The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1877 - 2013

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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Microbiota in health and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 23, 2022

Abstract The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, skin microbiota. microbial communities are symbiosis with host, contributing to homeostasis regulating immune function. However, dysbiosis lead dysregulation bodily functions including cardiovascular (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, etc. In this review, we discuss current knowledge how links host or pathogenesis. We first summarize research healthy conditions, gut-brain axis, colonization resistance modulation. Then, highlight pathogenesis disease development progression, primarily associated community composition, modulation response, induction chronic inflammation. Finally, introduce clinical approaches that utilize for treatment, such as fecal transplantation.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiota–brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 241 - 255

Published: Oct. 22, 2020

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome in neurological disorders

The Lancet Neurology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 179 - 194

Published: Nov. 18, 2019

Language: Английский

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Stress & the gut-brain axis: Regulation by the microbiome

Neurobiology of Stress, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 124 - 136

Published: March 19, 2017

The importance of the gut–brain axis in regulating stress-related responses has long been appreciated. More recently, microbiota emerged as a key player control this axis, especially during conditions stress provoked by real or perceived homeostatic challenge. Diet is one most important modifying factors microbiota-gut-brain axis. routes communication between and brain are slowly being unravelled, include vagus nerve, gut hormone signaling, immune system, tryptophan metabolism, microbial metabolites such short chain fatty acids. early life shaping later health outcomes also emerging. Results from preclinical studies indicate that alterations composition way antibiotic exposure, lack breastfeeding, birth Caesarean section, infection, other environmental influences - coupled with influence host genetics can result long-term modulation physiology behaviour. implicated variety including anxiety, depression irritable bowel syndrome, although largely based on animal correlative analysis patient populations. Additional research humans sorely needed to reveal relative impact causal contribution microbiome disorders. In regard, concept psychobiotics developed refined encompass methods targeting order positively mental outcomes. At 2016 Neurobiology Stress Workshop Newport Beach, CA, group experts presented symposium “The Microbiome: Development, Stress, Disease”. This report summarizes builds upon some concepts within context how might neurobiology stress.

Language: Английский

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Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Prebiotics Have Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects and Reverse the Impact of Chronic Stress in Mice

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 82(7), P. 472 - 487

Published: Feb. 24, 2017

Language: Английский

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Anxiety, Depression, and the Microbiome: A Role for Gut Peptides

Neurotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 36 - 59

Published: Nov. 13, 2017

Language: Английский

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The Gut–Brain Axis and the Microbiome: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 322 - 332

Published: Oct. 4, 2018

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and the Neuroendocrine System

Neurotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 5 - 22

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

The microbial ecosystem that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of all mammals-the gut microbiota-has been in a symbiotic relationship with its hosts over many millennia. Thanks to modern technology, myriad functions are controlled or modulated by microbiota beginning unfold. One systems is emerging closely interact body's major neuroendocrine system controls various body processes response stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This interaction pivotal importance; as disorders microbiota-gut-brain axis associated dysregulation HPA present contribution describes bidirectional communication between and delineates potential underlying mechanisms. In this regard, it important note interrelated other systems, such immune system, intestinal barrier blood-brain barrier, metabolites, hormones, well sensory autonomic nervous systems. These pathways will be exemplified through preclinical models early life beneficial roles probiotics prebiotics, evidence from germ-free mice, antibiotic-induced modulation microbiota.

Language: Английский

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The role of inflammation and the gut microbiome in depression and anxiety

Journal of Neuroscience Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 97(10), P. 1223 - 1241

Published: May 29, 2019

Abstract The study of the gut microbiome has increasingly revealed an important role in modulating brain function and mental health. In this review, we underscore specific pathways mechanisms by which can promote development disorders such as depression anxiety. First, review involvement stress response immune system activation Then, examine germ‐free murine models used to uncover developing pertinent activity system. We also document multiple stress‐induced inflammation harms ultimately affects health, how probiotic prebiotic treatments have shown be beneficial. Lastly, provide overview microbiome‐derived compounds (short‐chain fatty acids, tryptophan catabolites, microbial pattern recognition) related (vagal nerve fecal microbiota transplants) involved mediating influence Overall, a picture playing facilitating between response, inflammation, depression, anxiety is emerging. Future research needed firmly establish microbiome's causal role, further elucidate microbes possibly develop that improve health through microbiotic targets.

Language: Английский

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