Warming during different life stages has distinct impacts on host resistance ecology and evolution DOI
Jingdi Li, Cameron A. B. Smith, Jinlin Chen

et al.

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 25, 2024

Global climate change is causing extreme heating events and intensifying infectious disease outbreaks. We tested whether warming (at various host life stages) could shape the ecological evolutionary trajectory of resistance, by competing nematode genotypes across 10 generations during infection a natural bacterial pathogen. found that persistent throughout development strongly favoured genetic-based resistance. Ambient temperatures or periodic within lifetime resulted in loss despite pathogen presence. Warming caused plastic temperature-mediated protection which weakened selection for more costly The findings an associated mechanistic model suggest dilution cells resistant hosts might help protect susceptible individuals when does not occur development. Host trajectories were likely driven combination fitness constraints on plasticity, condition-dependent virulence, effects.

Language: Английский

Microbiome function predicts amphibian chytridiomycosis disease dynamics DOI Creative Commons
Kieran A. Bates,

Ulf Sommer,

Kevin Hopkins

et al.

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 10, 2022

Abstract Background The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ) threatens amphibian biodiversity and ecosystem stability worldwide. Amphibian skin microbial community structure has been linked to the clinical outcome of infections, yet its overall functional importance is poorly understood. Methods Microbiome taxonomic profiles were assessed using high-throughput bacterial 16S rRNA ITS2 gene sequencing, shotgun metagenomics mucosal metabolomics. We sampled 56 wild midwife toads Alytes obstetricans from montane populations exhibiting epizootic or enzootic disease dynamics. In addition, assess whether disease-specific microbiome microbe-mediated protection -induced perturbation, we performed a laboratory challenge experiment whereby 40 young adult A. exposed control sham infection. measured temporal changes in as well -exposed animals at peak Results function differed based on infection history experimental versus Bd- animals. exposure resulted dynamic differences, with clearance all but one infected animal. Sphingobacterium , Stenotrophomonas an unclassified Commamonadaceae associated dynamics also had reduced abundance that cleared infection, indicating negative association resistance. This was further supported by microbe-metabolite integration which identified functionally relevant taxa driving outcome, most influential strong correlation between composition metabolome field inconsistent redundancy, differences taxonomy drive variation. Shotgun metagenomic analyses support these findings, similar disease-associated patterns beta diversity. Analysis differentially abundant genes pathways indicated environmental sensing resource competition are likely be important outcomes. Conclusions drives altered across environments. Our application multi-omics settings robustly predicts identifies novel candidate biomarkers

Language: Английский

Citations

31
Why do hosts malfunction without microbes? Missing benefits versus evolutionary addiction DOI Creative Commons
Tobin J. Hammer

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(2), P. 132 - 141

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Microbes are widely recognized to be vital host health. This new consensus rests, in part, on experiments showing how hosts malfunction when microbes removed. More and more microbial dependencies being discovered, even fundamental processes such as development, immunity, physiology, behavior. But why do they exist? The default explanation is that beneficial; lose microbes, also benefits. Here I call attention evolutionary addiction, whereby a trait evolves need for without having been improved by them. Evolutionary addiction should considered interpreting microbe-removal experiments, it distinct potentially common process. Further, may have unique implications the evolution stability of host–microbe interactions.

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Dual stressors of infection and warming can destabilize host microbiomes DOI Creative Commons
Jingdi Li, Yangyang Gao, Emily J. Stevens

et al.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1901)

Published: March 18, 2024

Climate change is causing extreme heating events and intensifying infectious disease outbreaks. Animals harbour microbial communities, which are vital for their survival fitness under stressful conditions. Understanding how microbiome structures in response to infection warming may be important forecasting host performance global change. Here, we evaluated alterations the microbiomes of several wild

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Warming During Different Life Stages has Distinct Impacts on Host Resistance Ecology and Evolution DOI Creative Commons
Jingdi Li, Cameron A. Smith, Jinlin Chen

et al.

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Climate change is increasing extreme heating events and the potential for disease outbreaks. Whether hosts can adapt to infection with rising temperatures important forecasting species persistence. We tested whether warming—at different host life stages—affects ecological evolutionary dynamics of resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans infected by a wild bacterial pathogen. competed resistant susceptible genotypes across 10 passages tracked spread population. Infection prolonged warming strongly selected genotype. Warming during development induced plastic defences against infection, reducing selective pressure costly genetic‐based resistance. Resistance was lost under ambient periodic warming. Selection likely weakened at dilution effect, whereby genotype reduced pathogen transmission. Evolutionary depend on balance among virulence, costs resistance, effect temperature stress.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Dissecting transmission to understand parasite evolution DOI Creative Commons
Luís M. Silva, Kayla C. King, Jacob C. Koella

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. e1012964 - e1012964

Published: March 25, 2025

Parasite transmission is a complex, multi-stage process that significantly impacts host–parasite dynamics. Transmission plays key role in epidemiology and virulence evolution, where it expected to trade off with virulence. However, the extent which classical models on virulence–transmission relationships apply real world unclear. This insight piece proposes novel framework breaks into three distinct stages: within-host infectiousness, an intermediate between-host stage (biotic or abiotic), new host infection. Each influenced by intrinsic extrinsic factors parasite, together will determine its success. Analyzing stages separately how they affect each other might enhance our understanding of host-, parasite- environmental-driven shape parasite evolution inform us about effectors act when designing disease control strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Rapid evolution of a novel protective symbiont into keystone taxon in Caenorhabditis elegans microbiota DOI Creative Commons

Alejandra Wu‐Chuang,

Kieran A. Bates, Dasiel Obregón

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 18, 2022

Abstract Protective microbes have a major role in shaping host–pathogen interactions, but their relative importance the structure of host microbiota remains unclear. Here, we used network approach to characterize impact novel, experimentally evolved ‘protective microbial symbiont’ ( Enterococcus faecalis ) on and predicted function natural model organism Caenorhabditis elegans . We analysis identify keystone taxa describe hierarchical placement protective non-protective symbionts microbiota. found that early colonization with produce statistically significant changes community. Notably, only E. became taxon nematode Non-protective lineages same bacterial species remained comparatively unimportant Prediction functional profiles communities using PICRUSt2 showed presence highly decreased abundance ergothioneine (EGT) biosynthesis pathway involved synthesis antioxidant molecule EGT, potential public good. These data show addition direct antagonism virulent pathogens, are linked modified community possible reductions goods, potentially driving defense. suggest this response could suppress infection via wholesale further benefit host. findings extend concept beyond bodyguards ecosystem engineers.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Source and variation of the amazing live Sea-Monkey microbiome DOI Creative Commons
Corey C. Holt, Javier del Campo, Patrick J. Keeling

et al.

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. e0308763 - e0308763

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

An embryonic diapause in unfavourable conditions has allowed brine shrimp to thrive hypersaline environments and, unexpectedly, mail-order sachets and small, novelty tanks. Marketed as Sea-Monkeys®, each kit involves a 3-step process generate adult Artemia within matter of weeks. Whether these kits also allow for the maintenance host-associated microbiome is unclear. Therefore, comparing five replicate tanks under same culture conditions, we sequenced 16S ribosomal small subunit (SSU) gene analyse bacterial community compositions adults, their surrounding tank water, feed. Adult Sea-Monkeys® harboured that was clearly distinguishable from water food. Furthermore, individual had notable effect on fine-scale variation. Several Sea-Monkey variants appeared absent environmental samples included genera ( Leucobacter Microbacterium ) known confer desiccation resistance other hosts. Although taxonomy unclear, phylogenetic inference cytochrome c oxidase I (COXI) host animal suggests belong franciscana ‘superspecies’. Overall, appear be convenient scalable mesocosm study host-microbiome interactions could serve useful tool future invertebrate research, outreach, education.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Dissecting transmission to understand parasite evolution DOI Creative Commons
Luís M. Silva, Kayla C. King, Jacob C. Koella

et al.

Published: April 26, 2024

The prevailing theory of the evolution virulence assumes that maximizes its transmission and relies on a trade-off between parasite's rate. While this simple idea finds some empirical support, it is often criticized, in part because ambiguity about transmission, key measure pathogen fitness. In theoretical studies, has been increasingly approximated by parasite load. Transmission, however, complex parameter results from distinct steps within among hosts, with potential correlations trade-offs each steps. We propose decomposing explicitly into these would enable more precise predictions deeper understanding dynamics evolution.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Leucobacter DOI
Kieran A. Bates, Kayla C. King

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 29(11), P. 1046 - 1047

Published: July 22, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Microbes are potential key players in the evolution of life histories and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans DOI Creative Commons
Josiane Santos, Margarida Matos, Thomas Flatt

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Microbes can have profound effects on host fitness and health the appearance of late-onset diseases. Host-microbe interactions thus represent a major environmental context for healthy aging might also mediate trade-offs between life-history traits in evolution senescence. Here, we used nematode

Language: Английский

Citations

3