Frontiers in Plant Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: April 4, 2022
Drought-related
tree
mortality
has
become
a
major
concern
worldwide
due
to
its
pronounced
negative
impacts
on
the
functioning
and
sustainability
of
forest
ecosystems.
However,
our
ability
identify
species
that
are
most
vulnerable
drought,
pinpoint
spatial
temporal
patterns
events,
is
still
limited.
Model
useful
tools
capture
dynamics
vegetation
at
spatiotemporal
scales,
yet
contemporary
land
surface
models
(LSMs)
often
incapable
predicting
response
environmental
perturbations
with
sufficient
accuracy,
especially
under
stressful
conditions
such
as
drought.
Significant
progress
been
made
regarding
physiological
mechanisms
underpinning
plant
drought
in
past
decade,
hydraulic
dysfunction
emerged
key
determinant
for
death
water
shortage.
The
identification
pivotal
events
relevant
traits
may
facilitate
forecasting
through
mechanistic
approach,
improved
precision.
In
this
review,
we
(1)
summarize
current
understanding
leading
death,
(2)
describe
functionality
involved
process
dysfunction,
(3)
outline
their
roles
improving
representation
function
LSMs.
We
urge
potential
future
research
detailed
processes
pinpointing
corresponding
functional
traits,
well
variation
across
within
species,
better
drought-induced
models.
Global Change Biology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
26(5), P. 3122 - 3133
Published: Feb. 13, 2020
Abstract
Drought‐related
tree
mortality
is
now
a
widespread
phenomenon
predicted
to
increase
in
magnitude
with
climate
change.
However,
the
patterns
of
which
species
and
trees
are
most
vulnerable
drought,
underlying
mechanisms
have
remained
elusive,
part
due
lack
relevant
data
difficulty
predicting
location
catastrophic
drought
years
advance.
We
used
long‐term
demographic
records
extensive
databases
functional
traits
distribution
understand
responses
20–53
an
extreme
seasonally
dry
tropical
forest
Costa
Rica,
occurred
during
2015
El
Niño
Southern
Oscillation
event.
Overall,
species‐specific
rates
ranged
from
0%
34%,
varied
little
as
function
size.
By
contrast,
hydraulic
safety
margins
correlated
well
probability
among
species,
while
morphological
or
leaf
economics
spectrum
did
not.
This
firmly
suggests
targets
for
future
research.
New Phytologist,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
225(1), P. 126 - 134
Published: Sept. 9, 2019
Summary
Efficient
water
transport
from
soil
to
leaves
sustains
stomatal
opening
and
steady‐state
photosynthesis.
The
aboveground
portion
of
this
pathway
is
well‐described,
yet
the
roots
their
connection
with
are
still
poorly
understood
due
technical
limitations.
Here
we
used
a
novel
rehydration
technique
investigate
changes
in
hydraulic
between
within
plant
body
as
individual
olive
plants
were
subjected
range
stresses.
Whole
root
resistance
(including
radial
xylem
soil–root
interface)
constituted
81%
whole‐plant
unstressed
plants,
increasing
>
95%
under
moderate
level
stress.
decline
whole
conductance
occurred
parallel
closure
contributed
significantly
reduction
canopy
according
model.
Our
results
demonstrate
that
losses
conductance,
mainly
disconnection
during
stress
profound
sufficient
induce
before
cavitation
occurs.
Future
studies
will
determine
whether
core
regulatory
role
hydraulics
exists
more
generally
among
diverse
species.
New Phytologist,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
236(6), P. 2019 - 2036
Published: Aug. 30, 2022
Hydraulic
failure
resulting
from
drought-induced
embolism
in
the
xylem
of
plants
is
a
key
determinant
reduced
productivity
and
mortality.
Methods
to
assess
this
vulnerability
are
difficult
achieve
at
scale,
leading
alternative
metrics
correlations
with
more
easily
measured
traits.
These
efforts
have
led
longstanding
pervasive
assumed
mechanistic
link
between
vessel
diameter
angiosperms.
However,
there
least
two
problems
assumption
that
requires
critical
re-evaluation:
(1)
our
current
understanding
does
not
provide
explanation
why
increased
width
should
lead
greater
vulnerability,
(2)
most
recent
advancements
nanoscale
processes
suggest
direct
driver.
Here,
we
review
data
physiological
comparative
wood
anatomy
studies,
highlighting
potential
anatomical
physicochemical
drivers
formation
spread.
We
then
put
forward
knowledge
gaps,
emphasising
what
known,
unknown
speculation.
A
meaningful
evaluation
diameter-vulnerability
will
require
better
biophysical
level
determine
spread,
which
turn
accurate
predictions
how
water
transport
affected
by
drought.
Annual Review of Plant Biology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
70(1), P. 407 - 433
Published: March 1, 2019
Water
transport
in
vascular
plants
represents
a
critical
component
of
terrestrial
water
cycles
and
supplies
the
needed
for
exchange
CO2
atmosphere
photosynthesis.
Yet,
many
fundamental
principles
are
difficult
to
assess
given
scale
location
plant
xylem.
Here
we
review
mechanistic
that
underpin
long-distance
plants,
with
focus
on
woody
species.
We
also
discuss
recent
development
noninvasive
tools
study
functional
status
xylem
networks
planta.
Limitations
current
methods
detect
drought-induced
blockages
(e.g.,
embolisms)
quantify
corresponding
declines
sap
flow,
coordination
hydraulic
dysfunction
other
physiological
processes
assessed.
Future
avenues
research
focused
cross-validation
hydraulics
discussed,
as
well
proposed
shift
theory
methodology
used
characterize
measure
use.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
177(3), P. 1066 - 1077
Published: May 22, 2018
Although
recent
findings
suggest
that
xylem
embolism
represents
a
significant,
drought-induced
damaging
process
in
land
plants,
substantial
debate
surrounds
the
capacity
of
long-vesseled,
ring-porous
species
to
resist
embolism.
We
investigated
whether
methodological
developments
could
help
resolve
this
controversy
within
Quercus,
temperate
angiosperm
genus,
and
shed
further
light
on
importance
vulnerability
as
an
indicator
drought
tolerance.
used
optical
technique
quantify
leaf
stem
eight
Quercus
from
Mediterranean-type
climate
region
California
examine
absolute
measures
resistance
well
any
potential
hydraulic
segmentation
between
tissue
types.
demonstrated
our
assessment
reflected
flow
impairment
for
subset
sample
by
quantifying
changes
conductance
dehydrating
branches.
Air-entry
water
varied
2-fold
leaves,
ranging
-1.7
±
0.25
MPa
-3.74
0.23
MPa,
4-fold
stems,
-1.17
0.04
-4.91
0.3
MPa.
Embolism
occurred
earlier
leaves
than
stems
only
one
out
species,
plants
always
lost
turgor
before
experiencing
Our
results
show
long-vesseled
North
American
are
more
resistant
previously
thought
support
hypothesis
avoiding
is
critical
component
tolerance
woody
trees.
Accurately
essential
understanding
distributions
along
aridity
gradients
predicting
plant
mortality
during
drought.
Plant Cell & Environment,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
42(10), P. 2789 - 2807
Published: July 5, 2019
Abstract
The
vast
majority
of
measurements
in
the
field
plant
hydraulics
have
been
on
small‐diameter
branches
from
woody
species.
These
provided
considerable
insight
into
functioning,
but
our
understanding
physiology
and
ecology
would
benefit
a
broader
view,
because
branch
hydraulic
properties
are
influenced
by
many
factors.
Here,
we
discuss
influence
that
other
components
network
vulnerability
to
embolism
propagation.
We
also
modelled
impact
changes
ratio
root‐to‐leaf
areas
soil
texture
failure
along
soil‐to‐leaf
continuum
showed
function
is
better
maintained
through
root
area
than
vulnerability.
Differences
among
species
stringency
with
which
they
regulate
leaf
water
potential
reliance
stored
buffer
affect
need
construct
resistant
branches.
Many
approaches,
such
as
fine
roots,
small
individuals,
combining
sap
flow
psychrometry
techniques,
modelling
efforts,
could
vastly
improve
whole‐plant
functioning.
A
how
traits
coordinated
across
whole
will
predictions
for
under
future
climate
conditions.
Ecology and Evolution,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
9(20), P. 11979 - 11999
Published: Oct. 1, 2019
Anthropogenic
activities
such
as
uncontrolled
deforestation
and
increasing
greenhouse
gas
emissions
are
responsible
for
triggering
a
series
of
environmental
imbalances
that
affect
the
Earth's
complex
climate
dynamics.
As
consequence
these
changes,
several
models
forecast
an
intensification
extreme
weather
events
over
upcoming
decades,
including
heat
waves
increasingly
severe
drought
flood
episodes.
The
occurrence
will
prompt
profound
changes
in
plant
communities,
resulting
massive
forest
dieback
can
trigger
loss
biodiversity
biomes
worldwide.
Despite
gravity
situation,
our
knowledge
regarding
how
undermine
performance,
survival,
distribution
species
remains
very
fragmented.
Therefore,
present
review
aimed
to
provide
broad
integrated
perspective
main
biochemical,
physiological,
morpho-anatomical
disorders
may
compromise
performance
survival
exposed
change
factors,
particularly
drought,
flooding,
global
warming.
In
addition,
we
also
discuss
controversial
effects
high
CO2
concentrations
enhancing
growth
reducing
deleterious
some
climatic
events.
We
conclude
with
discussion
about
possible
factors
associated
might
have
on
composition.
New Phytologist,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
232(1), P. 68 - 79
Published: June 24, 2021
Summary
Global
warming
is
expected
to
dramatically
accelerate
forest
mortality
as
temperature
and
drought
intensity
increase.
Predicting
the
magnitude
of
this
impact
urgently
requires
an
understanding
process
connecting
atmospheric
drying
plant
tissue
damage.
Recent
episodes
worldwide
have
been
widely
attributed
dry
conditions
causing
acute
damage
vascular
systems.
Under
scenario
embolisms
produced
by
water
stress
are
thought
cause
death,
yet
hypothetical
trajectory
has
never
empirically
demonstrated.
Here
we
provide
foundational
evidence
failure
in
network
leaves
with
caused
during
stress.
We
observe
a
catastrophic
sequence
initiated
column
breakage
under
tension
leaf
veins
which
severs
local
supply,
immediately
cellular
dehydration
irreversible
By
highlighting
primacy
death
exposed
or
evaporative
our
results
strong
mechanistic
foundation
upon
models
response
can
be
confidently
structured.