The global distribution of angiosperm genome size is shaped by climate

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(2), P. 744 - 759

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Angiosperms, which inhabit diverse environments across all continents, exhibit significant variation in genome sizes, making them an excellent model system for examining hypotheses about the global distribution of size. These include previously proposed large constraint, mutational hazard, polyploidy-mediated, and climate-mediated hypotheses. We compiled largest size dataset to date, encompassing 16 017 (> 5% known) angiosperm species, analyzed using a comprehensive geographic angiosperms. observed that angiosperms with range sizes generally had small genomes, supporting constraint hypothesis. Climate was shown exert strong influence on along latitudinal gradient, while frequency polyploidy type growth form negligible effects. In contrast unimodal patterns gradient by plant traits polyploid proportions, increase from equator 40-50°N/S is probably mediated different (mostly climatic) mechanisms than decrease 40 50°N northward. Our analysis suggests mainly shaped climatically purifying selection, genetic drift, relaxed environmental filtering.

Language: Английский

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How and why species are rare: towards an understanding of the ecological causes of rarity

Ecography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(2)

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

The three‐dimensional rarity typology proposed by Rabinowitz in 1981, based on geographic range, habitat specificity, and local abundance, is among the most widely used frameworks for describing ecological conservation research. While this framework descriptive not meant to explain causes of rarity, recent advances ecology may be leveraged add explanatory power. Here we present a macroecological exploration its underlying causes. We propose modification Rabinowitz's better distinguish between dimensions processes that drive them, explore implications our modified framework. occupancy (the proportion occupied sites within species' range) as axis, recast specificity cause thus yielding classification range size, occupancy, abundance. Under framework, specialists are no longer considered rare if they widespread abundant; argue more accurately identifies truly species, common their abundant. Finally, draw theoretical literature identify key associated traits each axis. In respect, four (environmental filtering, movement, demography interactions), hypothesise size primarily driven environmental filtering whereas abundance strongly influenced interactions. further use theory concerns with measures suitable conserving different types species. Our work provide basis developing hypotheses about particular focal taxa or groups, inform development targeted strategies.

Language: Английский

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What Do We Really Know About Adaptation at Range Edges?

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 51(1), P. 341 - 361

Published: Nov. 2, 2020

Recent theory and empirical evidence have provided new insights regarding how evolutionary forces interact to shape adaptation at stable transient range margins. Predictions trait divergence leading edges are frequently supported. However, declines in fitness beyond show that has sometimes been insufficient maintain high fitness, so identifying constraints remains a key challenge. Indirect suggests expansion may be limited by adaptive genetic variation, but direct estimates of still scarce. Sequence data suggest increased load edge populations several systems, its causes consequences usually poorly understood. The balance between maladaptive positive effects gene flow on deserves further study. It is becoming increasingly clear characterizations about degree based solely geographical peripherality unsupported.

Language: Английский

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Environmental drivers of plant distributions at global and regional scales

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 697 - 709

Published: Jan. 16, 2021

Abstract Aim How environmental factors drive plant distribution across the globe is one of most fundamental questions in ecology. Nevertheless, relative importance different driving distributions spatial scales and among groups not clear. This study aims to disentangle how plant–environment relationships vary with latitude taxa. Location Global. Time period Present day. Main taxa Plant including angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes bryophytes. Methods We obtained global occurrence data mass (625 families, 6,221 genera, 54,101 species) from Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database. used random forest method quantify effects 15 (including climate, soil topography) on at regional (divided into zones). also phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) models investigate between variables geographical range size, latitudinal limits plants scale. Results Our analyses revealed primacy climatic variability (temperature seasonality isothermality) The contributions temperature isothermality peaked tropical areas, whereas solar radiation annual mean had stronger influence high‐latitude areas. Wide‐range tended occur areas higher (isothermality seasonality) flatter terrain (low slope). Both climate extreme influenced plants. conclusions highlights significance for distributions. Environmental upon latitudes. findings imply that affecting change scales, suggesting ecological processes should be integrated explain multi‐scale patterns.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the relationship between dispersal and range size

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 2303 - 2323

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Abstract The drivers of variability in species range sizes remain an outstanding enigma ecology. theoretical expectation a positive dispersal‐range size relationship has received mixed empirical support, despite dispersal being one the most prominent hypothesised predictors size. Here, we synthesised results from 86 studies examining for plants and animals marine, terrestrial freshwater realms. Overall, our meta‐analysis showed that positively affects size, but its effect is dependent on clade proxy studied. Moreover, potential differences habitat connectivity, did not find realm relationship. Finally, strength was latitude, metric taxonomic breadth study clade. Our synthesis emphasizes importance developing mechanistic understanding trait to relationship, considering complexity departure, transfer settlement, as well evolutionary components such time expansion, speciation past geological–environmental dynamics. We, therefore, call more integrative view process causal with

Language: Английский

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Regional occupancy increases for widespread species but decreases for narrowly distributed species in metacommunity time series

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 16, 2023

While human activities are known to elicit rapid turnover in species composition through time, the properties of that increase or decrease their spatial occupancy underlying this less clear. Here, we used an extensive dataset 238 metacommunity time series multiple taxa spread across globe evaluate whether more widespread (large-ranged species) differed how they changed site over 10-90 years metacommunities were monitored relative narrowly distributed (small-ranged species). We found on average, large-ranged tended whereas small-ranged decrease. These relationships stronger marine than terrestrial and freshwater realms. However, regions, directional changes extreme protected areas. Our findings provide evidence for systematic decreases species, habitat protection could mitigate these losses face environmental change.

Language: Английский

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Climatic stability and geological history shape global centers of neo- and paleoendemism in seed plants

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(30)

Published: July 17, 2023

Assessing the distribution of geographically restricted and evolutionarily unique species their underlying drivers is key to understanding biogeographical processes critical for global conservation prioritization. Here, we quantified geographic phylogenetic endemism ~320,000 seed plants worldwide identified centers young (neoendemism) old (paleoendemism). Tropical subtropical islands as well tropical mountain regions displayed world's highest endemism. Most rainforest emerged paleoendemism, while most Mediterranean-climate showed high neoendemism. Centers where neo- paleoendemism coincide on some oceanic continental fragment islands, in parts Irano-Turanian floristic region. Global variation was explained by a combination past present environmental factors (79.8 87.7% variance explained) strongly related heterogeneity. Also, warm wet climates, isolation, long-term climatic stability Neo- were jointly geological history. Long-term promoted persistence paleoendemics, isolation histories Mountainous both reflecting diversification over time. Our study provides insights into evolutionary underpinnings patterns identifies areas Earth with uniqueness-key information setting priorities.

Language: Английский

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Geographic and Biological Drivers Shape Anthropogenic Extinctions in the Macaronesian Vascular Flora

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Whether species extinctions have accelerated during the Anthropocene and extent to which certain are more susceptible extinction due their ecological preferences intrinsic biological traits among most pressing questions in conservation biology. Assessing rates is, however, challenging, as best exemplified by phenomenon of ‘ dark ’: loss that disappear before they even formally described. These issues particularly problematic oceanic islands, where exhibit high endemism unique but also vulnerable extinction. Here, we document plant since Linnaeus' Species Plantarum Macaronesia, a biogeographic region comprised five hyperdiverse archipelagos, identify key drivers behind these extinctions. We compiled 168 records covering 126 taxa, identifying 13 global 155 local events. Significantly higher were observed compared expected background rate. uncovered differentiated patterns along altitudinal gradients, highlighting recent coastal hotspot linked socioeconomic changes Macaronesian archipelagos from 1960s onwards. Key factors influencing include island age, elevation, introduced herbivorous mammals, human population size. Trait‐based analyses across floras Azores Canary Islands revealed endemicity, pollination vertebrates, nitrogen‐fixing capacity, woodiness, zoochory consistently tended increase risk. Our findings emphasize critical role geography traits, alongside anthropogenic impacts, shaping dynamics on islands. Enhancing our knowledge life‐history within is crucial for accurately predicting mitigating future risks, underscoring urgent need comprehensive biodiversity assessments ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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OCBIL theory examined: reassessing evolution, ecology and conservation in the world’s ancient, climatically buffered and infertile landscapes

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 133(2), P. 266 - 296

Published: Dec. 3, 2020

Abstract OCBIL theory was introduced as a contribution towards understanding the evolution, ecology and conservation of biological cultural diversity old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs), especially in Southern Hemisphere. The addresses some most intransigent environmental trends our time – ongoing decline biodiversity First Nations. Here we reflect on OCBILs, origins theory, its principal hypotheses biological, anthropological applications. discovery that threatened plant species are concentrated Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) infertile, phosphorous-impoverished uplands within 500 km coast formed foundational framework for led to development testable growing literature is addressing. Currently, OCBILs recognized 15 Global Biodiversity Hotspots eight other regions. SWAFR, Greater Cape South Africa America’s campos rupestres (montane grasslands) those regions have comprehensively been investigated context theory. We summarize 12 evolutionary, ecological ten conservation-management being recent contributions literature.

Language: Английский

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Power and Efficiency in Living Systems

Sci, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 28 - 28

Published: May 6, 2024

Energy transformation powers change in the universe. In physical systems, maximal power (rate of energy input or output) may occur only at submaximal efficiency (output/input), conversely, power. My review and living systems various levels biological organization reveals that (1) trade-offs (negative correlations) between efficiency, as expected chiefly for resource-supply systems; (2) synergy (positive occurs resource use which result from (a) increasing allocation to production versus maintenance rate increases (b) natural selection eliminating organisms exceed a limit because deleterious speed-related effects; (3) productive indicates species-wide ‘fitness’, whereas acquisition local ‘adaptiveness’, viewed along body size spectrum within clades related species; (4) covariation across space time many scales; (5) energetic power/efficiency relates rates efficiencies/effectiveness nutrient/water uptake/use, functional performance activities, information acquisition/processing; (6) approach has useful theoretical practical applications deserving more study.

Language: Английский

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