Evolutionary history and underlying adaptation of alpine plants on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 52(3), P. 241 - 249

Published: March 24, 2014

Abstract As the highest and largest plateau in world, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, with its numerous endemic species, is one of important alpine biodiversity hotspots. Only recently have evolutionary histories underlying adaptations these plants become clear, through research mostly based on testable experiments analyses. In this issue, we collected a total 13 papers related to such aims. addition, selected few published highlight major findings recent past. We also outlined outlook direction future research.

Language: Английский

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Mountains as Evolutionary Arenas: Patterns, Emerging Approaches, Paradigm Shifts, and Their Implications for Plant Phylogeographic Research in the Tibeto-Himalayan Region

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 18, 2019

Recently, the "mountain-geobiodiversity hypothesis" (MGH) was proposed as a key concept for explaining high levels of biodiversity found in mountain regions Tibeto-Himalayan region (THR), which comprises Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, Himalayas, and hotspot known "Mountains Southwest China" (Hengduan Mountains region). In addition to MGH, covers entire life span system, complementary concept, so-called "flickering connectivity system" (FCS) recently period Quaternary. The FCS focuses on dynamics alpine ecosystems caused by drastic climatic changes during past ca. 2.6 million years, emphasizing that fragmentation allopatric speciation are not sole factors accelerated evolution species richness endemism mountains. I here provide review current state knowledge concerning geological uplift, Quaternary glaciation, main phylogeographic patterns ("contraction/recolonization", "platform refugia/local expansion", "microrefugia") seed plant THR. addition, make specific suggestions future avenues research should take into account basis fundamentals presented MGH FCS, related paradigm shifts.

Language: Английский

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Plant phylogeography in arid Northwest China: Retrospectives and perspectives

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 33 - 46

Published: March 5, 2014

Abstract Despite the absence of major Quaternary glaciations in arid Northwest China, significant climatic oscillations definitely impacted evolution biota situ . Phylogeography has grown as a discipline because it provided explicit tools for study geographical subdivision among populations. But phylogeographical application China begun to blossom, which evidence that aridification played role increase genetic diversity and species diversification. The time frame corresponds with Pleistocene oscillations, caused extreme aridity expansion sandy deserts. In Asian desert flora subkingdom Eurasian forest recurrent scenarios, identified by different case studies, broadly agree longstanding biogeographic, floristic, topographic concepts: (i) promoted diversification speciation plants; (ii) habitat fragmentation; (iii) Altay–Tianshan Mountains included glacial refugia (iv) population recolonization from occurred during postglacial period; (v) plants persistence alpine retreat climate oscillations. We discuss main findings light molecular paleo‐environmental evidence, emphasizing notable gaps our knowledge outlining future research perspectives disentangling evolutionary history this region's flora.

Language: Английский

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DNA barcoding of Rhododendron (Ericaceae), the largest Chinese plant genus in biodiversity hotspots of the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains

Molecular Ecology Resources, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 932 - 944

Published: Dec. 4, 2014

Abstract The Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains encompass two global biodiversity hotspots with high levels of and endemism. This area is one the diversification centres genus Rhododendron , which recognized as most taxonomically challenging plant taxa due to recent adaptive radiations rampant hybridization. In this study, four DNA barcodes were evaluated on 531 samples representing 173 species seven sections subgenera in a sampling density from employing three analytical methods. varied approaches ( nj pwg blast ) had different identification powers performing best. With analysis, discrimination rates for single 12.21% 25.19% ITS < rbcL matK psbA‐trnH . Combinations + showed highest ability (both 41.98%) among all possible combinations. As barcode, performed best relatively performance (25.19%). Overall, three‐marker combination was found be barcode identifying species. low discriminative efficiency barcoding (~42%) may possibly attributable too sequence divergences result long generation time complex speciation patterns involving hybridizations. Taking morphology, distribution range habitat into account, provided additional information delivered preliminary assessment large Mountains.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary history of the subnival flora of the Himalaya‐Hengduan Mountains: first insights from comparative phylogeography of four perennial herbs

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 31 - 43

Published: Sept. 25, 2015

Abstract Aim The Himalaya‐Hengduan Mountain ( HHM ) biodiversity hotspot including the ‘sky islands’ of Southwest China harbour exceptional plant diversity and endemicity at subnival summits (most them exceeding 4300 m a.s.l.). This study is first using a comparative phylogeographical framework to gain insights into temporal origin this highly fragmented flora, historical factors shaping its genetic architecture as exemplified by four perennial herbs. Location Mountains, China. Methods Based on nuclear and/or chloroplast (cp) DNA sequences for each studied species, we performed AMOVA mismatch distributional analyses assess molecular structure, demographic history in relation current last glacial distributions ecological niche modelling ENM ). Time‐calibrated phylogenetic reconstructions cp data were used infer species‐specific stem crown ages. Results Our time estimates suggest that these species originated during Late Pliocene or early‐to‐mid Pleistocene, whereas their onset diversification generally falls mid‐Pleistocene. All exhibited island‐like population structures, with all showing signatures recent growth spatial expansion based . By contrast, indicated broad‐scale remained fairly stable over glacial/post‐glacial cycle. Main conclusions likely associated tectonic changes region, while near‐simultaneous ‘Naynayxungla Glaciation’ (0.72–0.50 Ma) could reflect initial divergence through climate‐induced habitat fragmentation. Despite rather history, geographical isolation localized range expansion/contractions resulted significant structure differentiation Overall, present results are strongly indicative shared evolutionary histories structures among plants from island system’ region.

Language: Английский

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Ecological niche modelling does not support climatically-driven dinosaur diversity decline before the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 6, 2019

Abstract In the lead-up to Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction, dinosaur diversity is argued have been either in long-term decline, or thriving until their sudden demise. The latest Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian [83–66 Ma]) of North America provides best record address this debate, but even here reconstructions are biased by uneven sampling. Here we combine fossil occurrences with climatic and environmental modelling quantify American habitat. Ecological niche shows a Campanian-to-Maastrichtian habitability decrease areas present-day rock-outcrop. However, continent-wide projection demonstrates habitat stability, increase, that not preserved. This reduction spatial sampling window resulted from formation proto-Rocky Mountains sea-level regression. We suggest Maastrichtian therefore likely be underestimated, apparent decline product bias, due climatically-driven as previously hypothesised.

Language: Английский

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Molecular phylogeography and ecological niche modelling of a widespread herbaceous climber, Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (Vitaceae): insights into Plio–Pleistocene range dynamics of evergreen forest in subtropical China

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 206(2), P. 852 - 867

Published: Jan. 15, 2015

Summary Warm‐temperate evergreen ( WTE ) forest represents the typical vegetation type of subtropical China, but how its component species responded to past environmental change remains largely unknown. Here, we reconstruct evolutionary history Tetrastigma hemsleyanum , an herbaceous climber restricted forest. Twenty populations were genotyped using chloroplast DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci assess population structure diversity, supplemented by phylogenetic dating, ancestral area reconstructions ecological niche modeling ENM distributions during Last Glacial Maximum LGM at present. Lineages in Southwest vs Central‐South‐East China diverged through climate/tectonic‐induced vicariance southern range early Pliocene. Long‐term stability contrasts with latitudinal shifts region early‐to‐mid‐Pleistocene. Genetic data strongly suggest refugial persistence situ . Pre‐Quaternary changes appear have had a persistent influence on genetic this species. Our findings relative demographic biome over last glacial–interglacial cycle, contrast palaeobiome showing that retreated areas today's tropical South

Language: Английский

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Response to climate change of montane herbaceous plants in the genus Rhodiola predicted by ecological niche modelling

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: April 11, 2018

Climate change profoundly influences species distributions. These effects are evident in poleward latitudinal range shifts for many taxa, and upward altitudinal alpine species, that resulted from increased annual global temperatures since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 22,000 BP). For latter, ultimate consequence of may be extinction as highest ecosystems can migrate no further, a phenomenon often characterized "nowhere to go". To predict responses climate plants on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), we used ecological niche modelling (ENM) estimate 14 Rhodiola beginning with Interglacial (ca. 120,000-140,000 BP) through 2050. Distributions appear shaped by temperature-related variables. The southeastern QTP, especially Hengduan Mountains, were origin center distribution Rhodiola, also served refugia during LGM. Under future scenario 2050, might have northward, but would expand their ranges contra prediction go" hypothesis, caused appearance additional potential habitat concomitant reduction permafrost warming.

Language: Английский

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Herpetological phylogeographic analyses support a Miocene focal point of Himalayan uplift and biological diversification

National Science Review, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(9)

Published: Oct. 20, 2020

The Himalaya are among the youngest and highest mountains in world, but exact timing of their uplift origins biodiversity still debate. Himalayan region is a relatively small area with exceptional diversity endemism. One common hypothesis to explain rich montane uplift-driven diversification-that orogeny creates conditions favoring rapid

Language: Английский

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Spatiotemporal maintenance of flora in the Himalaya biodiversity hotspot: Current knowledge and future perspectives

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(16), P. 10794 - 10812

Published: July 17, 2021

Mountain ecosystems support a significant one-third of all terrestrial biodiversity, but our understanding the spatiotemporal maintenance this high biodiversity remains poor, or at best controversial. The Himalaya hosts complex mountain ecosystem with topographic and climatic heterogeneity harbors one world's richest floras. species endemism, together increasing anthropogenic threats, has qualified as most global hotspots. complexity makes it an ideal natural laboratory for studying mechanisms floral exchange, diversification, distributions. Here, we review literature pertaining to in order generate concise synthesis origin, distribution, climate change responses Himalayan flora. We found that supports rich Hengduan Mountains supplied majority elements, which subsequently diversified from late Miocene onward, create today's relatively endemicity Himalaya. Further, uncover links between diversification joint effect geological upheavals There is marked variance regarding dispersal, elevational gradients, impact among plant Himalaya, highlights some general trends recent advances on these aspects. Finally, provide recommendations conservation planning future research. Our work could be useful guiding research important will also new insights into underpinning other systems.

Language: Английский

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