The Lichens’ Microbiota, Still a Mystery?

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 30, 2021

Lichens represent self-supporting symbioses, which occur in a wide range of terrestrial habitats and contribute significantly to mineral cycling energy flow at global scale. usually grow much slower than higher plants. Nevertheless, lichens can substantially biomass production. This review focuses on the lichen symbiosis general especially model species Lobaria pulmonaria L. Hoffm., is large foliose that occurs worldwide tree trunks undisturbed forests with long ecological continuity. In comparison many other lichens, L . less tolerant desiccation highly sensitive air pollution. The name-giving mycobiont (belonging Ascomycota), provides protective layer covering green-algal photobiont ( Dictyochloropsis reticulata ) interspersed cyanobacterial cell clusters Nostoc spec.). Recently performed metaproteome analyses confirm partition functions partnerships. ample functional diversity contrasts predominant function production (and secretion) energy-rich carbohydrates, cyanobiont’s contribution by nitrogen fixation. addition, high throughput state-of-the-art metagenomics community fingerprinting, metatranscriptomics, MS-based metaproteomics identify bacterial present as surprisingly abundant structurally integrated element symbiosis. Comparative from different sampling sites suggest presence relatively stable core microbiome site-specific portion microbiome. Moreover, these studies indicate how microbiota may symbiotic system, improve its health, growth fitness.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary biology of lichen symbioses

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 234(5), P. 1566 - 1582

Published: March 18, 2022

Lichens are the symbiotic outcomes of open, interspecies relationships, central to which a fungus and phototroph, typically an alga and/or cyanobacterium. The evolutionary processes that led global success lichens poorly understood. In this review, we explore goods services exchange between phototroph how propelled both symbiont symbiosis. Lichen fungal symbionts count among only filamentous fungi expose most their mycelium aerial environment. Phototrophs export carbohydrates fungus, converts them specific polyols. Experimental evidence suggests polyols not growth respiratory substrates but also play role in anhydrobiosis, capacity survive desiccation. We propose dual functionality is pivotal evolution symbionts, enabling persistence environments otherwise hostile while simultaneously imposing costs on growth. Phototrophs, turn, benefit from protection herbivory light stress, appearing exert leverage over sex morphogenesis. Combined with recently recognized habit occur multiple symbioses, creates conditions for multiplayer marketplace rewards penalties could drive selection lichen diversification.

Language: Английский

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Species diversity of Basidiomycota

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 114(1), P. 281 - 325

Published: Jan. 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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Fungal biodeterioration and preservation of cultural heritage, artwork, and historical artifacts: extremophily and adaptation

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 88(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

SUMMARYFungi are ubiquitous and important biosphere inhabitants, their abilities to decompose, degrade, otherwise transform a massive range of organic inorganic substances, including plant matter, rocks, minerals, underpin major significance as biodeteriogens in the built environment cultural heritage. Fungi often most obvious agents heritage biodeterioration with effects ranging from discoloration, staining, biofouling destruction building components, historical artifacts, artwork. Sporulation, morphological adaptations, explorative penetrative lifestyle filamentous fungi enable efficient dispersal colonization solid substrates, while many species able withstand environmental stress factors such desiccation, ultra-violet radiation, salinity, potentially toxic substances. Many can grow under nutrient-limited conditions, produce resistant cell forms that survive through long periods adverse conditions. The fungal chemoorganotrophic metabolism therefore adaptation success frequently encountered extremophilic conditions associated indoor outdoor Apart free-living fungi, lichens growth form pioneer colonizers materials, especially stone- mineral-based components. This article surveys roles heritage, reference mechanisms involved relation substances encountered, well methods by which be assessed combated, how certain processes may utilized bioprotection.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenomics, divergence times and notes of orders in Basidiomycota

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 126(1), P. 127 - 406

Published: July 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Dryland microbiomes reveal community adaptations to desertification and climate change

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Drylands account for 45% of the Earth’s land area, supporting ~40% global population. These regions support some most extreme environments on Earth, characterized by temperatures, low and variable rainfall, soil fertility. In these biomes, microorganisms provide vital ecosystem services have evolved distinctive adaptation strategies to endure flourish in extreme. However, dryland microbiomes they are under threat due intensifying desertification climate change. this review, we a synthesis our current understanding microbial life drylands, emphasizing remarkable diversity adaptations communities. We then discuss anthropogenic threats, including influence change outline knowledge gaps. Finally, propose research priorities address those gaps safeguard sustainability fragile biomes.

Language: Английский

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Compartmentalization drives the evolution of symbiotic cooperation

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 375(1808), P. 20190602 - 20190602

Published: Aug. 9, 2020

Across the tree of life, hosts have evolved mechanisms to control and mediate interactions with symbiotic partners. We suggest that evolution physical structures allow spatially separate symbionts, termed compartmentalization, is a common mechanism used by hosts. Such compartmentalization allows to: (i) isolate symbionts their reproduction; (ii) reward cooperative punish or stop non-cooperative symbionts; (iii) reduce direct conflict among different strains in single host. Compartmentalization has allowed increase benefits they obtain from partners across diversity interactions, including legumes rhizobia, plants fungi, squid Vibrio , insects nutrient provisioning bacteria, insects, human microbiome. In cases where not evolved, we ask why not. argue when interact competitive hierarchy, engage partnerships which are less costly, likely evolve. conclude key understanding cooperation. This article part theme issue ‘The role microbiome host evolution’.

Language: Английский

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Species in lichen-forming fungi: balancing between conceptual and practical considerations, and between phenotype and phylogenomics

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(1), P. 99 - 154

Published: July 1, 2021

Abstract Lichens are symbiotic associations resulting from interactions among fungi (primary and secondary mycobionts), algae and/or cyanobacteria photobionts), specific elements of the bacterial microbiome associated with lichen thallus. The question what is a species, both concerning as whole its main fungal component, primary mycobiont, has faced many challenges throughout history reached new dimensions advent molecular phylogenetics phylogenomics. In this paper, we briefly revise definition lichens scientific vernacular naming conventions, concluding that scientific, Latinized name usually invariably refers to whereas encompasses entire lichen. Although same mycobiont may produce different phenotypes when associating photobionts or growing in axenic culture, discrete variation does not warrant application names, but must follow principle "one fungus = one name". Instead, broadly agreed informal designations should be used for such morphologies, chloromorph cyanomorph formed by either green cyanobacteria. taxonomic recognition species lichen-forming other conceptual nomenclatural approaches principles. We identify number current provide recommendations address these. Species delimitation tailored particular concepts instead derived empirical evidence, applying several following principles call LPR approach: lineage (L) coherence vs. divergence (phylogenetic component), phenotype (P) (morphological reproductive (R) compatibility isolation (biological component). hypotheses can established based on L P, then using P (plus R) corroborate them. reliability depends only nature characters also context: closer relationship similarity between higher specimens analyzed reliable delimitations. Alpha taxonomy evidence an evolutionary framework offer alternative practical solutions, long these scientifically defendable. Taxa delimited phylogenetically readily identifiable field, genuinely cryptic, rejected due inaccessibility proper tools. they provisionally treated undifferentiated complexes purposes do require precise determinations. infraspecific (gamma) restricted cases where there biological rationale, i.e . , lineages complex show limited phylogenetic no isolation. Gamma denote phenotypical ecotypes warranting distinction at level. pair concept fungi, which recognizes sexually asexually reproducing morphs underlying species. conclude most hold, actual situation necessarily correlated strategy. data available single multi-marker resolution, recommend maintaining pairs until phylogenomic available. This recommendation example Usnea aurantiacoatra U. antarctica resolved approaches, microsatellites RADseq. Overall, consider advanced dramatically over past three decades, solid framework, still missing taxa. Therefore, while focusing examples will increasingly employed resolve difficult complexes, broad screening barcoding markers aid placing taxa possible into matrix. protocol how assess formally treat novelties. While paper focuses aspects discussed herein apply generally taxonomy. combination Arthonia minor (Lücking) Lücking comb. et stat. nov. (Bas.: cyanea f. Lücking) proposed.

Language: Английский

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Trends in yeast diversity discovery

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 114(1), P. 491 - 537

Published: Dec. 3, 2021

Abstract Yeasts, usually defined as unicellular fungi, occur in various fungal lineages. Hence, they are not a taxonomic unit, but rather represent lifestyle shared by several unrelated Although the discovery of new yeast species occurs at an increasing speed, current rate it will likely take hundreds years, if ever, before all be documented. Many parts earth, including many threatened habitats, remain unsampled for yeasts and others only superficially studied. Cold such glaciers, home to specific community cold-adapted yeasts, and, hence, there is some urgency study environments locations where might disappear soon due anthropogenic climate change. The same true communities natural forests that impacted deforestation forest conversion. countries so-called Global South have been sampled despite their economic promise. However, extensive research activity Asia, especially China, has yielded novelties. Comparative genomics studies demonstrated presence with hybrid origin, them isolated from clinical or industrial environments. DNA-metabarcoding prevalence, cases dominance, soils marine waters worldwide, surprising distributions, unexpected common Malassezia habitats.

Language: Английский

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Freshwater fungal numbers

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 114(1), P. 3 - 235

Published: May 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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