Self-fertilization, but not mating strategy, predicts the evolution of sex allocation plasticity in a hermaphroditic flatworm genus

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 14, 2020

Abstract Sex allocation (SA) theory in simultaneous hermaphrodites predicts that optimal SA is influenced by local sperm competition (LSC), which occurs when related compete to fertilize a given set of eggs. Different factors, including the mating strategy and ability self-fertilize, are predicted affect LSC hence SA. Moreover, since experienced an individual can vary temporally spatially, this favour evolution plasticity. Here, using seven species free-living flatworm genus Macrostomum , we document sizable interspecific variation SA, but neither their nor self-fertilize significantly among these species. Since also found considerable plasticity, further estimated standardized effect sizes for plasticity response i) presence partners (i.e. isolation vs. with partners) ii) strength small large groups). We self-fertilization respect partners, being lower self-fertilizing Finally, showed higher than intraspecific due Our study suggests both evolutionarily labile, predicting latter .

Language: Английский

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Large-scale phylogenomics of the genus Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes) reveals cryptic diversity and novel sexual traits

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 29, 2021

Abstract Free-living flatworms of the genus Macrostomum are small and transparent animals, representing attractive study organisms for a broad range topics in evolutionary, developmental, molecular biology. The includes model organism M. lignano which extensive resources available, recently there is growing interest extending work to additional species genus. These endeavours currently hindered because, even though >200 have been taxonomically described, phylogenetic information geographic sampling remain limited. We report on global campaign aimed at increasing taxon representation Specifically, we use transcriptome single-locus data generate phylogenomic hypotheses including 145 species. Across different methods alignments used, identify several consistent clades, while their exact grouping less clear, possibly due radiation early evolution. Moreover, uncover large undescribed diversity, with 94 studied likely being new science, multiple novel morphological traits. Furthermore, cryptic speciation challenging assemblage species, suggesting that markers prerequisite future work, describe distribution possible synapomorphies suggest taxonomic revisions based our finding. Our large-scale dataset now provides robust foundation comparative analyses morphological, behavioural evolution this

Language: Английский

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Generation of microdissected DNA probes from metaphase chromosomes when chromosome identification by routine staining is impossible

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 519 - 524

Published: May 20, 2020

Application of microdissected DNA libraries and probes in numerous various modern molecular cytogenetic studies showed them as an efficient reliable tool the analysis chromosome reorganization during karyotypic evolution diagnosis human pathology. An important advantage probe generation by metaphase microdissection followed sequence-independent polymerase chain reaction comparison with method using sorting is possibility preparation from chromosomes individual sample without cell line establishment for production a large number chromosomes. One main requirements successful application this technique identification interest its dissection collection material plates spread on coverslip. In present study, we developed applied case when appeared to be impossible. The was used two sets Whole Chromosome Paints (WCPs) all species free-living flatworms genus Macrostomum, M. mirumnovem cliftonensis. single-copy including separate one plate allowed us generate WCPs that painted specifically original Situ Suppression Hybridization (CISS-Hybridization). CISS-Hybridization identifying chromosome(s) generation. Pooled derived homologous increased intensity specificity painting provided CISS-Hybridization. result, obtained good enough our devoted Macrostomum rearrangements among worms laboratory cultures mirumnovem.

Language: Английский

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Three new species of Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes, Macrostomorpha) from China and Australia, with notes on taxonomy and phylogenetics

ZooKeys, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1099, P. 1 - 28

Published: May 3, 2022

In this paper, three species of the macrostomid free-living flatworm genus Macrostomum are described. Two species, Macrostomumlittorale Wang & Shi, sp. nov. and M.shekouense nov., were collected from coastal water at Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. One M.brandi was Perth, Western Australia Queenscliff, Victoria, Australia. Macrostomumlittoralesp. differs congeneric within in length stylet, diameter stylet opening, bend stylet. Macrostomumshekouensesp. M.brandisp. differ similar morphology, position female antrum developing eggs, or presence absence false seminal vesicle. Phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene shows that M.littoralesp. M.hystrix sister clades two well-separated branch, M.shekouensesp. branches. Accordingly, both morphological molecular evidence support as new species.

Language: Английский

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Evolution and co-evolution of the suck behaviour, a postcopulatory female resistance trait that manipulates received ejaculate

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 14, 2022

Abstract Sexual conflicts over the post-mating fate of received ejaculate can favour traits in one sex that are costly to other. Reciprocally mating hermaphrodites face unique challenges as they mate simultaneously both male and female role, potentially leading receipt unwanted ejaculate. Reciprocal then give rise postcopulatory resistance allow manipulation A putative example is suck behaviour, observed flatworm genus Macrostomum . It involves sperm recipient placing its pharynx own genital opening appearing suck, likely removing after mating. The also contains hypodermically-inseminating species presumably exhibit unilateral have not been suck. Here, we examine evolution behaviour , aiming document 64 species. First, provide videographic evidence indeed removed during a reciprocally species, hamatum Next, show evolutionary positive correlations between presence, duration frequency reciprocal providing clear co-evolves with behaviour. Finally, an association reproductive morphology, suggesting morphology be used for inferring behavioural strategy Together our study demonstrates sexual antagonistic coevolution trait functions counter-adaptation allowing individuals gain control hermaphroditic system.

Language: Английский

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