Understanding natural selection and similarity: Convergent, parallel and repeated evolution

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(20), P. 5451 - 5462

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

Parallel and convergent evolution offer some of the most compelling evidence for significance natural selection in evolution, as emergence similar adaptive solutions is unlikely to occur by random chance alone. However, these terms are often employed inconsistently, leading misinterpretation confusion, recently proposed definitions have unintentionally diminished emphasis on solutions. Here, I examine various conceptual frameworks related parallel propose a consolidated framework that enhances our comprehension evolutionary patterns. The primary aim this harmonize concepts together with idea similarity. Both involve result environmental challenges. distinction lies ancestral phenotypes. takes place when phenotypes (before selection) lineages similar. Convergent happens distinct selection). Because an ancestral-based will inevitably lead cases where uncertainty may arise, includes general term, repeated which can be used term applying genotypes well responses pressures. Based argument genetic similarity frequently arise without selection, posits sequences not great interest unless linked actions or origins (mutation, standing variation, gene flow) locations sequences.Os casos de evolução paralela e convergente apresentam-se como provas convincentes da relevância selecção no processo evolutivo, já que é improvável soluções adaptativas semelhantes evoluam apenas por acaso. No entanto, estes dois termos são utilizados frequentemente forma inconsistente definições recentemente propostas diminuíram involuntariamente ênfase na semelhantes. Nesta contribuição, examino os quadros conceptuais relacionadas com proponho um quadro consolidado aumenta compreensão destes padrões evolutivos. O objectivo desta contribuição harmonizar conceitos juntamente similaridade. Ambos implicam resultado pressões evolutivas. A distinção reside nos fenótipos ancestrais: ocorre quando ancestrais (antes selecção) das linhagens eram acontece tinham distintos selecção). Dado uma baseada ancestralidade caracteres levará, inevitavelmente, em incerteza pode surgir, sugiro inclusão termo geral: repetida, ser aplicado à genótipos semelhantes, assim respostas ambientais. Com base argumentação similaridade genética surgir sem selecção, eu postulo similitude sequências genéticas não grande interesse, menos esteja relacionada às ações ou origens (mutação, variação existente, fluxo génico) localizações semelhantes.La evolución y ofrecen algunas las pruebas más contundentes la importancia selección en evolución, ya es improbable emergencia soluciones similares se produzca únicamente casualidad. Sin embargo, estos términos emplean menudo inconsistente, lo lugar interpretaciones erróneas confusión. Además, definiciones recientemente propuestas han restado importancia, involuntariamente, similares. En este artículo, diversos marcos conceptuales con convergente, propongo un marco mejora nuestra comprensión patrones El objetivo principal armonizar los conceptos similitud. implican presiones La distinción radica fenotipos ancestrales: ocurre cuando ancestrales selección) linajes eran produce lijanes tenían selección). una basada ancestralidad conducirá inevitablemente puede incertidumbre distinción, el incluye término general: utilizarse laxo aplicable genotipos similares, así respuestas ambientales. Basándose argumento similitud frecuentemente sin selección, postula secuencias gran interés esté vinculada acciones o orígenes (mutación, variación flujo genético) ubicaciones

Language: Английский

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Divergence time shapes gene reuse during repeated adaptation

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(4), P. 396 - 407

Published: Dec. 27, 2023

When diverse lineages repeatedly adapt to similar environmental challenges, the extent which same genes are involved (gene reuse) varies across systems. We propose that divergence time among is a key factor driving this variability: as diverge, of gene reuse should decrease due reductions in allele sharing, functional differentiation genes, and restructuring genome architecture. Indeed, we show many genomic studies repeated adaptation find more recently diverged exhibit higher during adaptation, but relationship becomes less clear at older scales. Thus, future research explore factors shaping their interplay broad scales for deeper understanding evolutionary repeatability.

Language: Английский

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Genetic assimilation of ancestral plasticity during parallel adaptation to zinc contamination in Silene uniflora

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 414 - 423

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

Abstract Phenotypic plasticity in ancestral populations is hypothesized to facilitate adaptation, but evidence piecemeal and often contradictory. Further, whether increases the probability of parallel adaptive changes has not been explored. The most general finding that responses a new environment are reversed following adaptation (known as reversion). We investigated contribution evolution gene expression two independently evolved lineages zinc-tolerant Silene uniflora . found pattern reversion driven by absence widespread stress response zinc-adapted plants compared with zinc-sensitive plants. show moves closer optimum value influences among genes likely be involved chance recruited repeatedly during adaptation. However, despite convergence levels between adapted lineages, does influence how similar values become. Surprisingly, we also observed fitness becomes genetically determined fixed, is, assimilated. These results emphasize important role

Language: Английский

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Novel Tri-Segmented Rhabdoviruses: A Data Mining Expedition Unveils the Cryptic Diversity of Cytorhabdoviruses

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(12), P. 2402 - 2402

Published: Dec. 10, 2023

Cytorhabdoviruses (genus Cytorhabdovirus, family Rhabdoviridae) are plant-infecting viruses with enveloped, bacilliform virions. Established members of the genus Cytorhabdovirus have unsegmented single-stranded negative-sense RNA genomes (ca. 10–16 kb) which encode four to ten proteins. Here, by exploring large publicly available metatranscriptomics datasets, we report identification and genomic characterization 93 novel genetic evolutionary cues cytorhabdoviruses. Strikingly, five unprecedented tri-segmented were also identified. This finding represents first in Rhabdoviridae, they should be classified a within this for suggest name “Trirhavirus”. Interestingly, nucleocapsid polymerase only typical rhabdoviral proteins encoded those viruses, whereas three them, protein similar emaravirus (family Fimoviridae) silencing suppressor was found, while other predicted had no matches any sequence databases. Genetic distance insights that all these may represent species. Phylogenetic analyses, both previously plant rhabdoviruses, provide compelling support division into distinct genera. proposed reclassification not enhances our understanding dynamics group rhabdoviruses but illuminates remarkable diversity encompass. study significant expansion genomics cytorhabdoviruses will enable future research on peculiarity shows plasticity rhabdovirus genome organization discovery unique trajectory.

Language: Английский

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Repeated colonisation of alpine habitats by Arabidopsis arenosa involved parallel adjustments of leaf cuticle traits

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 17, 2025

Summary Cuticle function can be pivotal to plant success in different environments. Yet, the occurrence of intraspecific adjustments cuticle traits resulting from acclimation or adaptation habitats remains poorly understood. Here, we used genetically well‐characterised populations Arabidopsis arenosa investigate whether were adjusted as part parallel evolution a foothill an alpine ecotype. Six and six populations, representing at least three independent evolutionary origins ecotype, reciprocal transplantation experiments, eco‐physiological, biochemical structural levels. The genetic basis behind these was assessed by combining selection scans differential gene expression analysis. Overall, showed reduced cuticular transpiration conjunction with consistently altered wax composition, higher accumulation two fatty alcohols iso‐alkanes. Genomic analysis unravelled nine genes associated metabolism showing allelic differentiation compared lowland populations. In silico revealed differences between ecotypes for several related metabolism. Repeated ecotypic together architecture ecotype points adaptive value colonisation habitats.

Language: Английский

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Polygenic routes lead to parallel altitudinal adaptation in Heliosperma pusillum (Caryophyllaceae)

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(8), P. 1832 - 1847

Published: Feb. 13, 2022

Abstract Understanding how organisms adapt to the environment is a major goal of modern biology. Parallel evolution—the independent evolution similar phenotypes in different populations—provides powerful framework investigate evolutionary potential populations, constraints evolution, its repeatability and therefore predictability. Here, we quantified degree gene expression functional parallelism across replicated ecotype formation Heliosperma pusillum (Caryophyllaceae), gained insights into architecture adaptive traits. Population structure analyses demographic modelling support previously formulated hypothesis parallel polytopic divergence montane alpine ecotypes. We detect large proportion differentially expressed genes (DEGs) underlying within each replicate pair, with strikingly low number shared DEGs pairs. Functional enrichment reveals that traits affected by significant are largely consistent pairs, strong contrast nonshared genetic basis. The remarkable redundancy differential indicates polygenic for diverged conclude appear key opening multiple routes adaptation, widening organisms.

Language: Английский

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Detecting parallel polygenic adaptation to novel evolutionary pressure in wild populations: a case study in Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua )

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1881)

Published: May 29, 2023

Populations can adapt to novel selection pressures through dramatic frequency changes in a few genes of large effect or subtle shifts many small effect. The latter (polygenic adaptation) is expected be the primary mode evolution for life-history traits but tends more difficult detect than Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) were subjected intense fishing pressure over twentieth century, leading abundance crashes and phenotypic shift toward earlier maturation across populations. Here, we use spatially replicated temporal genomic data test shared polygenic adaptive response using methods previously applied evolve-and-resequence experiments. Cod populations on either side show covariance allele change genome that are characteristic recent adaptation. Using simulations, demonstrate degree observed unlikely explained by neutral processes background selection. As human wild continue increase, understanding attributing modes adaptation similar those demonstrated here will important identifying capacity responses evolutionary rescue. This article part theme issue ‘Detecting causes biodiversity change: needs, gaps solutions’.

Language: Английский

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Homoplastic versus xenoplastic evolution: exploring the emergence of key intrinsic and extrinsic traits in the montane genus Soldanella (Primulaceae)

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 118(3), P. 753 - 765

Published: Jan. 13, 2024

SUMMARY Specific ecological conditions in the high mountain environment exert a selective pressure that often leads to convergent trait evolution. Reticulations induced by incomplete lineage sorting and introgression can lead discordant patterns among gene species trees (hemiplasy/xenoplasy), providing false illusion traits under study are homoplastic. Using phylogenetic networks, we explored effect of exchange on evolution Soldanella , genus profoundly influenced historical introgression. At least three features evolved independently multiple times: single‐flowered dwarf phenotype, dysploid cytotype, generalism. The present analyses also indicated recurring occurrence stoloniferous growth might have been prompted an event between ancestral still extant species, although its emergence via cannot be completely ruled out. Phylogenetic regression suggested independent larger genomes snowbells is most likely result interplay hybridization events euploid taxa hostile environments at range margins genus. key intrinsic extrinsic has significantly impacted not only but recent events.

Language: Английский

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Novel tri-segmented rhabdoviruses: A data mining expedition unveils the cryptic diversity of cytorhabdoviruses

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 6, 2023

Abstract Cytorhabdoviruses (genus Cytorhabdovirus , family Rhabdoviridae ) are plant-infecting viruses with enveloped, bacilliform virions. Established members of the genus have unsegmented single-stranded negative-sense RNA genomes (ca. 10-16 kb) which encode four to ten proteins. Here, by exploring large publicly available metatranscriptomics datasets, we report identification and genomic characterization 93 novel genetic evolutionary cues cytorhabdoviruses. Strikingly, five unprecedented cytorhabdoviruses tri-segmented were also identified. This finding represents first in . Interestingly, nucleocapsid polymerase only typical rhabdoviral proteins encoded those viruses, whereas three them, a protein similar emaravirus (family Fimoviridae silencing suppressor was found, while other predicted had no matches any sequence databases. Genetic distance insights suggest that all these may represent species. Phylogenetic analyses, both previously classified plant rhabdoviruses, provide compelling support for division into distinct genera. proposed reclassification not enhances our understanding dynamics within this group rhabdoviruses but illuminates remarkable diversity they encompass. study significant expansion genomics will enable future research on peculiarity genus, shows plasticity rhabdovirus genome organization discovery unique trajectory.

Language: Английский

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Parallel adaptation to lower altitudes is associated with enhanced plasticity in Heliosperma pusillum (Caryophyllaceae)

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 115(6), P. 1619 - 1632

Published: June 7, 2023

High levels of phenotypic plasticity are thought to be inherently costly in stable or extreme environments, but enhanced may evolve as a response new environments and foster novel phenotypes. Heliosperma pusillum forms glabrous alpine pubescent montane ecotypes that diverged recurrently polytopically (parallel evolution) can serve evolutionary replicates. The specific localities characterized by distinct temperature conditions, available moisture, light. Noteworthy, the show home-site fitness advantage reciprocal transplantations. To disentangle relative contribution constitutive versus plastic gene expression altitudinal divergence, we analyze transcriptomic profiles two parallely evolved ecotype pairs, grown transplantations at native sites. In this incipient stage only minor proportion genes appear constitutively differentially expressed between both regardless growing environment. Both derived, populations bear comparatively higher than populations. Genes change plastically underlie similar ecologically relevant pathways, related drought trichome formation. Other processes, such photosynthesis, rely mainly on changes. consistently observed likely newly colonized, drier, warmer niche. We report striking parallelism directional changes plasticity. Thus, appears key mechanism shaping initial stages evolution, fostering adaptation environments.

Language: Английский

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