Selection-driven trait loss in independently evolved cavefish populations

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 3, 2023

Abstract Laboratory studies have demonstrated that a single phenotype can be produced by many different genotypes; however, in natural systems, it is frequently found phenotypic convergence due to parallel genetic changes. This suggests substantial role for constraint and determinism evolution indicates certain mutations are more likely contribute evolution. Here we use whole genome resequencing the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus , investigate how selection has shaped repeated of both trait loss enhancement across independent cavefish lineages. We show on standing variation de novo substantially adaptation. Our findings provide empirical support hypothesis genes with larger mutational targets substrate indicate features cave environment may impact rate at which occur.

Language: Английский

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Rapid adaptation in a fast‐changing world: Emerging insights from insect genomics

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(4), P. 943 - 954

Published: Nov. 5, 2022

Many researchers have questioned the ability of biota to adapt rapid anthropogenic environmental shifts. Here, we synthesize emerging genomic evidence for insect evolution in response human pressure. These new data reveal diverse mechanisms (single locus, polygenic, structural shifts; introgression) underpinning adaptive responses a variety selective pressures. While effects some impacts (e.g. pollution; pesticides) been previously documented, here highlight startling evolutionary additional processes such as deforestation. recent findings indicate that assemblages can indeed respond dynamically major challenges. Our synthesis also emphasizes critical roles architecture, standing variation and gene flow maintaining future potential. Broadly, it is clear approaches are essential predicting, monitoring responding ongoing biodiversity shifts fast-changing world.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling stress resilience: Insights from adaptations to extreme environments by Astyanax mexicanus cavefish

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 342(3), P. 178 - 188

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Abstract Extreme environmental conditions have profound impacts on shaping the evolutionary trajectory of organisms. Exposure to these elicits stress responses, that can trigger phenotypic changes in novel directions. The Mexican Tetra, Astyanax mexicanus , is an excellent model for understanding mechanisms response extreme or new environments. This fish species consists two morphs; classical surface‐dwelling and blind cave‐dwellers inhabit dark biodiversity‐reduced ecosystems. In this review, we explore specific stressors present cave environments examine diverse adaptive strategies employed by populations not only survive but thrive as successful colonizers. By analyzing responses A. gain valuable insights into genetic, physiological, behavioral adaptations enable organisms flourish under challenging conditions.

Language: Английский

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The genetic architecture of repeated local adaptation to climate in distantly related plants

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(10), P. 1933 - 1947

Published: Aug. 26, 2024

Closely related species often use the same genes to adapt similar environments. However, we know little about why such possess increased adaptive potential and whether this is conserved across deeper evolutionary lineages. Adaptation climate presents a natural laboratory test these ideas, as even distantly must contend with stresses. Here, re-analyse genomic data from thousands of individuals 25 plant diverged lodgepole pine Arabidopsis (~300 Myr). We for genetic repeatability based on within-species associations between allele frequencies in variation 21 variables. Our results demonstrate significant statistical evidence deep time that not expected under randomness, identifying suite 108 gene families (orthogroups) functions repeatedly drive local adaptation climate. This set includes many orthogroups well-known abiotic stress response. Using co-expression networks quantify pleiotropy, find stronger exhibit greater network centrality broader expression tissues (higher pleiotropy), contrary 'cost complexity' theory. These may be important helping wild crop cope future change, representing candidates study.

Language: Английский

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Divergence time shapes gene reuse during repeated adaptation

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(4), P. 396 - 407

Published: Dec. 27, 2023

When diverse lineages repeatedly adapt to similar environmental challenges, the extent which same genes are involved (gene reuse) varies across systems. We propose that divergence time among is a key factor driving this variability: as diverge, of gene reuse should decrease due reductions in allele sharing, functional differentiation genes, and restructuring genome architecture. Indeed, we show many genomic studies repeated adaptation find more recently diverged exhibit higher during adaptation, but relationship becomes less clear at older scales. Thus, future research explore factors shaping their interplay broad scales for deeper understanding evolutionary repeatability.

Language: Английский

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Comparative phylogeography in the genomic age: Opportunities and challenges

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49(12), P. 2130 - 2144

Published: Oct. 5, 2022

Abstract Aim We consider the opportunities and challenges comparative phylogeography (CP) faces in genomic age to determine: (1) how we can maximise potential of big CP analyses advance biogeographic macroevolutionary theory; (2) what can, will struggle, achieve using approaches this era genomics. Location World‐wide. Taxon All. Methods review literature discuss future ‐ particularly examining insights enabled by genomics that may not be possible for single species and/or few molecular markers. focus on geography species' natural histories interact yield congruent incongruent patterns neutral adaptive processes context both historical recent rapid evolution. also data are being stored, accessed, shared. Results With widespread availability data, shift from a single‐ multi‐locus perspective is resulting detailed inferences an improved statistical rigour phylogeography. However, time effort required collecting co‐distributed accruing species‐specific ecological knowledge continue limiting factors. Bioinformatic skills user‐friendly analytical tools, alongside computational infrastructure limiting. Main conclusions Over last ~35 years, there has been much progress understanding intraspecific genetic variation geographically distributed. The next major steps incorporate evolutionary community perspectives account responses among across temporal scales, including those related anthropogenic change. full only realised if employ robust study designs within sound framework. advocate phylogeographers adopt such consistent enhance comparisons present‐day findings.

Language: Английский

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Whole-genome sequencing distinguishes the two most common giant kelp ecomorphs

Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 77(6), P. 1354 - 1369

Published: March 17, 2023

Abstract Giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, exists as distinct morphological variants—or “ecomorphs”—in different populations, yet the mechanism for this variation is uncertain, and environmental drivers either adaptive or plastic phenotypes have not been identified. The ecomorphs “pyrifera” M. “integrifolia” are distributed throughout temperate waters of North South America with almost no geographic overlap exhibit an incongruous, non-mirrored, distribution across equator. This study evaluates degree genetic divergence between 18 populations in Chile California using whole-genome sequencing single-nucleotide polymorphism markers. Our results based on a principal component analysis, admixture clustering by similarity, phylogenetic inference demonstrate that genetically distinguishable. Analyses reveal separation Northern Southern Hemispheres morphs within hemispheres, suggesting convergent morphology arose separately each hemisphere. first to use understand giant kelp ecomorphs, identifying 83 potential genes under selection providing novel insights about evolution were evident previous techniques. Future studies needed uncover forces driving local adaptation presumed these morphs.

Language: Английский

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On the genetic architecture of rapidly adapting and convergent life history traits in guppies

Heredity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 128(4), P. 250 - 260

Published: March 8, 2022

Abstract The genetic basis of traits shapes and constrains how adaptation proceeds in nature; rapid can proceed using stores polygenic standing variation or hard selective sweeps, increasing polygenicity fuels redundancy, reducing gene re-use (genetic convergence). Guppy life history evolve rapidly convergently among natural high- low-predation environments northern Trinidad. This system has been studied extensively at the phenotypic level, but little is known about underlying architecture. Here, we use four independent F2 QTL crosses to examine seven (five female, two male) guppy phenotypes discuss these architectures may facilitate constrain convergence. We RAD-sequencing data (16,539 SNPs) from 370 male 267 female individuals. perform linkage mapping, estimates genome-wide per-chromosome heritability (multi-locus associations), mapping (single-locus associations). Our results are consistent with many loci small-effect for age size maturity interbrood period. Male trait associations clustered on specific chromosomes, period exhibits a weak signal suggesting potentially highly component. Offspring weight also associated single significant each. These suggest rapid, repeatable evolution guppies be facilitated by architectures, subsequent redundancy limit across populations, agreement an absence strong signatures convergence recent analyses wild guppies.

Language: Английский

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Quantitative trait loci concentrate in specific regions of the Mexican cavefish genome and reveal key candidate genes for cave-associated evolution

Journal of Heredity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 30, 2024

Abstract A major goal of modern biology is connecting phenotype with its underlying genetic basis. The Mexican cavefish (Astyanax mexicanus), a characin fish species comprised surface ecotype and cave-derived ecotype, well suited as model to study the mechanisms adaptation extreme environments. Here, we map 206 previously published quantitative trait loci (QTL) for traits in A. mexicanus newest version genome assembly, AstMex3. These analyses revealed that QTL clusters more than expected by chance, this clustering not explained distribution genes genome. To investigate whether certain characteristics facilitate phenotypic evolution, tested genomic associated increased opportunities mutation, such highly mutagenic CpG sites, are reliable predictors sites evolution but did find any significant trends. Finally, combined collected expression selection data identify 36 candidate may underlie repeated cave phenotypes, including rgrb, which predicted be involved phototransduction. We found gene has disrupted exons all non-hybrid populations intact reading frames fish. Overall, our results suggest specific regions play roles driving environment demonstrate how compiled dataset can understanding basis cavefish.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary endocrinology and the problem of Darwin's tangled bank

Hormones and Behavior, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 105246 - 105246

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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