global conservation prioritization. Here, we quantified geographic phylogenetic endemism ~320,000 seed plants worldwide identified centers young (neoendemism) old (paleoendemism). Tropical subtropical islands as well tropical mountain regions displayed world's highest endemism. Most rainforest emerged paleoendemism, while most Mediterranean-climate showed high neoendemism. Centers where neo- paleoendemism coincide on some oceanic continental fragment islands, in parts Irano-Turanian floristic region. Global variation was explained by a combination past present environmental factors (79.8 87.7% variance explained) strongly related heterogeneity. Also, warm wet climates, isolation, long-term climatic stability Neo- were jointly geological history. Long-term promoted persistence paleoendemics, isolation histories Mountainous both reflecting diversification over time. Our study provides insights into evolutionary underpinnings patterns identifies areas Earth with uniqueness-key information setting priorities.

Language: Английский

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Are Mediterranean Island Mountains Hotspots of Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Biodiversity? The Case of the Endemic Flora of the Balearic Islands

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(14), P. 2640 - 2640

Published: July 13, 2023

The Mediterranean islands are exceptionally rich in endemism, most of which is narrowly distributed. Conservation measures, such as protected areas, have been prioritised, mainly on the basis species richness and but phylogenetic information should also be taken into account. In this study, we calculated several taxonomic metrics at a high resolution for endemic flora Balearic Islands (154 taxa), order to identify (i) spatial patterns environmental factors that explain (ii) hotspots (iii) gaps areas. showed different distribution patterns, mountainous areas Mallorca, some coastal Islands, highest values. These values were positively related elevation, precipitation, temperature, slope, negatively distance from coast, aspect, temperature wettest quarter. We identified top grid where all had values, nano-hotspots within these hotspots, peaks metrics' maximum coincided. This approach allowed us conservation priority highlight need review their boundaries definition.

Language: Английский

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A vision of human–AI collaboration for enhanced biological collection curation and research

BioScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 28, 2025

Abstract Natural history collections play a crucial role in our understanding of biodiversity, informing research, management, and policy areas such as biosecurity, conservation, climate change, food security. However, the growing volume specimens associated data presents significant challenges for curation management. By leveraging human–AI collaborations, we aim to transform way biological are curated managed, realizing their full potential addressing global challenges. In this article, discuss vision improving management using collaboration. We explore rationale behind approach, faced general problems, benefits that could be derived from incorporating AI-based assistants collection teams. Finally, examine future possibilities collaborations between human digital curators collection-based research.

Language: Английский

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Spatial and phylogenetic distribution of the genera of the Heliantheae tribe (Asteraceae) in Mexico

Botanical Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 103(3)

Published: May 3, 2025

Background: Biodiversity is described considering its alpha (local taxon richness), beta (difference of taxa between localities), or gamma (regional richness) components. We assessed the component using different facets, taxonomic and phylogenetic. In Mexico, more than half genera Heliantheae tribe are included in a phylogeny, taxonomically curated geographic database available, facilitating their study under these concepts. Question: Where greatest diversity concentrated Mexico from phylogenetic perspective? Data description: Geographic data 75 (gamma diversity) phylogeny including 45 Mexican genera. Study site: divided into grid 253 cells 1° latitude longitude. Methods: analyzed 22,166 records for to determine richness weighted endemism. Phylogenetic endemism were evaluated 13,251 molecular obtained with U.PhyloMaker. performed maps Biodiverse QGIS programs. Results: Twenty high values identified, 11 placed mountainous regions nine arid semiarid areas. A correlation exists diversity. Conclusions: Including missing could change biogeographic patterns All indices necessary select priority areas conservation associated biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Assessing angiosperm phylodiversity patterns in Argentine phytogeographical provinces using presence-only data

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 30, 2025

Abstract Studying spatial patterns of biodiversity allows us to infer how different ecological and evolutionary processes have interacted, but also understand its current distribution in order preserve it. The Argentinian flora is rich diverse due the variety environments that country includes. It has traditionally been classified into phytogeographical provinces, this being one most widely used bioregionalization schemes Argentina. Since these provinces reflect both historical dimensions, we propose analyse their angiosperm phylogenetic diversity using measures structure. results show divergence was generally lower with cold dry climates (e.g. Puna, Monte, Patagonia, Altoandina). Conversely, warm humid subtropical Paranaense, Yungas, Chaco), phylodiversity levels were higher. Although agree ‘tropical niche conservatism’ hypothesis, higher found Subantarctica province, consistent here ‘Austral hypothesis. Differences timescales over which accumulates, distinguishing Yungas from Paranaense provinces. This study aims contribute knowledge Argentine Southern Cone flora.

Language: Английский

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Niche conservatism and convergence in birds of three cenocrons in the Mexican Transition Zone

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. e16664 - e16664

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

The niche conservatism hypothesis postulates that physiological and phylogenetic factors constrain species distributions, creating richness hotspots with older lineages in ancestral climatic conditions. Conversely, convergence occurs when successfully disperse to novel environments, diversifying resulting areas high clustering endemism, low diversity, lower clade age. Mexican Transition Zone exhibits both patterns as its biotic assembly resulted from successive dispersal events of different elements called cenocrons. We test the biogeographic transitionallity area is a product Nearctic Typical Neotropical cenocrons Mountain Mesoamerican cenocron.

Language: Английский

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Reshaping biogeography: Perspectives on the past, present and future

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 50(8), P. 1405 - 1408

Published: July 8, 2023

and macroecology originated in a novel top-down statistical view (Brown & Maurer, 1989), to name but few.We are an age of innovationduringwhichtherapidemergenceofnewtechniquescan provide unparalleled information from the smallest largest spatial scales, individuals communities, seconds tomillennia.Moreover,acquireddataaremorenumerousandmore accessiblethaneverbefore-evenbeyondtraditionalresearchcommunities, many cases unprecedentedly vast increasingly globalepistemiccommunities-andtheorymorerefined.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling evolutionary cradles and museums of flowering plants in a neotropical biodiversity hotspot

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Colombia, renowned as an important centre of global biodiversity, continues to harbour undiscovered evolutionary hotspots flowering plants. The altitude-dependent hypothesis suggests that richness patterns are determined by altitude and probably influenced climate variables. This study employs null models based on a species-level phylogeny Colombia's plants their geographical distributions identify hotspots. We explore the potential correlation between elevation, variables such temperature rainfall, location nature these findings reveal cradles, which house young endemic species, predominantly located in mountainous regions Andes. Conversely, museums, hosting older found lowland spanning Caribbean, Orinoco, Amazon Pacific areas. These results demonstrate clear elevational segregation hotspots, primarily temperature, thereby supporting under examination. Furthermore, this identifies previously unrecognized regions, highlighting limited understanding biodiversity distribution history.

Language: Английский

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How to cross the desert if you are small and need mountains? Out‐of‐Ethiopia dispersal in Afromontane shrews

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 51(2), P. 230 - 245

Published: Oct. 17, 2023

Abstract Aim The Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot (EABH) offers an ideal location to investigate the evolutionary mechanisms producing a high level of endemic biodiversity. We tested hypothesis that cradle diversity is in largest sub‐region EABH montane archipelago, Ethiopian Highlands. Further, we expected climate oscillations followed by elevational shifts habitats facilitated dispersal small mammal populations across unsuitable arid lowlands. Location Mountains and highlands East Africa. Taxon Shrews genus Crocidura (Eastern phylogenetic clade). Methods collected comprehensive genetic data from 511 (mitochondrial gene for cytochrome b ) 147 (double digest Restriction‐Associated DNA sequencing) samples shrews EABH. estimated relationships with Bayesian Maximum Likelihood approaches. Population analyses were performed STRUCTURE evaluate internal structure species outside Ethiopia. Ancestral area routes analysed BioGeoBears package. Results Six major phylogenomic clades delimited based on concatenated nuclear loci. mitochondrial phylogeny roughly matches phylogenies, but poorer resolution. Five six revealed are restricted Highlands, which unambiguously this group mammals (also confirmed biogeographic analysis). All non‐Ethiopian single fall into sixth clade poorly resolved relationships. Detailed population analysis SNP pronounced multiple pools clade; however, only partly corresponds current taxonomy. Main Conclusions originated They radiated there, through southward event Turkana depression, they colonised rest response diverse geomorphology climatic changes during Plio‐Pleistocene.

Language: Английский

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The Global Biogeography Initiative

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 50(8), P. 1373 - 1376

Published: July 8, 2023

While theseshortfallsareincreasinglyobvious-skimmingjustthisjournal's pageswillquicklyillustratepublishedpapersarenotrepresentative of the full spatial diversity important biogeographical questions, nor people who might ask them-our ability to fill gaps remainslimitedbecauseopportunityandresourcesalsoareunevenly distributed.Addressingtheseshortfallsisanessentialconsideration forthefutureofbiogeography.Self-

Language: Английский

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