Abiotic Stress and Reactive Oxygen Species: Generation, Signaling, and Defense Mechanisms

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 277 - 277

Published: Feb. 11, 2021

Climate change is an invisible, silent killer with calamitous effects on living organisms. As the sessile organism, plants experience a diverse array of abiotic stresses during ontogenesis. The relentless climatic changes amplify intensity and duration stresses, making dwindle to survive. Plants convert 1-2% consumed oxygen into reactive species (ROS), in particular, singlet (1O2), superoxide radical (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl (•OH), etc. as byproduct aerobic metabolism different cell organelles such chloroplast, mitochondria, regulatory network comprising enzymatic non-enzymatic antioxidant systems tends keep magnitude ROS within plant cells non-damaging level. However, under stress conditions, production rate increases exponentially, exceeding potential scavengers instigating oxidative burst, which affects biomolecules disturbs cellular redox homeostasis. are similar double-edged sword; and, when present below threshold level, mediate signaling pathways that actuate growth, development, acclimatization against stresses. displays both detrimental beneficial effects. exact mediated alleviation yet be fully elucidated. Therefore, review deposits information about status known sites production, mechanisms/pathways, effects, management stress. In addition, role played by advancement modern techniques molecular priming, biology, phenomics, crop modeling preventing stress, well diverting has been canvassed.

Language: Английский

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Climate change impacts on plant pathogens, food security and paths forward

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(10), P. 640 - 656

Published: May 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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Developing climate‐resilient crops: improving plant tolerance to stress combination

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(2), P. 373 - 389

Published: Sept. 5, 2021

SUMMARY Global warming and climate change are driving an alarming increase in the frequency intensity of different abiotic stresses, such as droughts, heat waves, cold snaps, flooding, negatively affecting crop yields causing food shortages. Climate is also altering composition behavior insect pathogen populations adding to yield losses worldwide. Additional constraints agriculture caused by increasing amounts human‐generated pollutants, well negative impact on soil microbiomes. Although laboratory, we trained study individual stress conditions plants, field many pests could simultaneously or sequentially affect combination. Because expected combination events (e.g., waves combined with drought, other and/or pathogens), a concentrated effort needed how crops. This need particularly critical, studies have shown that response plants unique cannot be predicted from simply studying each stresses part Strategies enhance tolerance particular may therefore fail this specific stress, when factors. Here review recent combinations propose new approaches avenues for development combination‐ change‐resilient

Language: Английский

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Abscisic Acid-Induced Stomatal Closure: An Important Component of Plant Defense Against Abiotic and Biotic Stress

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 4, 2021

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that accumulates under different abiotic and biotic stresses. A typical effect of ABA on leaves to reduce transpirational water loss by closing stomata parallelly defend against microbes restricting their entry through stomatal pores. can also promote the accumulation polyamines, sphingolipids, even proline. Stomatal closure compounds other than helps plant defense both factors. Further, interact with hormones, such as methyl jasmonate (MJ) salicylic (SA). Such cross-talk be an additional factor in adaptations environmental stresses microbial pathogens. The present review highlights recent progress understanding ABA's multifaceted role conditions, particularly closure. We point out importance reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonyl (RCS), nitric oxide (NO), Ca2+ guard cells key signaling components during ABA-mediated short-term reactions. rise ROS, RCS, NO, intracellular triggered events involved long-term adaptive measures, including gene expression, compatible solutes protect cell, hypersensitive response (HR), programmed cell death (PCD). Several pathogens counteract try reopen stomata. Similarly, attempt trigger PCD host tissue benefit. Yet, ABA-induced effects independent delay pathogen spread infection within leaves. influences among early steps crucial component plants' innate immunity response. are quite sensitive considered good model systems for signal transduction studies. Further research mechanism help us design strategies plant/crop stress.

Language: Английский

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Trichoderma: a multipurpose, plant-beneficial microorganism for eco-sustainable agriculture

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(5), P. 312 - 326

Published: Nov. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Biostimulants for Plant Growth and Mitigation of Abiotic Stresses: A Metabolomics Perspective

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 505 - 505

Published: Dec. 10, 2020

Adverse environmental conditions due to climate change, combined with declining soil fertility, threaten food security. Modern agriculture is facing a pressing situation where novel strategies must be developed for sustainable production and Biostimulants, conceptually defined as non-nutrient substances or microorganisms the ability promote plant growth health, represent potential provide economically favorable solutions that could introduce approaches improve agricultural practices crop productivity. Current knowledge phenotypic observations suggest biostimulants potentially function in regulating modifying physiological processes plants growth, alleviate stresses, quality yield. However, successfully develop biostimulant-based formulations programs, understanding biostimulant-plant interactions, at molecular, cellular levels, prerequisite. Metabolomics, multidisciplinary omics science, offers unique opportunities predictively decode mode of action on plants, identify signatory markers biostimulant action. Thus, this review intends highlight current scientific efforts gaps research industry, context promotion stress responses. The firstly revisits models have been elucidated describe molecular machinery employed by coping stresses. Furthermore, definitions, claims applications are pointed out, also indicating lack biological basis accurately postulate mechanisms biostimulants. articulates briefly key aspects metabolomics workflow (potential) science industry.

Language: Английский

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Plant Defense Responses to Biotic Stress and Its Interplay With Fluctuating Dark/Light Conditions

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 4, 2021

Plants are subjected to a plethora of environmental cues that cause extreme losses crop productivity. Due fluctuating conditions, plants encounter difficulties in attaining full genetic potential for growth and reproduction. One such condition is the recurrent attack on by herbivores microbial pathogens. To surmount attacks, have developed complex array defense mechanisms. The mechanism can be either preformed, where toxic secondary metabolites stored; or inducible, activated upon detection an attack. sense biotic stress activate regulatory transcriptional machinery, eventually generate appropriate response. Plant against pathogen well understood, but interplay impact different signals responses still remain elusive. light dark response one area comprehend. Light alterations not only regulate mechanisms impacting plant development biochemistry also bestow resistance invading interaction between dark/light environment activates signaling cascade. This cascade acts as connecting link perception stress, environment, generation physiological biochemical present review highlights molecular arising from fluctuations vis-à-vis elicitation plants.

Language: Английский

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When Viruses Play Team Sports: Mixed Infections in Plants

Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 110(1), P. 29 - 48

Published: Sept. 23, 2019

The pathological importance of mixed viral infections in plants might be underestimated except for a few well-characterized synergistic combinations certain crops. Considering that the host ranges many viruses often overlap and most plant species can infected by several unrelated viruses, it is not surprising to find more than one virus simultaneously same plant. Furthermore, dispersal majority relies on efficient transmission mechanisms mediated vector organisms, mainly but exclusively insects, which contribute occurrence multiple Recent work using different experimental approaches has shown remarkably frequent, up point they could considered rule exception. purpose this review describe impact only participating themselves also their vectors common host. From standpoint, arise as complex events involve cross-interacting players, consequently require general perspective analysis single-virus/single-host full understanding relevance.

Language: Английский

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Abiotic Stress in Crop Production

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 6603 - 6603

Published: April 1, 2023

The vast majority of agricultural land undergoes abiotic stress that can significantly reduce yields. Understanding the mechanisms plant defenses against stresses and putting this knowledge into practice is, therefore, an integral part sustainable agriculture. In review, we focus on current findings in resistance to four cardinal stressors-drought, heat, salinity, low temperatures. Apart from description newly discovered signaling stress, review also focuses importance primary secondary metabolites, including carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolics, phytohormones. A meta-analysis transcriptomic studies concerning model Arabidopsis demonstrates long-observed phenomenon stressors induce different signals effects at level gene expression, but genes whose regulation is similar under most still be traced. analysis further reveals transcriptional modulation Golgi-targeted proteins response heat stress. Our highlights several are similarly regulated all conditions. These support central role phytohormones response, some these has not yet been studied. Finally, provides information about major European crop plants-wheat, sugar beet, maize, potatoes, barley, sunflowers, grapes, rapeseed, tomatoes, apples.

Language: Английский

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Salinity Stress in Potato: Understanding Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Responses

Life, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 545 - 545

Published: June 10, 2021

Among abiotic stresses, salinity is a major global threat to agriculture, causing severe damage crop production and productivity. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) regarded as future food by FAO ensure security, which severely affected salinity. The growth of the potato plant inhibited under salt stress due osmotic stress-induced ion toxicity. Salinity-mediated leads physiological changes in plant, including nutrient imbalance, impairment detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS), membrane damage, reduced photosynthetic activities. Several biochemical phenomena, such maintenance water status, transpiration, respiration, use efficiency, hormonal balance, leaf area, germination, antioxidants are adversely affected. ROS increased plasma permeability extravasations substances, causes imbalance plasmolysis. However, plants cope with mediated oxidative conditions enhancing both enzymatic non-enzymatic antioxidant osmoprotectants, proline, polyols (sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, maltitol), quaternary ammonium compound (glycine betaine) synthesized overcome adverse effect response tolerance include complex multifaceted mechanisms that controlled multiple proteins their interactions. This review aims redraw attention researchers explore current physiological, molecular responses subsequently develop potential mitigation strategies against potatoes.

Language: Английский

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