Triggers of tree mortality under drought

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 558(7711), P. 531 - 539

Published: June 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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The impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: A review

Science China Earth Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 62(10), P. 1551 - 1563

Published: May 30, 2019

Language: Английский

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A catastrophic tropical drought kills hydraulically vulnerable tree species

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 3122 - 3133

Published: Feb. 13, 2020

Abstract Drought‐related tree mortality is now a widespread phenomenon predicted to increase in magnitude with climate change. However, the patterns of which species and trees are most vulnerable drought, underlying mechanisms have remained elusive, part due lack relevant data difficulty predicting location catastrophic drought years advance. We used long‐term demographic records extensive databases functional traits distribution understand responses 20–53 an extreme seasonally dry tropical forest Costa Rica, occurred during 2015 El Niño Southern Oscillation event. Overall, species‐specific rates ranged from 0% 34%, varied little as function size. By contrast, hydraulic safety margins correlated well probability among species, while morphological or leaf economics spectrum did not. This firmly suggests targets for future research.

Language: Английский

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Declining root water transport drives stomatal closure in olive under moderate water stress

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 225(1), P. 126 - 134

Published: Sept. 9, 2019

Summary Efficient water transport from soil to leaves sustains stomatal opening and steady‐state photosynthesis. The aboveground portion of this pathway is well‐described, yet the roots their connection with are still poorly understood due technical limitations. Here we used a novel rehydration technique investigate changes in hydraulic between within plant body as individual olive plants were subjected range stresses. Whole root resistance (including radial xylem soil–root interface) constituted 81% whole‐plant unstressed plants, increasing > 95% under moderate level stress. decline whole conductance occurred parallel closure contributed significantly reduction canopy according model. Our results demonstrate that losses conductance, mainly disconnection during stress profound sufficient induce before cavitation occurs. Future studies will determine whether core regulatory role hydraulics exists more generally among diverse species.

Language: Английский

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Functional xylem characteristics associated with drought‐induced embolism in angiosperms

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 236(6), P. 2019 - 2036

Published: Aug. 30, 2022

Hydraulic failure resulting from drought-induced embolism in the xylem of plants is a key determinant reduced productivity and mortality. Methods to assess this vulnerability are difficult achieve at scale, leading alternative metrics correlations with more easily measured traits. These efforts have led longstanding pervasive assumed mechanistic link between vessel diameter angiosperms. However, there least two problems assumption that requires critical re-evaluation: (1) our current understanding does not provide explanation why increased width should lead greater vulnerability, (2) most recent advancements nanoscale processes suggest direct driver. Here, we review data physiological comparative wood anatomy studies, highlighting potential anatomical physicochemical drivers formation spread. We then put forward knowledge gaps, emphasising what known, unknown speculation. A meaningful evaluation diameter-vulnerability will require better biophysical level determine spread, which turn accurate predictions how water transport affected by drought.

Language: Английский

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Functional Status of Xylem Through Time

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 70(1), P. 407 - 433

Published: March 1, 2019

Water transport in vascular plants represents a critical component of terrestrial water cycles and supplies the needed for exchange CO2 atmosphere photosynthesis. Yet, many fundamental principles are difficult to assess given scale location plant xylem. Here we review mechanistic that underpin long-distance plants, with focus on woody species. We also discuss recent development noninvasive tools study functional status xylem networks planta. Limitations current methods detect drought-induced blockages (e.g., embolisms) quantify corresponding declines sap flow, coordination hydraulic dysfunction other physiological processes assessed. Future avenues research focused cross-validation hydraulics discussed, as well proposed shift theory methodology used characterize measure use.

Language: Английский

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Low Vulnerability to Xylem Embolism in Leaves and Stems of North American Oaks

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 177(3), P. 1066 - 1077

Published: May 22, 2018

Although recent findings suggest that xylem embolism represents a significant, drought-induced damaging process in land plants, substantial debate surrounds the capacity of long-vesseled, ring-porous species to resist embolism. We investigated whether methodological developments could help resolve this controversy within Quercus, temperate angiosperm genus, and shed further light on importance vulnerability as an indicator drought tolerance. used optical technique quantify leaf stem eight Quercus from Mediterranean-type climate region California examine absolute measures resistance well any potential hydraulic segmentation between tissue types. demonstrated our assessment reflected flow impairment for subset sample by quantifying changes conductance dehydrating branches. Air-entry water varied 2-fold leaves, ranging -1.7 ± 0.25 MPa -3.74 0.23 MPa, 4-fold stems, -1.17 0.04 -4.91 0.3 MPa. Embolism occurred earlier leaves than stems only one out species, plants always lost turgor before experiencing Our results show long-vesseled North American are more resistant previously thought support hypothesis avoiding is critical component tolerance woody trees. Accurately essential understanding distributions along aridity gradients predicting plant mortality during drought.

Language: Английский

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A dynamic yet vulnerable pipeline: Integration and coordination of hydraulic traits across whole plants

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 42(10), P. 2789 - 2807

Published: July 5, 2019

Abstract The vast majority of measurements in the field plant hydraulics have been on small‐diameter branches from woody species. These provided considerable insight into functioning, but our understanding physiology and ecology would benefit a broader view, because branch hydraulic properties are influenced by many factors. Here, we discuss influence that other components network vulnerability to embolism propagation. We also modelled impact changes ratio root‐to‐leaf areas soil texture failure along soil‐to‐leaf continuum showed function is better maintained through root area than vulnerability. Differences among species stringency with which they regulate leaf water potential reliance stored buffer affect need construct resistant branches. Many approaches, such as fine roots, small individuals, combining sap flow psychrometry techniques, modelling efforts, could vastly improve whole‐plant functioning. A how traits coordinated across whole will predictions for under future climate conditions.

Language: Английский

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Different ways to die in a changing world: Consequences of climate change for tree species performance and survival through an ecophysiological perspective

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(20), P. 11979 - 11999

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

Anthropogenic activities such as uncontrolled deforestation and increasing greenhouse gas emissions are responsible for triggering a series of environmental imbalances that affect the Earth's complex climate dynamics. As consequence these changes, several models forecast an intensification extreme weather events over upcoming decades, including heat waves increasingly severe drought flood episodes. The occurrence will prompt profound changes in plant communities, resulting massive forest dieback can trigger loss biodiversity biomes worldwide. Despite gravity situation, our knowledge regarding how undermine performance, survival, distribution species remains very fragmented. Therefore, present review aimed to provide broad integrated perspective main biochemical, physiological, morpho-anatomical disorders may compromise performance survival exposed change factors, particularly drought, flooding, global warming. In addition, we also discuss controversial effects high CO2 concentrations enhancing growth reducing deleterious some climatic events. We conclude with discussion about possible factors associated might have on composition.

Language: Английский

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Linking xylem network failure with leaf tissue death

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 232(1), P. 68 - 79

Published: June 24, 2021

Summary Global warming is expected to dramatically accelerate forest mortality as temperature and drought intensity increase. Predicting the magnitude of this impact urgently requires an understanding process connecting atmospheric drying plant tissue damage. Recent episodes worldwide have been widely attributed dry conditions causing acute damage vascular systems. Under scenario embolisms produced by water stress are thought cause death, yet hypothetical trajectory has never empirically demonstrated. Here we provide foundational evidence failure in network leaves with caused during stress. We observe a catastrophic sequence initiated column breakage under tension leaf veins which severs local supply, immediately cellular dehydration irreversible By highlighting primacy death exposed or evaporative our results strong mechanistic foundation upon models response can be confidently structured.

Language: Английский

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