Epigenetics and the success of invasive plants

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 376(1826), P. 20200117 - 20200117

Published: April 17, 2021

Biological invasions impose ecological and economic problems on a global scale, but also provide extraordinary opportunities for studying contemporary evolution. It is critical to understand the evolutionary processes that underly invasion success in order successfully manage existing invaders, prevent future invasions. As successful invasive species sometimes are suspected rapidly adjust their new environments spite of very low genetic diversity, we obliged re-evaluate genomic-level translate into phenotypic diversity. In this paper, review work supports idea trait variation, within among populations, can be created through epigenetic or other non-genetic processes, particularly clonal invaders where somatic changes persist indefinitely. We consider several have been implicated as adaptive success, focusing various forms 'genomic shock' resulting from exposure environmental stress, hybridization whole-genome duplication (polyploidy), leading patterns gene expression re-programming contribute variation even novelty. These mechanisms transgressive phenotypes, including hybrid vigour novel traits, may thus help huge successes some plant especially those genetically impoverished. This article part theme issue 'How does epigenetics influence course evolution?'

Language: Английский

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Plant Strategies

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 27, 2023

Abstract Plants have evolved a remarkable array of adaptive solutions to the existential problem survival and reproduction in world where disturbances can be deadly, resources are scarce, competition is cutthroat. inherited phenotypic traits that increased their chance success, these indicators strategies for establishment survival. A plant strategy thought as “how species sustains population” (Westoby, 1998, p. 214) because all successful must positive demographic outcomes habitats which they adapted. This book aims articulate coherent framework studying unifies demography with functional ecology advance prediction ecology. Central this traits: heritable morphological, physiological, phenological attributes plants influence therefore drive fitness differences among species.

Language: Английский

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Unravelling the clonal trait space: Beyond above‐ground and fine‐root traits

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(4), P. 730 - 740

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Abstract Plant trait variation is constrained by mechanical and energetic trade‐offs as attested the global spectrum of plant form function fine‐root economics space for above‐ below‐ground traits. However, traits that are key fitness maintenance in some groups, such clonal bud bank traits, have not yet been integrated within frameworks provided above‐ground space. By using an extensive dataset encompassing above‐ground, fine‐root, 2000 species Central European herbs, we asked whether correspond to placement or Perennial non‐clonal herbs show indistinct positioning spaces. This extends reinforces previous fragmentary evidence weak correlations between dimensions. Additionally, identify first time a limited correlation well. disconnection suggests operate independently from other spectra. For this reason, introduce concept ‘clonal space’ herbs. The dimension defined size persistence connection, reflecting gradient specialisation on‐spot tolerance disturbance ( dimension). second dimension, multiplication rate lateral spread, reflects axis horizontal Clonal dimensions add non‐redundant information fine‐roots Synthesis : We champion integration into spaces, thereby enhancing our comprehension multifaceted strategies exhibited plants.

Language: Английский

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The hidden half of ontogeny and seasonal dynamics in perennial herbs

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Abstract The life strategy of perennial herbs is dependent on coarse belowground organs, such as rhizomes, bulbs, tubers and storage roots, necessary for repeated seasonal regrowth often invaluable vegetative reproduction. Yet, the development these organs in early its links to dynamics aboveground parts generally unknown. To unravel ontogeny plants, we conducted a three‐year experimental study with 20 species differing by rhizome type. We confirmed that plant differ, partly driven phenological strategy, there are differences between organ types. costs constructions along morphological constraints occurring during may govern species' reproductive carbohydrate strategies. Synthesis : show fully understand strategies, plants need be studied integrated bodies consisting reciprocally influencing each other.

Language: Английский

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Winter belowground: Changing winters and the perennating organs of herbaceous plants

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 35(8), P. 1627 - 1639

Published: June 10, 2021

Abstract The physical avoidance of overwinter damage is important for determining the success herbaceous perennial plants in climates with cold winters. Exposure to damaging frost can be affected by contemporary climatic change, which include an increase winter air temperatures, changes precipitation and timing severity warm events. In this review, we consider specific adaptations avoid harsh conditions via perennating organs, what known about their responses warming winters, future directions research overwintering herbs should explore. Herbaceous have adapted part investing carbohydrates into belowground organs perennation instead aboveground biomass. location renewal buds stored increases protection against freezing they further protected insulation from plant litter or snow cover. Climate change affect altering cover depth duration, thus increasing decreasing exposure frost, may initiate earlier a later onset growth spring. Winter productivity some species, but directly indirectly decrease it others lead loss specialized plants, example, snowbed communities. Plants shallow structures taproots particularly vulnerable increased soil penetration resulting reduced Measures organ biomass storage carbohydrate content used assess how allocation, storage, potential When destructive measures cannot taken, use trait measures, such as type, its traits, size bud bank, add strength assessment across multiple species. To fully understand effects changing on researchers must better account strategies, drivers, costs, benefits. A free Plain Language Summary found within Supporting Information article.

Language: Английский

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Correlates of geoxyle diversity in Afrotropical grasslands

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49(2), P. 339 - 352

Published: Jan. 9, 2022

Abstract Aim Tropical old‐growth grasslands are increasingly acknowledged as biodiverse ecosystems, but they understudied in many aspects. Geoxyle species a key component of these their belowground storage organs and bud banks functionally diverse contribute to the grasslands’ resilience. However, drivers geoxyles’ evolution (belowground) diversity little understood. Thus, we combined analyses on aspects diversity, functionality, ancestry, ecology geoxyles provide first comprehensive understanding this often overlooked growth form. Location Southern hemisphere Africa, particularly Angola part Zambezian phytochorion. Taxon species. Methods We assessed bank types biogeographic origins grass‐dominated vegetation Angolan plateau, covering broad altitudinal, climatic geological range. Geoxyles were sampled extensively at three different sites, yielding 118 taxa about 59% geoxyle flora. Based current distribution Africa below equator, analysed environmental correlates taxonomic, functional context. Results numbers communities differed strongly among showed very similar spectra. evolved multiple lineages originated biomes, unevenly associated with biomes. Furthermore, correlate specific driver combinations. Main conclusions Functional is not directly linked result that contributed differently preadapted can occur under conditions, require seasonal climates, open grassy ecosystems subjected fire, frost likely herbivory. highlight importance emphasize need for further studies understand important complex

Language: Английский

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Incorporating clonality into the plant ecology research agenda

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(12), P. 1236 - 1247

Published: Aug. 18, 2021

Language: Английский

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Get the shovel: morphological and evolutionary complexities of belowground organs in geophytes

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 108(3), P. 372 - 387

Published: March 1, 2021

Herbaceous plants collectively known as geophytes, which regrow from belowground buds, are distributed around the globe and throughout land plant tree of life. The geophytic habit is an evolutionarily ecologically important growth form in plants, permitting novel life history strategies, enabling occupation more seasonal climates, mediating interactions between their water nutrient resources, influencing macroevolutionary patterns by differential diversification adaptation. These taxa excellent study systems for understanding how convergence on a similar (i.e., geophytism) can occur via different morphological developmental mechanisms. Despite importance organs characterizing whole‐plant diversity, morphology evolution these have been vastly understudied with most research focusing only few crop systems. Here, we clarify terminology commonly used (and sometimes misused) to describe geophytes underground highlight key evolutionary plants. Additionally, advocate increasing resources geophyte implementing standardized ontological definitions improve our factors controlling, promoting, maintaining diversity.

Language: Английский

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Belowground plant traits and their ecosystem functions along aridity gradients in grasslands

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 487(1-2), P. 39 - 48

Published: March 2, 2023

Abstract Ecosystem responses to environmental change are usually studied solely using aboveground (usually leaf) traits. However, belowground plant traits, such as fine roots and coarse organs, likely play a crucial role in ecosystem response, especially under aridifcation. We conducted literature survey on traits along aridity gradients temperate grasslands propose which effect might be connected with abrupt vegetation changes that would occur aridification due change. With increasing aridity, seasonal regeneration decreasingly relies recruitment from the bud bank increasingly seeds. This leads greater inter-annual variability biomass production. Other bearing organs root distribution soil, also shifts gradient. As aridifcation begins, we plants become more conservative their producing lower amounts of litter. Increasing lead loss rhizomatous community prevalence deep rooting leading soil resource utilization susceptibility erosion. Under extreme aridification, perennial plants, except those bulbs, lost replaced by annuals produce low litter use only ephemeral water resources upper layers. Belowground clonal growth banks, distributions, may provide mechanistic understanding behind functioning

Language: Английский

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Belowground morphology as a clue for plant response to disturbance and productivity in a temperate flora

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(1), P. 61 - 76

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Summary Plants possess a large variety of nonacquisitive belowground organs, such as rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, and coarse roots. These organs determine whole set functions that are decisive in coping with climate, productivity, disturbance, biotic interactions, have been hypothesized to affect plant distribution along environmental gradients. We assembled data on organ morphology for 1712 species from Central Europe tested these hypotheses by quantifying relationships between morphologies optima ecological gradients related productivity disturbance. Furthermore, we linked co‐occurrence 30 115 vegetation plots the Czech Republic diversity The strongest determining were disturbance severity frequency, light, moisture. Nonclonal perennials annuals occupy much smaller parts total space than major types clonal plants. Forest habitats had highest co‐occurring morphologies; other habitats, was generally lower random expectation. Our work shows may be partly responsible niches. This adds new dimension trait spectrum, currently based acquisitive traits (leaves fine roots) only.

Language: Английский

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