Irritability in Youths: A Critical Integrative Review

American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 181(4), P. 275 - 290

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Irritability, defined as proneness to anger that may impair an individual's functioning, is common in youths. There has been a recent upsurge relevant research. The authors combine systematic and narrative review approaches integrate the latest clinical translational findings provide suggestions for addressing research gaps. Clinicians researchers should assess irritability routinely, specific assessment tools are now available. Informant effects prominent, stable, vary by age gender. prevalence of particularly high among individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum mood anxiety disorders. Irritability associated impairment suicidality risk independent co-occurring diagnoses. Developmental trajectories (which begin early life) have identified differentially outcomes. Youth increased anxiety, depression, behavioral problems, later life. moderately heritable, genetic associations differ based on comorbid illnesses. Parent management training effective treating psychological problems related irritability, but its efficacy be tested rigorously, novel mechanism-informed interventions (e.g., those targeting exposure frustration). Associations between impact cultural context important, underresearched topics. Analyses large, diverse longitudinal samples extend into adulthood needed. Data from both animal human indicate aberrant responses frustration threat central pathophysiology revealing important opportunities.

Language: Английский

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Neural synchrony in mother–child conversation: Exploring the role of conversation patterns

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(1-2), P. 93 - 102

Published: June 11, 2020

Conversations are an essential form of communication in daily family life. Specific patterns caregiver-child conversations have been linked to children's socio-cognitive development and child-relationship quality beyond the immediate environment. Recently, interpersonal neural synchronization has proposed as a mechanism supporting conversation. Here, we present functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning study looking at temporal dynamics synchrony during mother-child Preschoolers (20 boys 20 girls, M age 5;07 years) their mothers (M 36.37 were tested simultaneously with fNIRS while engaging free verbal conversation lasting for 4 min. Neural (using wavelet transform coherence analysis) was assessed over time. Furthermore, each conversational turn coded comprising turn-taking, relevance, contingency intrusiveness. Results from linear mixed-effects modeling revealed that but not or intrusiveness predicted discussed point out possible variables affecting parent-child potential role

Language: Английский

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Interpersonal Neural Synchrony During Father–Child Problem Solving: An fNIRS Hyperscanning Study

Child Development, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 92(4)

Published: Jan. 10, 2021

Interpersonal neural synchrony (INS) has been previously evidenced in mother-child interactions, yet findings concerning father-child interaction are wanting. The current experiment examined whether fathers and their 5- to 6-year-old children (N = 66) synchronize brain activity during a naturalistic interaction, addressed paternal child factors related INS. Compared individual problem solving rest, dyads showed increased INS bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex left temporo-parietal junction cooperative solving. Furthermore, the father's attitude toward his role as parent was positively cooperation condition. These results highlight implication of parenting processes for first time.

Language: Английский

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A Guide to Parent-Child fNIRS Hyperscanning Data Processing and Analysis

Sensors, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(12), P. 4075 - 4075

Published: June 13, 2021

The use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning during naturalistic interactions in parent–child dyads has substantially advanced our understanding the neurobiological underpinnings human social interaction. However, despite rise developmental studies over last years, analysis procedures have not yet been standardized and are often individually developed by each research team. This article offers a guide on fNIRS data MATLAB R. We provide an example dataset 20 assessed cooperative versus individual problem-solving task, with brain signal acquired using 16 channels located bilateral frontal temporo-parietal areas. toolboxes Homer2 SPM for to preprocess suggest procedure. Next, we calculate interpersonal neural synchrony between Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC) illustrate how run random pair control spurious correlations signal. then RStudio estimate Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) account bounded distribution coherence values analyses. With this guide, hope offer advice future investigations enhance replicability within field.

Language: Английский

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Technologically-assisted communication attenuates inter-brain synchrony

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 264, P. 119677 - 119677

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

The transition to technologically-assisted communication has permeated all facets of human social life; yet, its impact on the brain is still unknown and effects may be particularly intense during periods developmental transitions. Applying a two-brain perspective, current preregistered study utilized hyperscanning EEG measure brain-to-brain synchrony in 62 mother-child pairs at adolescence (child age; M = 12.26, range 10-14) live face-to-face interaction versus remote communication. elicited 9 significant cross-brain links between densely inter-connected frontal temporal areas beta [14-30 Hz]. Mother's right region connected with child's left frontal, temporal, central regions, suggesting regulatory role organizing dynamics. In contrast, only 1 cross-brain-cross-hemisphere link, attenuating robust right-to-right-brain connectivity moments that communicates socio-affective signals. Furthermore, while level behavior was comparable two interactions, brain-behavior associations emerged exchange. Mother-child temporal-temporal linked shared gaze degree child engagement empathic correlated frontal-frontal synchrony. Our findings indicate co-presence underpinned by specific neurobiological processes should studied depth. Much further research needed tease apart whether "Zoom fatigue" experienced technological stem, part, from overload more limited inter-brain connections address potential cost technology for maturation, among youth.

Language: Английский

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Coregulation: A Multilevel Approach via Biology and Behavior

Children, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 1323 - 1323

Published: July 31, 2023

In this article, we explore the concept of coregulation, which encompasses mutual adaptation between partners in response to one another’s biology and behavior. Coregulation operates at both biological (hormonal nervous system) behavioral (affective cognitive) levels plays a crucial role development self-regulation. extends beyond actions individuals dyad involves interactive contributions partners. We use as an example parent–child is pervasive expected, it emerges from shared genetic relatedness, cohabitation, continuous interaction, influence common factors like culture, facilitate interpersonal coregulation. also highlight emerging field neural attunement, investigates coordination brain-based activities individuals, particularly social interactions. Understanding mechanisms significance attunement adds new dimension our understanding coregulation its implications for relationships child development.

Language: Английский

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Visualizing the invisible tie: Linking parent–child neural synchrony to parents’ and children's attachment representations

Developmental Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 24, 2024

Abstract It is a central tenet of attachment theory that individual differences in representations organize behavior during social interactions. Secure also facilitate behavioral synchrony, key component adaptive parent–child Yet, the dynamic neural processes underlying these interactions and potential role remain largely unknown. A growing body research indicates interpersonal synchrony (INS) could be neurobiological correlate high interaction relationship quality. In this study, we examined whether associated with parent child representations. total, 140 parents (74 mothers 66 fathers) their children (age 5–6 years; 60 girls 80 boys) engaged cooperative versus problem‐solving. INS frontal temporal regions was assessed functional near‐infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning. Attachment were ascertained by means Adult Interview story‐completion task children, alongside video‐coded synchrony. Findings revealed increased problem solving across all dyads (𝛸 2 (2) = 9.37, p 0.009). Remarkably, but not ( > 0.159) cooperation. More specifically, insecure maternal related to higher mother–child (3) 9.18, 0.027). Conversely, secure daughter daughter–parent within 12.58, 0.006). Our data thus provide further indication for as promising probe underpinnings context early Research Highlights We using narrative measures parent‐child Dyads including showed left prefrontal regions. daughters right temporo‐parietal interactions, especially mutual prediction framework.

Language: Английский

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Generation WhatsApp: inter-brain synchrony during face-to-face and texting communication

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Texting has become one of the most prevalent ways to interact socially, particularly among youth; however, effects text messaging on social brain functioning are unknown. Guided by biobehavioral synchrony frame, this pre-registered study utilized hyperscanning EEG evaluate interbrain during face-to-face versus texting interactions. Participants included 65 mother-adolescent dyads observed conversation compared from different rooms. Results indicate that both and communication elicit significant neural surrogate data, demonstrating for first time brain-to-brain texting. Direct comparison between two interactions highlighted 8 fronto-temporal links were significantly stronger in interaction Our findings suggest partners co-create a network inter-brain connections live exchanges. The degree improvement partners' right-frontal-right-frontal connectivity correlated with greater behavioral synchrony, suggesting well-researched connection may be specific communication. while technology-based allows humans synchronize afar, remain superior mode interpersonal connection. We conclude discussing potential benefits drawbacks pervasive use texting, youth.

Language: Английский

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A systematic review of caregiver–child physiological synchrony across systems: Associations with behavior and child functioning

Development and Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 32(5), P. 1754 - 1777

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Abstract Extensive research has established a positive association between caregiver-child behavioral synchrony and child developmental functioning. Burgeoning examining physiological yet to elucidate its impact for children’s developing self-regulation. The objectives of this systematic review were to: 1) determine whether there is evidence that promotes development, 2) examine differences in correlates, 3) explore context, risk, and/or stress influence patterns synchrony. Sixty-nine studies met the following criteria on PubMed PsycINFO: peer-reviewed empirical articles English autonomic, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical, central nervous system activity caregivers children 4) response task 5) directly caregiver physiology. Findings varied based period current context. Functional may exist across systems contexts. Synchrony have different consequences dyads with without certain risk factors. Few multiple or contexts, nor do they measure characteristics associated Statistical methodological challenges impede interpretation. generally support idea Longitudinal needed outcomes over time.

Language: Английский

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Studying parent-child interaction with hyperscanning

Progress in brain research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 24

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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