Exosome-mediated communication between gastric cancer cells and macrophages: implications for tumor microenvironment

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant neoplasm originating from the epithelial cells of gastric mucosa. The pathogenesis GC intricately linked to tumor microenvironment within which reside. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) primarily differentiate peripheral blood monocytes and can be broadly categorized into M1 M2 subtypes. M2-type TAMs have been shown promote growth, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis. Furthermore, they actively suppress acquired immunity, leading poorer prognosis reduced tolerance chemotherapy. Exosomes, contain myriad biologically active molecules including lipids, proteins, mRNA, noncoding RNAs, emerged as key mediators communication between TAMs. exchange these via exosomes markedly influence consequently impact progression. Recent studies elucidated correlation various clinicopathological parameters GC, such size, differentiation, infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis, TNM staging, highlighting pivotal role in development metastasis. In this review, we aim comprehensively examine bidirectional TAMs, implications alterations on immune escape, invasion, metastasis targeted therapeutic approaches for efficacy potential drug resistance strategies.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles from alveolar macrophages harboring phagocytosed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus induce necroptosis

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(7), P. 114453 - 114453

Published: July 1, 2024

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, a major cause of hospital- and community-acquired pneumonia, still has high mortality rate. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as crucial mediators intercellular communication, have significant impact on infectious diseases. However, the role EVs from alveolar macrophages (AMs) in MRSA pneumonia remains unclear. We report that AMs phagocytose release more mice with pneumonia. harboring phagocytosed exhibit proinflammatory effects induce necroptosis by delivering tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) miR-146a-5p. Mechanically, upregulated miR-146a-5p these enhances phosphorylation RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL targeting TNF receptor-associated 6 (TRAF6), thereby promoting TNF-α-induced necroptosis. The combination TNF-α antagonist an antagomir effectively improves outcomes Overall, we reveal pronecrotic effect MRSA-infected provide promising target for prevention treatment

Language: Английский

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Host cell responses to Candida albicans biofilm-derived extracellular vesicles

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Candida albicans is a prevalent fungal pathogen responsible for infections in humans. As described recently, nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by C. play crucial role the pathogenesis of infection facilitating host inflammatory responses and intercellular communication. This study investigates functional properties EVs released biofilms formed two strains—3147 (ATCC 10231) SC5314—in eliciting responses. We demonstrate capability to trigger reactions human epithelial immune cells. The involvement was evidenced from initial stages infection, specifically adherence further established capacity these induce cytokine production A549 cell line, THP-1 macrophage-like cells, blood-derived monocytes differentiated into macrophages. Internalization cells confirmed, identifying macropinocytosis phagocytosis as most probable mechanisms, demonstrated using various inhibitors that target potential vesicle uptake pathways Additionally, their cargo were identified chemoattractants neutrophils. After verification vivo effect biofilm-derived on host, Galleria mellonella larvae an alternative model, it SC5314 increased mortality injected larvae. In conclusion, both types predominantly pro-inflammatory observed, highlighting significant response during infection.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes: Mechanisms of Inter-Kingdom Communication and Clinical Implications

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 636 - 636

Published: March 11, 2025

Living organisms must adapt and communicate effectively in their environment to survive. Cells through various mechanisms, including releasing growth factors, chemokines, small bioactive molecules, cell–cell contact. In recent years, a new sophisticated cell communication mechanism based on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been described all three domains of life: archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes. EVs are small, bilayer proteolipid released by cells into the space. This review aims analyze compare current literature bacterial, archaeal, eukaryotic possible clinical applications. framework will address key points: (a) The role eukaryotes, archaea. (b) What is impact archaea disease? (c) How use with other (bacteria/eukaryotes).

Language: Английский

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Recent progress in exosomal non-coding RNAs research related to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 27, 2025

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by unknown etiology and limited therapeutic options. Recent studies implicate exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as crucial regulators in IPF. These ncRNAs, including long (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), circular (circRNAs), are involved cellular processes through various mechanisms of selective packaging, intercellular communication, signaling pathway integration. LncRNAs such LINC00470 PVT1 exhibit pro-fibrotic effects, while others like lnc-DC THRIL show inhibitory roles; some, UCA1 MALAT1, demonstrate bidirectional regulation. In miRNAs, agents (e.g., miR-486, miR-223) contrast with miRNAs miR-34a, miR-126), miR-21 miR-155 display dual functions. Similarly, circRNAs circ_0000479 circ_0026344 promote fibrosis, whereas circ_0000072 circ_0000410 act inhibitors, certain circ_002178 circ_0001246) exhibiting complex regulatory effects. Exosomal ncRNAs modulate key pathways, TGF-β Wnt/β-catenin, influencing IPF progression. Despite their potential, challenges remain exosome isolation, functional characterization clinical translation. Addressing these barriers innovative research strategies essential to leverage the management treatment This review comprehensively examines roles IPF, elucidates interactions, discusses future perspectives enhance understanding for this disease.

Language: Английский

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Plasma Microvesicles May Contribute to Muscle Damage in the mdx Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 3499 - 3499

Published: April 8, 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived lipid-bound divided into apoptotic bodies, microvesicles (MVs), and exosomes based on their biogenesis, release pathway, size, content, functions. EVs intercellular mediators that significantly affect muscle diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a fatal X-linked disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, leading to degeneration. Mdx mice most commonly used model study disease, this study, we phenotypically characterized plasma MVs from mdx flow cytometry. Furthermore, assessed ability of modulate inflammation, damage, and/or regeneration intramuscular injection or DBA/2 control. In both mouse lineages, platelets erythrocytes were primary sources MVs, CD3+ CD4+ observed only mice. We also induced damage but not mice, while did induce either lineage. These results indicate potentially pathogenic. However, condition depends tissue status, which must be responsive due active inflammatory regenerative responses.

Language: Английский

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Research progress of exosomes in the angiogenesis of digestive system tumour

Discover Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 11, 2024

Abstract Malignant tumours of the digestive system cover a wide range diseases that affect health people to large extent. Angiogenesis is indispensable in development, and metastasis tumours, mainly two ways: occupation or formation. Vessels can provide nutrients, oxygen, growth factors for encourage metastasis, so cancer progression depends on simultaneous angiogenesis. Recently, exosomes have been proven participate angiogenesis tumours. They influence by binding tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 with different affinities, regulating Yap-VEGF pathway, Akt pathway other signaling pathway. Additionally, are potential therapeutic vectors deliver many types cargoes cells. In this review, we summarize roles highlight clinical application prospects, directly used as targers delivery vehicles, antiangiogenic therapy.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicle production: A bidirectional effect in the interplay between host and Candida fungi

Current Research in Microbial Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 100255 - 100255

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Candida fungi exploit various virulence strategies to invade the human host, while host cells employ diverse mechanisms maintain homeostasis and respond infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are integral components of multifaceted landscape host-pathogen interactions, with their abundant production by all contributors involved in these complex dynamic relations. Herein, we present current state knowledge regarding response releasing EVs reaction Candida, as well influence fungal on functionality confronted cells. Fungal contribute enhanced adhesion pathogens evidenced for C. auris, may modulate several cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, TGF-β TNF-α, thereby exerting pro-infective pro-inflammatory effects, described albicans other species. Whereas biosynthesis can dynamically proliferation viability affect candidacidal effector The reciprocal from is a key focus, explaining significant role cell signaling interkingdom communication.

Language: Английский

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Dual impacts of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on cancer cells: unravelling complex interactions

Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 1229 - 1247

Published: Nov. 16, 2023

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicle and lipoprotein diagnostics (ExoLP-Dx) with membrane sensor: A robust microfluidic platform to overcome heterogeneity

Biomicrofluidics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(4)

Published: July 1, 2024

The physiological origins and functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) lipoproteins (LPs) propel advancements in precision medicine by offering non-invasive diagnostic therapeutic prospects for cancers, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases. However, EV/LP diagnostics (ExoLP-Dx) face considerable challenges. Their intrinsic heterogeneity, spanning biogenesis pathways, surface protein composition, concentration metrics complicate traditional approaches. Commonly used methods such as nanoparticle tracking analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, nuclear magnetic resonance do not provide any information about their proteomic subfractions, including active proteins/enzymes involved essential pathways/functions. Size constraints limit the efficacy flow cytometry small EVs LPs, while ultracentrifugation isolation is hampered co-elution with non-target entities. In this perspective, we propose a charge-based electrokinetic membrane sensor, silica reporters providing salient features, that can overcome interference, long incubation time, sensitivity, normalization issues ExoLP-Dx from raw plasma without needing sample pretreatment/isolation. A universal standard curve obtained despite heterogeneities.

Language: Английский

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