Nutrition Reviews,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
76(7), P. 481 - 496
Published: Jan. 26, 2018
It
has
become
increasingly
evident
in
recent
years
that
the
gut
microbiome
and
brain
communicate
a
bidirectional
manner,
with
each
possibly
affecting
other's
functions.
Substantial
research
aimed
to
understand
mechanisms
of
this
interaction
outline
strategies
for
preventing
or
treating
nervous
system-related
disturbances.
This
review
explores
evidence
demonstrating
how
may
affect
function
adults,
thereby
having
an
impact
on
stress,
anxiety,
depression,
cognition.
In
vitro,
vivo,
human
studies
reporting
association
between
change
functional
changes
are
highlighted,
as
outlining
by
which
affects
gastrointestinal
tract.
Possible
modes
action
explain
functionally
other
proposed.
Supplemental
probiotics
combat
brain-related
dysfunction
offer
promising
approach,
provided
future
elucidates
their
mode
possible
side
effects.
Further
warranted
establish
pre-
probiotic
interventions
help
balance
healthy
diseased
individuals.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
7
Published: Aug. 19, 2016
The
intestinal
microbiota
has
increasingly
been
shown
to
have
a
vital
role
in
various
aspects
of
human
health.
Indeed,
several
studies
linked
alterations
the
gut
with
development
different
diseases.
Among
vast
bacterial
community,
Bifidobacterium
is
genus
which
dominates
intestine
healthy
breast-fed
infants
whereas
adulthood
levels
are
lower
but
relatively
stable.
presence
species
bifidobacteria
changes
age,
from
childhood
old
age.
longum,
breve
and
bifidum
generally
dominant
catenulatum,
adolescentis
and,
as
well
B.
longum
more
adults.
Increasingly,
evidence
accumulating
shows
beneficial
effect
supplementation
for
improvement
health
conditions
ranging
protection
against
infection
extra-
intra-intestinal
positive
effects.
Moreover,
can
be
associated
production
number
potentially
promoting
metabolites
including
short
chain
fatty
acids,
conjugated
linoleic
acid
bacteriocins.
aim
this
mini-review
describe
composition
stages
life,
highlighting
their
role,
commonly
known
disease
states.
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
40(1), P. 21 - 49
Published: March 16, 2017
The
microbiota
is
increasingly
recognized
for
its
ability
to
influence
the
development
and
function
of
nervous
system
several
complex
host
behaviors.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
emerging
roles
gut
in
modulating
social
communicative
behavior,
stressor-induced
performance
learning
memory
tasks.
We
summarize
effects
on
neurophysiology,
including
brain
microstructure,
gene
expression,
neurochemical
metabolism
across
regions
amygdala,
hippocampus,
frontal
cortex,
hypothalamus.
further
assess
evidence
linking
dysbiosis
neurobehavioral
diseases,
such
as
autism
spectrum
disorder
major
depression,
drawing
upon
findings
from
animal
models
human
trials.
Finally,
based
increasing
associations
between
microbiota,
consider
whether
investigating
mechanisms
underlying
microbiota-gut-brain
axis
could
lead
novel
approaches
treating
particular
neurological
conditions.
Clinics and Practice,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
7(4), P. 987 - 987
Published: Sept. 15, 2017
The
bidirectional
communication
between
the
central
nervous
system
and
gut
microbiota,
referred
to
as
gut-brain-axis,
has
been
of
significant
interest
in
recent
years.
Increasing
evidence
associated
microbiota
both
gastrointestinal
extragastrointestinal
diseases.
Dysbiosis
inflammation
have
linked
causing
several
mental
illnesses
including
anxiety
depression,
which
are
prevalent
society
today.
Probiotics
ability
restore
normal
microbial
balance,
therefore
a
potential
role
treatment
prevention
depression.
This
review
aims
discuss
development
linkage
dysbiosis
possible
applications
probiotics
reduce
symptoms.
Neurobiology of Stress,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
4, P. 23 - 33
Published: March 5, 2016
There
is
a
growing
emphasis
on
the
relationship
between
complexity
and
diversity
of
microorganisms
that
inhabit
our
gut
(human
gastrointestinal
microbiota)
health/disease,
including
brain
health
disorders
central
nervous
system.
The
microbiota-gut-brain
axis
dynamic
matrix
tissues
organs
brain,
glands,
gut,
immune
cells
microbiota
communicate
in
complex
multidirectional
manner
to
maintain
homeostasis.
Changes
this
environment
can
lead
broad
spectrum
physiological
behavioural
effects
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA)
activation,
altered
activity
neurotransmitter
systems
function.
While
an
appropriate,
co-ordinated
response,
such
as
or
stress
response
are
necessary
for
survival,
dysfunctional
be
detrimental
host
contributing
development
number
CNS
disorders.
In
review,
involvement
stress-mediated
immune-mediated
modulation
neuroendocrine,
consequential
behaviour
considered.
We
also
focus
mechanisms
by
which
commensal
regulate
neuroinflammation
further
aim
exploit
understanding
their
role
stress-related
consequence
neuroinflammatory
processes.
Translational Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
6(11), P. e939 - e939
Published: Nov. 1, 2016
Abstract
The
emerging
concept
of
psychobiotics—live
microorganisms
with
a
potential
mental
health
benefit—represents
novel
approach
for
the
management
stress-related
conditions.
majority
studies
have
focused
on
animal
models.
Recent
preclinical
identified
B.
longum
1714
strain
as
putative
psychobiotic
an
impact
behaviors,
physiology
and
cognitive
performance.
Whether
such
effects
could
be
translated
to
healthy
human
volunteers
remains
unknown.
We
tested
whether
consumption
affect
stress
response,
cognition
brain
activity
patterns.
In
within-participants
design,
(
N=
22)
completed
assessments,
resting
electroencephalography
were
exposed
socially
evaluated
cold
pressor
test
at
baseline,
post-placebo
post-psychobiotic.
Increases
in
cortisol
output
subjective
anxiety
response
attenuated.
Furthermore,
daily
reported
was
reduced
by
consumption.
also
observed
subtle
improvements
hippocampus-dependent
visuospatial
memory
performance,
well
enhanced
frontal
midline
electroencephalographic
mobility
following
These
but
clear
benefits
are
line
predicted
from
screening
platforms.
Our
results
indicate
that
is
associated
improved
memory.
Further
warranted
evaluate
this
relevant
conditions
unravel
mechanisms
underlying
effects.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
8(8), P. 483 - 483
Published: Aug. 6, 2016
It
has
been
reported
that
gut
probiotics
play
a
major
role
in
the
bidirectional
communication
between
and
brain.
Probiotics
may
be
essential
to
people
with
depression,
which
remains
global
health
challenge,
as
depression
is
metabolic
brain
disorder.
However,
efficacy
of
for
controversial.
This
study
aimed
systematically
review
existing
evidence
on
effect
probiotics-based
interventions
depression.
Randomized,
controlled
trials,
identified
through
screening
multiple
databases
grey
literature,
were
included
meta-analysis.
The
meta-analysis
was
performed
using
Review
Manager
5.3
software
fixed-effects
model.
showed
significantly
decreased
scale
score
(MD
(depressive
disorder)
=
−0.30,
95%
CI
(−0.51–−0.09),
p
0.005)
subjects.
had
an
both
healthy
population
−0.25,
(−0.47–−0.03),
0.03)
patients
depressive
disorder
(MDD)
−0.73,
(−1.37–−0.09),
0.03).
aged
under
60
−0.43,
(−0.72–−0.13),
0.005),
while
it
no
over
65
−0.18,
(−0.47–0.11),
0.22).
first
systematic
goal
determining
We
found
associated
significant
reduction
underscoring
need
additional
research
this
potential
preventive
strategy
