Evolution, biology, and genetics of seaweeds

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 19 - 34

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

Language: Английский

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Using sporeless sporophytes as a next step towards upscaling offshore kelp cultivation

Journal of Applied Phycology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(1), P. 313 - 320

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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The model system Ectocarpus: Integrating functional genomics into brown algal research

Journal of Phycology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 59(1), P. 4 - 8

Published: Dec. 7, 2022

Much of the detailed knowledge we have today in biology was obtained through study a limited number model organisms, with often one or small models serving as key reference species for entire phylogenetic lineages (Davis 2004).For example Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster and Arabidopsis thaliana played extremely important roles investigating diverse biological features eubacteria, fungi, animals land plants, respectively.As members stramenopiles, brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are very distantly related to most commonly used eukaryotic whether they be from animal, fungi plant lineages, these classical therefore relevance many unusual that specific algal lineage.Based on this observation, Peters et al. ( 2004) proposed adoption Ectocarpus central organism research.This choice based primarily size its nuclear genome, itself capacity complete sexual life cycle relatively short time (about three months) laboratory.Ectocarpus also chosen because considerable body earlier work, principally Dieter Müller's laboratory Konstanz, had demonstrated potential already led several discoveries including structure, pheromone an inserted viral genome (Müller 1964

Language: Английский

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Trans-Arctic asymmetries, melting pots and weak species cohesion in the low-dispersal amphiboreal seaweed Fucus distichus

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 18, 2024

Amphiboreal taxa are often composed of vicariant phylogroups and species complexes whose divergence phylogeographic affinities reflect a shared history chronic isolation episodic trans-Arctic dispersal. Ecological filters shifting selective pressures may also promote sweeps, niche shifts ecological speciation during colonization, but these seldom considered at biogeographical scales. Here we integrate genetic data Ecologic Niche Models (ENMs) to investigate the historical biogeography cohesion polymorphic rockweed Fucus distichus throughout its immense amphiboreal range, focusing on asymmetries, glacial/interglacial dynamics, integrity sympatric eco-morphotypes. Populations were sampled Pacific Atlantic, from southern rear-edges high-Arctic. They genotyped for seven microsatellites an mtDNA spacer, diversity structure assessed global local ENMs used compare magnitude post-glacial range in versus Atlantic sub-ranges. Haplotypic genotypic revealed distinct seemingly isolated vs Arctic/Atlantic gene-pools, with finer-scale regional sub-structuring pervasive Pacific. MtDNA was highly structured overwhelmingly concentrated Regionally, Alaska showed highest intra-population lowest levels endemism. Some sympatric/parapatric ecotypes exhibited genotypic/haplotypic compositions. Strikingly, models higher tolerance maximum temperatures predicted much more consolidated presence NE Atlantic. Glacial modern ranges overlapped extensively Pacific, whereas largely glaciated or emerged Last Maximum. Higher ecogeographic supports primary diversification secondary likely reflecting larger stable climatic refugia The relic distribution reduced ecological/morphological plasticity hypothesized functional bottlenecks, recent colonization competition congeners. Within signatures melting pot eastern populations. Genetic/ecotypic variation generally not sufficiently discontinuous consistent justify recognizing multiple taxonomic entities, support separate rear-edge. We predict that layered patterns structure, incipient differences might be common among widespread low-dispersal taxa.

Language: Английский

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Population genomics reveals strong impacts of genetic drift without purging and guides conservation of bull and giant kelp

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 13, 2024

Summary Kelp forests are declining in many parts of the northeast Pacific 1–4 . In small populations, genetic drift can reduce adaptive variation and increase fixation recessive deleterious alleles 5–7 , but natural selection may purge harmful variants 8–10 To understand evolutionary dynamics inform restoration strategies, we investigated structure outcomes purging by sequencing genomes 429 bull kelp ( Nereocystis luetkeana ) 211 giant Macrocystis pyrifera sensu lato 11 ; cf. 12 from coastlines British Columbia Washington. We identified 6-7 geographically genetically distinct clusters each species. Low effective population size was associated with low diversity high inbreeding coefficients (including increased selfing rates), extreme these health indices among populations more moderate kelp. found no evidence that is putative either Instead, has fixed such kelp, leading us to predict (1) reduced within-population depression which be an observed shift toward rate, (2) hybrid vigour crosses between populations. Our genomic findings imply several strategies for optimal sourcing crossing aquaculture, require experimental validation. Overall, our work reveals strong suggests conservation should consider multiple risks faced whose dominated drift.

Language: Английский

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Macroalgae of the high-Arctic Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago

Botanica Marina, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65(5), P. 357 - 370

Published: Sept. 5, 2022

Abstract Most of the archipelagos Russian Arctic are still extremely poorly studied. New data have been obtained using SCUBA diving and on-shore sampling during “Open Ocean: Archipelagos – 2019. Severnaya Zemlya” expedition, which provided a significant update to scarce information on seaweeds Zemlya Archipelago. The list macroalgae archipelago includes 48 species date, belonging Chlorophyta (17 species), Rhodophyta (18), Phaeophyceae (13). Twenty-eight recorded for first time in study area; three new entire Arctic. taxonomic status some observed is discussed. For time, wide distribution kelps described sub-tidal zone high-Arctic areas Siberian shelf, severely affected by ice disturbance glacial processes. highest population densities kelp communities near Krasnoflotskie Islands (the Kara Sea) Akhmatov Mikoyan bays Laptev Sea). Further studies flora vegetation both Archipelago shelf other required.

Language: Английский

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Sea ice and substratum shape extensive kelp forests in the Canadian Arctic

Published: Sept. 23, 2021

Kelp Forests of the Canadian Arctic biomass and seaweed diversity, suggesting kelp could increase, species composition forests shift, as sea ice diminishes in some areas Eastern Arctic.Our findings demonstrate high potential productivity this extensive coastal zone highlight need to better understand ecology system services it provides.

Language: Английский

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