Sperm bauplan and function and underlying processes of sperm formation and selection

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 102(1), P. 7 - 60

Published: April 21, 2021

The spermatozoon is a highly differentiated and polarized cell, with two main structures: the head, containing haploid nucleus acrosomal exocytotic granule, flagellum, which generates energy propels cell; both structures are connected by neck. sperm’s aim to participate in fertilization, thus activating development. Despite this common bauplan function, there an enormous diversity structure performance of sperm cells. For example, mammalian spermatozoa may exhibit several head patterns overall lengths ranging from ∼30 350 µm. Mechanisms transport female tract, preparation for recognition interaction oocyte also show considerable variation. There has been much interest understanding origin diversity, evolutionary terms relation mechanisms underlying differentiation testis. Here, relationships between function examined at levels: first, analyzing selective forces that drive changes physiology understand adaptive values variation impact on male reproductive success second, examining cellular molecular formation testis explain how can give rise such wide array forms functions.

Language: Английский

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Single-molecule long-read sequencing reveals a conserved intact long RNA profile in sperm

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: March 1, 2021

Abstract Sperm contributes diverse RNAs to the zygote. While sperm small have been shown impact offspring phenotypes, our knowledge of transcriptome, especially composition long RNAs, has limited by lack sensitive, high-throughput experimental techniques that can distinguish intact from fragmented known abound in sperm. Here, we integrate single-molecule long-read sequencing with short-read detect (spiRNAs). We identify 3440 spiRNA species mice and 4100 humans. The profile consists both mRNAs non-coding is evolutionarily conserved between humans, displays an enrichment encoding for ribosome. In sum, characterize landscape sperm, paving way future studies on their biogenesis functions. Our bioinformatics approaches be applied other tissues organisms transcripts.

Language: Английский

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Co-Adaptation of Physical Attributes of the Mammalian Female Reproductive Tract and Sperm to Facilitate Fertilization

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 1297 - 1297

Published: May 24, 2021

The functions of the female reproductive tract not only encompass sperm migration, storage, and fertilization, but also support transport development fertilized egg through to birth offspring. Further, because is open external environment, it must provide protection against invasive pathogens. In biophysics, are considered “pusher microswimmers”, they propelled by pushing fluid behind them. This type swimming motile microorganisms promotes tendency swim along walls upstream in gentle flows. Thus, architecture tract, flows created cilia, can guide migration. viscoelasticity fluids such as mucus secretions, cooperative that improve fertilization success; at same time, impede invasion review focused on how mammalian interact physically facilitate movement site fertilization. Knowledge female/sperm interactions explain site, be applied for improvement vitro devices.

Language: Английский

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Sperm morphology of the Australasian hydromyine rodents and the interactions between the spermatozoon and oocyte at the time of fertilisation

Reproduction Fertility and Development, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 37(7)

Published: April 6, 2025

Context This paper explores the morphology of spermatozoa in Australian hydromyine rodents, specifically focusing on plains mouse (Pseudomys australis), and examines interactions between sperm eggs at time fertilisation. Aims The aim this study is to provide an overview comparing its across different species investigate gametes fertilisation mouse. Methods We summarise head rodents six divisions, with emphasis structure zona pellucida during Key results Most including mouse, exhibit a highly complex two prominent ventral processes addition apical hook. These primarily contain filamentous actin some New Guinea Pogonomys Division having nuclear extension into lower process. Nevertheless three few Pseudomys have derived heads which lack bind around ovulated oocyte. may stabilise facilitate penetration fusion oolemma time. Conclusion most likely date back over one million years with, interaction egg involving stabilisation attachment. Implications findings suggest valuable insights evolutionary development sperm-egg fertilisation, particular that role be critical for successful group. Understanding these could give insight broader studies reproductive strategies biology rodents.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary Aspects of Sperm Physiology and Its Assessment

Methods in molecular biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 29 - 41

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the Sperm Bauplan: Relationships Between Sperm Head Morphology and Sperm Function in Rodents

Biology of Reproduction, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 95(1), P. 25 - 25

Published: June 8, 2016

Rodents have spermatozoa with features not seen in other species. Sperm heads many rodent species bear one or more apical extensions known as "hooks." The process by which hooks evolved, together their adaptive significance, are still controversial issues. In order to improve our understanding of the biological meaning these sperm head adaptations, we analyzed hook curvature angles, length, and overall shape muroid rodents using geometric morphometrics. We also searched for relationships between design measurements intermale competition assess whether postcopulatory sexual selection was an important selective force driving changes this structure. Finally, sought possible links aspects velocity a measure performance. Results showed that angle is under strong pressure. Similarly, length appears be strongly selected selection, exhibiting stabilizing role reducing variation trait. significance structure supported finding there significant covariations dimensions swimming velocity. Overall, study suggests has effect on that, turn, enhancing velocity, function crucial reaching vicinity female gamete winning fertilizations competitive situations.

Language: Английский

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Faster and more efficient swimming: energy consumption of murine spermatozoa under sperm competition†

Biology of Reproduction, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 100(2), P. 420 - 428

Published: Sept. 10, 2018

ATP supply is essential for sperm performance and increases in content coevolve with enhanced swimming velocity as a response to competition rodents. the balance between production consumption but, although has received much attention, little known about consumption. The rate of crucial propagation flagellar wave, becoming main determinant time distance could move before exhausting their reserves. A high yield per unit consumed (efficiency) provide advantages competition. We characterized group mouse species different levels understand its impact on velocity, duration, Interspecific comparisons revealed that higher had rates faster velocity. Moreover, at swam more efficiently, since they were able cover consumed. Our results suggest by coupling turnover increased efficiency expenditure, would respond increasingly competitive environments while maintaining positive balance.

Language: Английский

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Apical Sperm Hook Morphology Is Linked to Sperm Swimming Performance and Sperm Aggregation in Peromyscus Mice

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. 2279 - 2279

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

Mammals exhibit a tremendous amount of variation in sperm morphology and despite the acknowledgement structural diversity across taxa, its functional significance remains poorly understood. Of particular interest is rodents. While most Eutherian mammal spermatozoa are relatively simple cells with round or paddle-shaped heads, rodent often more complex and, many species, display striking apical hook. The function hook largely unknown, but it has been hypothesized to have evolved as an adaptation inter-male competition thus implicated increased swimming efficiency formation collective movements. Here we empirically test these hypotheses within single lineage Peromyscus rodents, which closely related species naturally vary their mating systems, head shapes, propensity form aggregates varying sizes. We performed morphological analyses well vitro aggregation motility examine whether (i) morphologically varies (ii) associates competition, aggregation, motility. demonstrate inter-specific then show that width negatively speed, signifying larger hooks may be hindrance movement this group mice. Finally, confirmed hinders subset leucopus mice spontaneously produced no highly abnormal hooks. Taken together, our findings suggest any adaptive value likely associated other than such interaction ova cumulous during fertilization, migration through female reproductive tract.

Language: Английский

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Cellular geometry controls the efficiency of motile sperm aggregates

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(148), P. 20180702 - 20180702

Published: Nov. 1, 2018

Sperm that swim collectively to the fertilization site have been observed across several vertebrate and invertebrate species, with groups ranging in size from sperm pairs massive aggregates containing hundreds of cells. Although molecular mechanisms regulate sperm-sperm adhesion are still unclear, aggregation can enhance motility thus offer a advantage. Here, we report thorough computational investigation on role cellular geometry performance aggregates. The head is modelled as persistent random walker characterized by non-trivial three-dimensional shape equipped an adhesive region where cell-cell binding occurs. By considering both, simple parametric computer reconstruction real based morphometric data, demonstrate structure crucially affects both stability Our analysis further suggests apical hook commonly found muroid rodents might serve shield portions promote efficient alignment velocities interacting

Language: Английский

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Sperm morphology of the Rattini – are the interspecific differences due to variation in intensity of intermale sperm competition?

Reproduction Fertility and Development, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 30(11), P. 1434 - 1434

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

It is widely accepted that in mammals a causal relationship exists between postcopulatory sexual selection and relative testes mass of the species concerned, but how much it determines sperm size shape debatable. Here we detailed for largest murine rodent tribe, Rattini, interspecific differences form. We found residual correlates with head apical hook length as well its angle, together tail length, within several lineages few have evolved highly divergent morphology reduced or absent shorter tail. Although most 1-4%, these derived traits invariably co-occur smaller mass. therefore suggest high levels intermale competition maintain long tail, whereas low generally result heads short non-existent thus conclude major selective force driving form this large tribe rodents.

Language: Английский

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