The importance of the microbiome of the plant holobiont

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 206(4), P. 1196 - 1206

Published: Feb. 5, 2015

Plants can no longer be considered as standalone entities and a more holistic perception is needed. Indeed, plants harbor wide diversity of microorganisms both inside outside their tissues, in the endosphere ectosphere, respectively. These microorganisms, which mostly belong to Bacteria Fungi, are involved major functions such plant nutrition resistance biotic abiotic stresses. Hence, microbiota impact growth survival, two key components fitness. Plant fitness therefore consequence per se its microbiota, collectively form holobiont. Complementary reductionist evolutionary pressures acting on or symbiotic compartments, holobiont concept requires novel evolution. The interlinkages between explored here light current ecological theories. Microbiome complexity rules microbiotic community assemblage not yet fully understood. It suggested that modulate dynamically adjust environment. To better understand level dependence components, core need determined at different hierarchical scales ecology while pan-microbiome analyses would improve characterization displayed.

Language: Английский

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Dynamics in microbial communities: unraveling mechanisms to identify principles

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 1488 - 1495

Published: Dec. 19, 2014

Language: Английский

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The community ecology of invasive species: where are we and what's next?

Ecography, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 40(2), P. 335 - 352

Published: Oct. 26, 2016

Alien species are continually introduced in most regions of the world, but not all survive and coexist with resident native species. Approaches analyzing functional (or phylogenetic) similarity between invasive communities increasingly employed to infer processes underlying successful invasions predict future invaders. The relatively simple conceptual foundations have made these approaches very appealing therefore widely used, often leading confusion hampering generalizations. We undertook a comprehensive review synthesis approach invasion community ecology clarify its advantages limitations, summarize what has been learned thus far, suggest avenues for improvement. first present methodological state art provide general guidelines. Second, by organizing published literature around seven key questions we found cumulative evidence that: at large spatial scales phylogenetic relatedness is good predictor success, poor impacts; fine scales, resistance tends increase diversity invaders, consistent patterns emerging from biotic interactions. In general, filtering invaders appear vary across species’ stage along environmental gradients. Nonetheless, conflicting differences assembly species, invader's adventive ranges. Finally, propose four important overcoming some identified limitations approach, particular integrating observational experimental analyses explicitly considering demographic rates complex Although bears intrinsic it still offers many opportunities scales.

Language: Английский

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An expanded modern coexistence theory for empirical applications

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 3 - 18

Published: Oct. 11, 2018

Understanding long-term coexistence of numerous competing species is a longstanding challenge in ecology. Progress requires determining which processes and differences are most important for when multiple operate differ many ways. Modern theory (MCT), formalised by Chesson, holds out the promise doing that, but empirical applications remain scarce. We argue that MCT's mathematical complexity subtlety have obscured simplicity power its underlying ideas hindered applications. present general computational approach extends our previous solution storage effect to all standard spatial temporal mechanisms, also process-defined mechanisms amenable direct study such as resource partitioning, indirect competition, life history trade-offs. The main components method partition population growth rates into contributions from different their interactions, numerical calculations some removed others retained. illustrate how handles features not been analysed framework through several case studies: diatom under fluctuating temperature, plant-soil feedbacks grasslands, facilitation beach grass community, niche with independent effects on recruitment, survival sagebrush steppe.

Language: Английский

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A systematic review and conceptual framework for the mechanistic pathways of nurse plants

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 23(12), P. 1335 - 1345

Published: Aug. 25, 2014

Abstract Aim To conceptualize the mechanistic pathways of nurse‐plant syndrome by life‐form and to identify implications positive plant–plant interactions for landscape evolutionary ecology. Location Global. Methods We conducted a quantitative review examining 298 articles categorize literature on based geographic region, mechanism facilitation, ecological hypothesis nurse life‐form. Results A total nine different mechanisms were identified two classified as meta‐mechanisms. found that shrubs dominant (46% studies) studies plant most frequent in areas high abiotic stress. Nurse‐plant also distributed unevenly around globe with nearly quarter S outh merican ndes pain. Studies testing direct nurse–protégé frequently performed, including ecophysiological responses protégé species (32.2%). Research gaps included indirect seed trapping well large‐scale ecology evolution. Main conclusions Nurse plants are often considered keystone because they commonly structure communities. This is an important confirmatory finding many respects, but it novel challenges traditional theory has landscape‐level dynamics over time. The categorization proposed provides conceptual framework useful organizing research date can accelerate linkages application identifying connections. It becoming increasingly apparent future must decouple consider multiple interaction explain processes influence community structure, particularly high‐stress conditions, given changing climate potential shifts biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Large niche differences emerge at the recruitment stage to stabilize grassland coexistence

Ecological Monographs, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 85(3), P. 373 - 392

Published: Jan. 24, 2015

Niche differences and average fitness jointly determine coexistence. However, little empirical information about the magnitude of these two mechanisms is available. Using multispecies population models fit to long‐term demographic data for common, co‐occurring species in five grassland shrubland plant communities western North America, we estimated strength stabilizing niche differences. In all communities, both pairwise full community comparisons showed evidence strong relatively small For a total 17 pairs, measure based on simulations invasion growth rates ranged from 0.59 0.93 with mean 0.81, where 0 indicates complete overlap 1 zero overlap. A corresponding 1.02 2.54 1.53, identical value 2 fourfold difference sensitivity competition. Comparisons displayed similar patterns: 0.58 0.69 0.64, 1.42 1.63 1.47. almost every case, were much stronger than minimally necessary prevent competitive exclusion. Considering that but one studied are perennial grasses, which often grouped same functional type, surprising. between intra‐ interspecific effects at recruitment stage contributed far more stabilization interactions affecting survival. Our results indicate abundant, (1) dynamics neutral, weak combining stabilize coexistence, (2) processes operating early life stages account large proportion effect. Given limitations our inductive approach, findings represent hypotheses need experimental testing.

Language: Английский

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How belowground interactions contribute to the coexistence of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal species in severely phosphorus-impoverished hyperdiverse ecosystems

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 424(1-2), P. 11 - 33

Published: Sept. 30, 2017

Language: Английский

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From competition to facilitation: how tree species respond to neighbourhood diversity

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 892 - 900

Published: June 14, 2017

Studies on tree communities have demonstrated that species diversity can enhance forest productivity, but the driving mechanisms at local neighbourhood level remain poorly understood. Here, we use data from a large-scale biodiversity experiment with 24 subtropical to show richness generally promotes individual productivity. We found underlying depend focal tree's functional traits: For conservative resource-use strategy effects were brought about by facilitation, and for acquisitive traits competitive reduction. Moreover, positive strongest under low competition intensity (quantified as total basal area of neighbours) species, high species. Our findings demonstrate net in vary over small spatial scales, emphasising need consider variation interactions better understand community level.

Language: Английский

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Species coexistence in a changing world

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Oct. 14, 2015

The consequences of global change for the maintenance species diversity will depend on sum each responses to environment and interactions among them. A wide ecological literature supports that these species-specific can arise from factors related life strategies, evolutionary history intraspecific variation, also environmental variation in space time. In light recent advances coexistence theory combined with mechanistic explanations maintenance, we discuss how drivers influence coexistence. We revise importance both competition facilitation understanding different ecosystems, address phylogenetic relatedness, functional traits, phenotypic plasticity variability, lessons learnt invasion ecology. While most previous studies have focused their efforts disentangling mechanisms maintain biological species-rich ecosystems such as tropical forests, grasslands coral reefs, argue much be pauci-specific communities where variability within species, together demographic stochastic processes becomes key understand eventually community change.

Language: Английский

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Dos and don'ts when inferring assembly rules from diversity patterns

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(7), P. 1212 - 1229

Published: April 1, 2020

Abstract Aim More than ever, ecologists seek to understand how species are distributed and have assembled into communities using the “filtering framework”. This framework is based on hypothesis that local assemblages result from a series of abiotic biotic filters applied regional pools these leave predictable signals in observed diversity patterns. In theory, statistical comparisons expected patterns enable data‐driven tests assembly processes. However, so far this has fallen short delivering generalizable conclusions, challenging whether (and how) can be used characterize underlying processes better. Methods By synthesizing previously raised critiques suggested solutions comprehensive way, we identify 10 pitfalls lead flawed interpretations α‐diversity patterns, summarize developed circumvent provide general guidelines. Results We find most issues arise an overly simplistic view potential influence which often motivated by practical constraints study design, focal scale methodology. outline for each pitfall, such as methods spanning over spatial, environmental or phylogenetic scales, suggest guidelines best scientific practices community ecology. Among key future challenges integration mechanistic modelling multi‐trophic interactions. Main conclusions Our conclusion filtering still holds promise, but only if researchers successfully navigate major pitfalls, foster interactions directly account uncertainty their conclusions.

Language: Английский

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