Great tits take greater risk toward humans and sparrowhawks in urban habitats than in forests DOI
Ernő Vincze, Ivett Pipoly, Gábor Seress

et al.

Ethology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 125(10), P. 686 - 701

Published: July 18, 2019

Abstract Urban animals often take more risk toward humans than their non‐urban conspecifics do, but it is unclear how urbanization affects behavior non‐human predators. Responses to and predators may covary due common mechanisms enforcing a phenotypic correlation. However, while increased tolerance be advantageous for urban animals, reduced vigilance that can pose actual threat costly. Therefore, benefit from showing specific responses different levels, such as versus predators, or hostile non‐hostile humans. To test these alternatives, we compared (latencies return nest) of forest‐breeding great tits ( Parus major ) familiar unfamiliar well one the sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus ). We found birds were risk‐taking both forest birds. did not correlate with either within across habitats. This suggests higher forest‐dwelling threat‐specific response lower predation rather spillover effect Furthermore, responded similarly (potentially dangerous) in habitats, suggesting adjust represented by individual These findings indicate flexibly certain, all, types threat.

Language: Английский

The evolutionary consequences of human–wildlife conflict in cities DOI Creative Commons
Christopher J. Schell, Lauren A. Stanton, Julie K. Young

et al.

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 178 - 197

Published: Sept. 17, 2020

Human-wildlife interactions, including human-wildlife conflict, are increasingly common as expanding urbanization worldwide creates more opportunities for people to encounter wildlife. Wildlife-vehicle collisions, zoonotic disease transmission, property damage, and physical attacks or their pets have negative consequences both wildlife, underscoring the need comprehensive strategies that mitigate prevent conflict altogether. Management techniques often aim deter, relocate, remove individual organisms, all of which may present a significant selective force in urban nonurban systems. Management-induced selection significantly affect adaptive nonadaptive evolutionary processes populations, yet few studies explicate links among wildlife management, evolution. Moreover, intensity management can vary considerably by taxon, public perception, policy, religious cultural beliefs, geographic region, underscores complexity developing flexible tools reduce conflict. Here, we cross-disciplinary perspective integrates evolution address how social-ecological drive adaptation cities. We emphasize variance implemented actions shapes strength rate phenotypic change. also consider specific either promote genetic plastic changes, leveraging those biological inferences could help optimize while minimizing Investigating an phenomenon provide insights into arises plays critical role shaping phenotypes.

Language: Английский

Citations

137
Decreased vigilance or habituation to humans? Mechanisms on increased boldness in urban animals DOI
Kenta Uchida, Kei Suzuki, Tatsuki Shimamoto

et al.

Behavioral Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 30(6), P. 1583 - 1590

Published: June 30, 2019

Abstract Increased boldness is one of the most prevalent behavioral modifications seen in urban animals and thought to be a coping response anthropogenic environmental alterations. Most previous studies have shown enhanced manifested as changes responses humans approaching, such reductions flight initiation distance (FID). However, this includes two confounding factors related “boldness,” that is, reduction vigilance habituation humans. Confounding these totally different processes could lead our misunderstanding adaptation how properly manage wildlife. Here, we propose simple framework separate using measures toward approaching threats. We considered at which targeted individuals noticed an object (i.e., alert distance, AD) was vigilance, whereas FID represented risk assessment, habituation. applied predictive AD Eurasian red squirrels’ multiple threats levels humans, model predators, novel objects). shorter compared with rural ones but not among objects. also varied objects shortest showed similar These results suggest that, although reduced they still assess levels. Our can easily many significantly improve understanding wild animals’ adaptations environments.

Language: Английский

Citations

87
Parental habituation to human disturbance over time reduces fear of humans in coyote offspring DOI Creative Commons
Christopher J. Schell, Julie K. Young, Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(24), P. 12965 - 12980

Published: Dec. 1, 2018

Abstract A fundamental tenet of maternal effects assumes that variance over time should have discordant consequences for offspring traits across litters. Yet, seldom are parents observed multiple reproductive bouts, with few studies considering anthropogenic disturbances as an ecological driver effects. We captive coyote ( Canis latrans ) pairs two successive litters to determine whether among‐litter differences in behavior (i.e., risk‐taking) and hormones cortisol testosterone) corresponded parental plasticity habituation. Thus, we explicitly test the hypothesis accumulating experiences disturbance reduces fear which disparate phenotypic first‐ second‐litter offspring. To quantify risk‐taking behavior, used foraging assays from 5–15 weeks age a human observer present proxy disturbance. At 5, 10, 15 age, collected shaved hair pup hormone levels. then quantitative genetic approach estimate heritability, repeatability, between‐trait correlations. found were riskier foraged more frequently) their second versus first litters, supporting our prediction become increasingly habituated time. Second‐litter pups also less risk‐averse than first‐litter siblings. Heritability all did not differ zero (0.001–0.018); however, moderate support repeatability r = 0.085–0.421). Lastly, evidence positive cohort correlations among traits, implying identity common environment) contributes development syndromes pups. Our results suggest habituation may be cue reduce response, thus emphasizing role shaping pups’ behavioral hormonal responses toward humans.

Language: Английский

Citations

61
Behavioural correlations across multiple stages of the antipredator response: do animals that escape sooner hide longer? DOI Creative Commons
Chelsea A. Ortiz‐Jimenez, Marcus Michelangeli,

Erika L. Pendleton

et al.

Animal Behaviour, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185, P. 175 - 184

Published: Feb. 4, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

29
The role of urban habitats in the abundance of red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris, L.) in Finland DOI
Jukka Jokimäki, Vesa Selonen, Aleksi Lehikoinen

et al.

Urban forestry & urban greening, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 27, P. 100 - 108

Published: June 30, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

51
How do animals navigate the urban jungle? A review of cognition in urban-adapted animals DOI
Rohan Sarkar, Anindita Bhadra

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 46, P. 101177 - 101177

Published: July 6, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Seeds and the City: The Interdependence of Zoochory and Ecosystem Dynamics in Urban Environments DOI Creative Commons
Tiziana A. Gelmi‐Candusso, Anni Hämäläinen

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: March 4, 2019

The increasing urban sprawl has contributed to the extensive fragmentation and reduction of natural habitat worldwide. Urbanization a range adverse effects on ecosystem functioning, including disruption plant dispersal processes across landscape. Urban can alter distance directionality dispersal, leading disrupted gene flow among populations. plants that rely animal-mediated (zoochory) may be disproportionately affected by urbanization, as many animals avoid areas or restrict their movements within habitats. This could efficiency animal vectors modify seed While recent studies suggest networks complex dynamic even in highly managed green with relatively low biodiversity, zoochory environments remains understudied. We synthesize existing literature place findings context dynamics. assess ecological evolutionary consequences for following urbanization considering how is specific features environments. These include complexity habitats varying continuity; high disturbance intense management; proportion alien species combined biodiversity; behavioral adjustments different settings; rapid change due urbanization. conclude 1) disrupt processes; 2) successful can, turn, alleviate worsen challenges dynamics originating from increased are emerging useful models adaptability communities. Their study also shed light eco-evolutionary under anthropogenic selective pressures, interactions. Finally, critical functioning ecosystems such, constitute an important service management implications. propose directions further research into ensure maintenance continues.

Language: Английский

Citations

41
Are behaviour and stress‐related phenotypes in urban birds adaptive? DOI Creative Commons
Aude E. Caizergues, Arnaud Grégoire, Rémi Choquet

et al.

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 91(8), P. 1627 - 1641

Published: May 16, 2022

Urbanisation is a world-wide phenomenon converting natural habitats into new artificial ones. Environmental conditions associated with urbanisation represent great challenges for wildlife. Behaviour and stress tolerance are considered of major importance in the adaptation to novel urban numerous studies already reported behavioural response phenotypes urbanisation, often suggesting they represented adaptations, while rarely demonstrating it. The main goal this study was test adaptive nature shifts stress-related traits, by we mean phenotypic change favouring traits same direction as selection. Using 7 years monitoring forest tits, first tested differences exploratory behaviour, aggressiveness breath rate, between both habitats. Second, performed habitat-specific analyses selection on three former using (a) reproductive success (b) survival estimated via capture-mark-recapture models, fitness estimates, determine whether these were aligned patterns ongoing We found that birds displayed higher behaviour aggressiveness, compared birds. Selection overall revealed not could even be maladaptive. In particular, handling aggression rate lower fitness. Higher exploration scores correlated habitats, but only males. Overall, consistent divergence observed. Taken together, results highlight observed cities do necessarily result from pressures hypothesise divergences filtering individuals settling cities. thus encourage evolutionary scientists further explore potential measured replicating type multiple species, implementing focusing immigrant (c) measuring at life stages.

Language: Английский

Citations

22
Predation risk and decision-making of grey squirrels in urban and rural forested parks DOI

Mark Givelas,

Adam R. Martin, Rudy Boonstra

et al.

Urban Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(3)

Published: April 7, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Adjusting risk-taking to the annual cycle of long-distance migratory birds DOI Creative Commons
Peter Mikula, Mario Dı́az, Tomáš Albrecht

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Sept. 12, 2018

Abstract Life-history theory predicts that current behaviour affects future reproduction, implying animals should optimise their escape strategies to reflect fitness costs and benefits of premature escape. Both may change temporally with important consequences for the evolution strategies. Moreover, species differ according positions on slow–fast pace life gradients. We studied risk-taking in long-distance migratory animals, waders (Charadriiformes), during annual cycle, i.e., breeding Europe, stopover Middle East wintering tropical Africa. Phylogenetically informed comparative analyses revealed (measured as flight initiation distance, FID) changed significantly over year, being lowest peaking at sites. Similarly, relationships between life-history traits among stages cycle. While decreased increasing body mass breeding, risk-taking–body relationship became marginally significant winter disappeared migration. The positive trend along gradient measured adult survival was only found breeding. season-dependent history suggest migrating respond fluctuating environments by adopting behavioural plasticity.

Language: Английский

Citations

38