The role of rivers in the origin and future of Amazonian biodiversity

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

The rich biodiversity of Amazonia is shaped geographically and ecologically by its rivers their cycles seasonal flooding. Anthropogenic effects, such as deforestation, infrastructure development extreme climatic events, threaten the ecological processes sustaining Amazonian ecosystems. In this Review, we explore coupled evolution associated with terrestrial seasonally flooded environments, integrating geological, climatic, genetic evidence. fluvial environments are highly heterogeneous, drainage system historically dynamic continually evolving; a result, discharge, sediment load strength barriers to biotic dispersal has changed through time. Ecological affinities taxa, rearrangements variations in riverine landscape caused past climate changes have mediated high diversity found modern-day Amazonia. connected history region's provides fundamental information for mitigating current future impacts. However, incomplete knowledge about species taxonomy, distributions, habitat use, interactions occurrence patterns limits our understanding. Partnerships Indigenous peoples local communities, who close ties land natural resources, key improving generation dissemination, enabling better impact assessments, monitoring management systems at risk from evolving pressures. features biodiverse range organisms habitats. This Review explores geological characteristics role shaping region.

Language: Английский

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Amazonian birds in more dynamic habitats have less population genetic structure and higher gene flow

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(9), P. 2186 - 2205

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Understanding the factors that govern variation in genetic structure across species is key to study of speciation and population genetics. Genetic has been linked several aspects life history, such as foraging strategy, habitat association, migration distance, dispersal ability, all which might influence gene flow. Comparative studies data from with differing histories provide opportunities tease apart role shaping flow structure. Here, we examine sets bird specialized on a series Amazonian types hypothesized filter for dramatically different abilities: stable upland forest, dynamic floodplain highly riverine islands. Using genome-wide markers, show type significant effect structure, islands exhibiting progressively lower levels Although morphological traits used proxies individual-level ability did not explain this pattern, measures are elevated more habitats. Our results suggest occurs drives degree structuring via its impact long-term fluctuations flow, habitats having particularly These differences taxa distinct may lead disparate responses environmental change or habitat-specific diversification dynamics over evolutionary time scales.A compreensão dos fatores que governam variação da estrutura genética entre espécies é fundamental para o estudo especiação e das populações. A tem sido ligada vários aspectos história vida, tais como estratégia de forrageio, associação ao habitat, distância migração capacidade dispersão, os quais poderiam influenciar dispersão fluxo gênico. Estudos comparativos usando diferem nas suas histórias vida oferecem uma oportunidade desvendar papel no estabelecimento do gênico população. Aqui examinamos dados genéticos populacionais diversas aves com diferentes capacidades especializadas em três amazônicos, incluindo florestas terra-firme, várzea ilhas fluviais, cujos ambientes ripários são altamente dinâmicos. Utilizando genômicos incluem milhares loci, mostramos tipo um efeito significativo na estruturação populações; fluviais exibem níveis progressivamente menores. Embora traços morfológicos frequentemente usados indicadores nível individual não expliquem este padrão, medidas genéticas altas associadas ribeirinhos mais Nossos resultados sugerem qual espécie encontrada determina grau população através seu impacto flutuações longo prazo gênico, dinâmicos tendo particularmente alto. As diferenças táxons especializados podem resultar respostas díspares às mesmas mudanças ambientais, ou dinâmicas diversificação específicas determinado escalas tempo evolutivas.Comprender los factores rigen la variación estructura especies es clave el estudio especiación y poblaciones. La se ha relacionado con varios historia vital, estrategia búsqueda alimento, asociación hábitats, distancia migración capacidad dispersión, todos ellos podrían influir en dispersión flujo genético. Los estudios datos poblacionales historias vitales ofrecen oportunidad desentrañar conformación del genético poblacional. En trabajo poblaciones una serie hábitats amazónicos que, según hipótesis, filtran radicalmente diferentes: bosques estables tierras altas, dinámicos llanuras aluviales islas fluviales dinámicas. marcadores genómicos, demostramos hábitat tiene un efecto población, las inundables presentan niveles progresivamente más bajos. Aunque rasgos utilizados explican patrón, son elevadas dinámicos. Nuestros sugieren encuentra especie grado estructuración población través su fluctuaciones largo plazo genético, siendo muy elevado. Estas diferencias taxones distintos pueden dar lugar respuestas dispares al cambio ambiental dinámicas diversificación hbitat lo temporales evolutivas.

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Amazonian rivers are leaky barriers to gene flow in forest understory birds

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2030)

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Ever since Alfred Russel Wallace's nineteenth-century observation that related terrestrial species are often separated on opposing riverbanks, major Amazonian rivers have been recognized as key drivers of speciation. However, dynamic entities whose widths and courses may vary through time. It thus remains unknown how effective at reducing gene flow promoting speciation over long timescales. We fit demographic models to genomic sequences reconstruct the history in three pairs avian taxa fully by different rivers, geographic ranges do not make contact headwater regions where cease be barriers. Models with were best but still supported an initial period without any flow, which ranged from 187 000 959 years, suggesting capable initiating stretches allopatric divergence. Allopatry was followed either bursts or prolonged episodes retarded differentiation did homogenize populations. Our results support barriers promoted build-up richness, they also suggest river leaky, divergence accumulating slowly owing substantial flow.

Language: Английский

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Population Dynamics and Evolutionary History of the Genus Sakesphorus (Aves:Thamnophillidae) in the Amazonian Floodplains

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Impact of Quaternary Amazonian river dynamics on the diversification of uakari monkeys (genus Cacajao)

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(8), P. 1505 - 1517

Published: April 8, 2024

Abstract Aim The central and western Amazonia underwent several landscape changes during the Quaternary. Whereas Riverine Barrier Hypothesis is traditionally used to explain influence of rivers on speciation, processes such as river rearrangements have been overlooked geographic distribution evolutionary history biota. Here, we tested how influenced uakari monkeys, genus Cacajao , a primate primarily associated with seasonally flooded forests in Amazonia. Location Central Western Taxon including black uakaris ( C. melanocephalus ayresi hosomi ); bald‐headed calvus amuna rubicundus ucayalii novaesi ). Methods We performed continuous phylogeographic analysis using 77 cytochrome b sequences identify origin dispersal lineages. genome‐wide SNP variation (ddRADseq) investigate population structure, gene flow demographic populations digital elevation models riverscape characteristics that may . Results Our reconstruction pointed out ancestral lineage occupied Solimões River, Amazonia, at ~1.7 Mya descendant lineages dispersed throughout more recently. identified both populations, even across considered barriers (e.g. Negro River). Landscape showed structure Historical analyses suggest varied scenarios size among monkeys consistent periods intense dynamism habitats formation non‐flooded upland forests. Main Conclusion results support shaped divergence recently diverged changes, along retractions forests, isolated some floodplain areas. study also suggests these events led recent histories species restricted distribution.

Language: Английский

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Geogenomic Predictors of Genetree Heterogeneity Explain Phylogeographic and Introgression History: A Case Study in an Amazonian Bird (Thamnophilus aethiops)

Systematic Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 73(1), P. 36 - 52

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

Abstract Can knowledge about genome architecture inform biogeographic and phylogenetic inference? Selection, drift, recombination, gene flow interact to produce a genomic landscape of divergence wherein patterns differentiation genealogy vary nonrandomly across the genomes diverging populations. For instance, genealogical that arise due should be more likely occur on smaller chromosomes, which experience high whereas those tracking histories geographic isolation (reduced caused by barrier) larger sex chromosomes. In Amazonia, populations many bird species diverge introgress rivers, resulting in reticulated signals. Herein, we used reduced representation data disentangle evolutionary history 4 an Amazonian antbird, Thamnophilus aethiops, whose was associated with dynamic evolution Madeira River Basin. Specifically, evaluate whether large river capture event ca. 200 Ka, gave rise genealogies making spatially explicit predictions based processes. We first estimated chromosome-level phylogenies recovered 2 primary topologies genome. The topology (T1) most consistent population for Z-chromosome. second (T2), upon secondary contact. To support these topologies, trained convolutional neural network classify our into alternative diversification models estimate demographic parameters. best-fit model concordant T1 included between non-sister taxa. Finally, modeled levels introgression as functions chromosome length found chromosomes experienced higher flow. Given (1) genetrees supporting T2 were (2) lower (and especially Z-chromosome), argue represents rivers contact barrier loss. Our results suggest significant portion heterogeneity arises extrinsic processes such interacting intrinsic architecture. Future phylogeographic studies would benefit from accounting processes, different parts reveal contrasting, albeit complementary histories, all are relevant disentangling intricate geogenomic mechanisms biotic diversification. [Amazonia; biogeography; modeling; flow; tree; architecture; geogenomics; introgression; linked selection; network; phylogenomic; phylogeography; reproductive isolation; speciation; tree.]

Language: Английский

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Whole genomes of Amazonian uakari monkeys reveal complex connectivity and fast differentiation driven by high environmental dynamism

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Oct. 8, 2024

Despite showing the greatest primate diversity on planet, genomic studies Amazonian primates show very little representation in literature. With 48 geolocalized high coverage whole genomes from wild uakari monkeys, we present first population-level study platyrrhines using genome data. In a restricted range of Amazon rainforest, eight species (Cacajao genus) have been described and categorized into bald black groups, based phenotypic ecological differences. slight habitat overlap, that posterior to their split 0.92 Mya, uakaris remained independent, without gene flow. Nowadays, these two groups distinct genetic group-specific variation linked pathogens. We propose differing hydrology patterns effectiveness geographic barriers modulated intra-group connectivity structure populations. this work explored effects rainforest's dynamism primates' genetics increased platyrrhine genomes, thus opening door future research complexity genomics.

Language: Английский

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Habitat specialization predicts demographic response and vulnerability of floodplain birds in Amazonia

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(3)

Published: Nov. 28, 2023

Abstract The annual flooding cycle of Amazonian rivers sustains the largest floodplains on Earth, which harbour a unique bird community. Recent studies suggest that habitat specialization drove different patterns population structure and gene flow in floodplain birds. However, lack direct estimate affinity prevents proper test its effects histories. In this work, we used occurrence data, satellite images genomic data (ultra‐conserved elements) from 24 species specialized variety seasonally flooded environments to classify affinities influence evolutionary histories We demonstrate birds with higher river islands dynamic have gone through more recent demographic expansion currently less genetic diversity than generalist Our results indicate there is an intrinsic relationship between environmental dynamics, influencing structure, history diversity. Within floodplains, historical landscape changes had severe impacts island specialists, making them vulnerable current future anthropogenic changes, as those imposed by hydroelectric dams Amazon Basin.

Language: Английский

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The impact of Quaternary Amazonian river dynamics on patterns and process of diversification in uakari monkeys (genusCacajao)

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 24, 2023

ABSTRACT Aim Western Amazonia is a region that underwent several landscape changes during the Quaternary. While Riverine Barrier Hypothesis traditionally used to explain influence of rivers on speciation, processes such as river rearrangements have been overlooked geographic distribution and evolutionary history biota. Here we test how in western influenced uakari monkeys, primate group most associated with seasonally flooded forests Amazonia. Location Taxon The monkey (genus Cacajao ) Methods We performed continuous phylogeographic analysis using 77 cytochrome b sequences digital elevation models identify role riverscape characteristics . Finally, genome-wide SNPs variation (ddRADseq) investigate population structure, gene flow demographic three species were impacted by rearrangements. Results Our phylogeographical reconstruction points ancestral lineage occupied Solimões River at ∼1.7 Mya, descendant lineages dispersed throughout more recently. identified among both black bald-headed populations, even across considered barriers (e.g., Negro River). Landscape showed structure indicates C. calvus, amuna , rubicundus went through decline last 70 Kya low effective size. Main conclusion results support shaped divergence recently diverged lineages. changes, along retractions forests, isolated some populations floodplain areas. study also suggests these events led recent restricted distribution.

Language: Английский

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Whole genomes of the amazonianCacajaoreveal complex connectivity and fast differentiation driven by high environmental dynamism

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 25, 2023

Abstract Despite showing the greatest primate diversity on planet, genomic studies Amazonian primates show very little representation in literature. With 48 geolocalized high coverage whole genomes from wild uakari monkeys, we present first population-level study platyrrhines using genome data. In a restricted range of Amazon rainforest, eight species ( Cacajao genus) have been described and categorized into bald black uakaris, based phenotypic ecological differences. slight habitat overlap, that posterior to their split 0.92 Mya, uakaris remained independent, without gene flow. Nowadays, these two groups distinct genetic group-specific variation linked pathogens. We propose differing hydrology patterns effectiveness geographic barriers modulated intra-group connectivity structure populations. Beyond increasing representation, with this work explored effects rainforest’s dynamism platyrrhine species.

Language: Английский

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