A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

The human body is full of an extensive number commensal microbes, consisting bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the microbiome. initial acquisition microbiota occurs from both external maternal environments, vast majority them colonize gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These microbial communities play a central role in maturation development immune system, nervous GIT system are also responsible for essential metabolic pathways. Various factors, including host genetic predisposition, environmental lifestyle, diet, antibiotic or nonantibiotic drug use, etc., affect composition gut microbiota. Recent publications have highlighted that imbalance microflora, known as dysbiosis, associated with onset progression neurological disorders. Moreover, characterization microbiome-host cross talk pathways provides insight into novel therapeutic strategies. Novel preclinical clinical research on interventions related to microbiome treating conditions, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's epilepsy, stroke, hold significant promise. This review aims present comprehensive overview potential involvement pathogenesis particular emphasis microbe-based therapies and/or diagnostic biomarkers. discusses health benefits administration probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics fecal transplantation

Language: Английский

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Pain regulation by gut microbiota: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential

British Journal of Anaesthesia, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 123(5), P. 637 - 654

Published: Sept. 21, 2019

The relationship between gut microbiota and neurological diseases, including chronic pain, has received increasing attention. microbiome is a crucial modulator of visceral whereas recent evidence suggests that may also play critical role in many other types inflammatory headache, neuropathic opioid tolerance. We present narrative review the current understanding on pain regulation discuss possibility targeting for management pain. Numerous signalling molecules derived from microbiota, such as by-products metabolites, neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, act their receptors remarkably regulate peripheral central sensitisation, which turn mediate development Gut microbiota-derived mediators serve modulators induction directly or indirectly regulating excitability primary nociceptive neurones. In nervous system, neuroinflammation, involves activation cells blood-brain barrier, microglia, infiltrating immune cells, to modulate maintenance sensitisation. Thus, we propose regulates by diet pharmabiotic intervention represent new therapeutic strategy

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 266, P. 1 - 13

Published: Jan. 24, 2020

Language: Английский

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Gut–Brain Axis: Role of Gut Microbiota on Neurological Disorders and How Probiotics/Prebiotics Beneficially Modulate Microbial and Immune Pathways to Improve Brain Functions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(20), P. 7551 - 7551

Published: Oct. 13, 2020

The gut microbiome acts as an integral part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that has largest and vulnerable surface with desirable features to observe foods, nutrients, environmental factors, well differentiate commensals, invading pathogens, others. It is well-known a strong connection central nervous system (CNS) in context health disease. A healthy diverse microbes vital for normal brain functions emotional behaviors. In addition, CNS controls most aspects GI physiology. molecular interaction between gut/microbiome complex bidirectional, ensuring maintenance homeostasis proper digestion. Besides this, several mechanisms have been proposed, including endocrine, neuronal, toll-like receptor, metabolites-dependent pathways. Changes bidirectional relationship GIT are linked pathogenesis neurological disorders; therefore, microbiota/gut-and-brain axis emerging widely accepted concept. this review, we summarize recent findings supporting role microbiota immune on development disorders. highlight advances improving diseases by probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics fecal transplantation via concept gut–brain axis.

Language: Английский

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Gastrointestinal pain

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2020

Language: Английский

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Signaling pathways in Parkinson’s disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative worldwide, and its treatment remains a big challenge. The pathogenesis of PD may be related to environmental genetic factors, exposure toxins gene mutations beginning brain lesions. identified mechanisms include α-synuclein aggregation, oxidative stress, ferroptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, gut dysbiosis. interactions among these molecular complicate pose great challenges drug development. At same time, diagnosis detection are also one obstacles due long latency complex mechanism. Most conventional therapeutic interventions for possess limited effects have serious side effects, heightening need develop novel treatments this disease. In review, we systematically summarized pathogenesis, especially PD, classical research models, clinical diagnostic criteria, reported therapy strategies, as well newly candidates in trials. We shed light on components derived from medicinal plants that their treatment, with expectation provide summary outlook developing next generation drugs preparations therapy.

Language: Английский

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Interactions Between the Gut Microbiota and the Host Innate Immune Response Against Pathogens

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 29, 2019

The mammalian intestine is colonized by over a trillion microbes that comprise the "gut microbiota," microbial community which has co-evolved with host to form mutually beneficial relationship. Accumulating evidence indicates gut microbiota participates in immune system maturation and also plays central role defense against pathogens. Here we review some of mechanisms employed boost innate response pathogens present on epithelial mucosal surfaces. Antimicrobial peptide secretion, inflammasome activation induction IL-22, IL-17 IL-10 production are most commonly observed strategies for anti-pathogen defense. Taken together, body suggests can elicit immunity

Language: Английский

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The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic options

Brain, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 144(9), P. 2571 - 2593

Published: April 12, 2021

Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in which gastrointestinal symptoms may appear prior to motor symptoms. The gut microbiota of patients with shows unique changes, be used as early biomarkers disease. Alterations the composition related cause or effect non-motor symptoms, but specific pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. and its metabolites have been suggested involved pathogenesis by regulating neuroinflammation, barrier function neurotransmitter activity. There bidirectional communication between enteric nervous system CNS, microbiota-gut-brain axis provide pathway for transmission α-synuclein. We highlight recent discoveries about alterations focus on current mechanistic insights into pathophysiology. Moreover, we discuss interactions production α-synuclein inflammation neuroinflammation. In addition, draw attention diet modification, use probiotics prebiotics faecal transplantation potential therapeutic approaches that lead new treatment paradigm

Language: Английский

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Guts Imbalance Imbalances the Brain: A Review of Gut Microbiota Association With Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: March 31, 2022

Over the last 10 years, there has been a growing interest in relationship between gut microbiota, brain, and neurologic-associated affections. As multiple preclinical clinical research studies highlight microbiota’s potential to modulate general state of health state, it goes without saying that microbiota plays significant role neurogenesis, mental cognitive development, emotions, behaviors, progression neuropsychiatric illnesses. Gut produces important biologic products that, through gut-brain axis, are directly connected with appearance evolution neurological psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, autism, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s dementia, sclerosis, epilepsy. This study reviews recent on link microbiome’s shaping development most common Moreover, special attention is paid use probiotic formulations non-invasive therapeutic opportunity for prevention management neuropsychiatric-associated

Language: Английский

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The enteric nervous system

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 103(2), P. 1487 - 1564

Published: Dec. 15, 2022

Of all the organ systems in body, gastrointestinal tract is most complicated terms of numbers structures involved, each with different functions, and types signaling molecules utilized. The digestion food absorption nutrients, electrolytes, water occurs a hostile luminal environment that contains large diverse microbiota. At core regulatory control digestive defensive functions enteric nervous system (ENS), complex neurons glia gut wall. In this review, we discuss 1) intrinsic neural involved 2) how ENS interacts immune system, microbiota, epithelium to maintain mucosal defense barrier function. We highlight developments have revolutionized our understanding physiology pathophysiology control. These include new molecular architecture ENS, organization function motor circuits, roles glia. explore transduction stimuli by enteroendocrine cells, regulation intestinal glia, local role microbiota regulating structure ENS. Multifunctional work together glial macrophages, interstitial cells integrating an array signals initiate outputs are precisely regulated space time homeostasis.

Language: Английский

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