Mycorrhizal symbiosis pathway and edaphic fertility frame root economics space among tree species

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 234(5), P. 1639 - 1653

Published: March 4, 2022

Summary The root economics space (RES) is multidimensional and largely shaped by belowground biotic abiotic influences. However, how root–fungal symbioses edaphic fertility drive this complexity remains unclear. Here, we measured absorptive traits of 112 tree species in temperate subtropical forests China, including linked to functional differences between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) ectomycorrhizal (ECM) hosts. Our data, from known species, revealed a ‘fungal‐symbiosis’ dimension distinguishing AM ECM species. This divergence likely resulted the contrasting evolutionary development vs associations. Increased tissue cortical facilitates symbiosis, whereas increased branching favours symbiosis. Irrespective type, ‘root‐lifespan’ reflecting aspects construction cost defence was controlled variation specific length density, which fully independent nitrogen content. Within function‐based RES, observed substantial covariation axes with soil phosphorus nitrate levels, highlighting role played these two nutrient acquisition conservation. Overall, our findings demonstrate importance evolved symbiosis pathway framing provide theoretical mechanistic insights into economics.

Language: Английский

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Roots’ Drought Adaptive Traits in Crop Improvement

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(17), P. 2256 - 2256

Published: Aug. 30, 2022

Drought is one of the biggest concerns in agriculture due to projected reduction global freshwater supply with a concurrent increase food demand. Roots can significantly contribute improving drought adaptation and productivity. Plants water uptake by adjusting root architecture cooperating symbiotic soil microbes. Thus, emphasis has been given architectural responses root–microbe relationships drought-resilient crop development. However, are continuous complex processes involve additional traits interactions among themselves. This review comprehensively compiles discusses several these such as structural, physiological, molecular, hydraulic, anatomical, plasticity, which important consider together, changes, when developing resilient varieties. In addition, it describes significance contribution structure holding capacity its implication on long-term resilience drought. various adaptive ideotypes monocot dicot crops compared proposed for agroclimatic conditions. Overall, this provides broader perspective understanding molecular regulators, considerations simultaneously integrating multiple tolerance improvement, under specific growing environments.

Language: Английский

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Overyielding is accounted for partly by plasticity and dissimilarity of crop root traits in maize/legume intercropping systems

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(9), P. 2163 - 2175

Published: June 16, 2022

Abstract Positive biodiversity–productivity relationships have been found in biodiversity field experiments of grasslands, forests and natural terrestrial ecosystems, where diversity effects were separated by complementarity (CE) selection (SE). However, we know little about how CE SE are related to root traits dissimilarity. A 4‐year experiment was carried out with a split‐plot design, main plot four nitrogen (N) applications (N0, N1, N2 N3) five cropping systems (maize Zea mays L./soybean Glycine max L. Merrill., maize/peanut Arachis hypogaea intercropped the corresponding monocultures) three replicates. Roots sampled N0 treatments 2 years. Intercropping analysed based on grain yield for 4 years roots down 60 cm depth, morphological parameters at different crop growth stages significantly increased above‐ground biomass both intercropping under all N treatments. The partitioning net showed that advantage due positive treatment, application. Maize greater plasticity than legumes did, changes length density (RLD), weight (RWD) total surface (TS) monoculture. Intercropped maize occupied larger soil space, while lateral RLD distribution decreased maize. RLD, RWD TS constant or later stages. relationship Principal component analysis mean depth specific drove absence fertilization. Root dissimilarity determined explained overyielding. Complementarity closely associated such as length. Linking helps understand advantages diverse agroecosystem. In general, cereal species strong phenotypic legume physiological can maximize intercropping. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Relationships between above‐ground plant traits and carbon cycling in tundra plant communities

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 110(3), P. 700 - 716

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Abstract The trait composition and diversity of plant communities are globally applicable predictors ecosystem functioning. Yet, it is unclear how traits influence carbon cycling. This an important question in the tundra where vegetation shifts occurring across entire biome, soil organic stocks large vulnerable to environmental change. To study affect cycling tundra, we built a model that explained (above‐ground stocks, photosynthetic respiratory fluxes) with abiotic conditions (air temperature moisture), averages within‐community variabilities three above‐ground traits: height, leaf dry matter content (LDMC) SLA. These functional parameters were represented by abundance‐weighted means standard deviations species traits. data collected from observational setting northern Finland. explanatory power models was relatively high, but part variation remained unexplained. Average height strongest predictor all variables except stocks. Communities larger plants associated CO 2 fluxes fast economics (i.e. high SLA low LDMC) had higher photosynthesis, respiration Within‐community variability LDMC affected functions differently. Variability increased while stock. contributions metrics functioning within area about as those average LDMC. Synthesis . Plant have clear effects on importance highlights potentially mechanism controlling vast pools should be better recognized. More research root decomposer needed understand below‐ground mechanisms regulating tundra.

Language: Английский

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Understanding role of roots in plant response to drought: Way forward to climate‐resilient crops

The Plant Genome, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Abstract Drought stress leads to a significant amount of agricultural crop loss. Thus, with changing climatic conditions, it is important develop resilience measures in systems against drought stress. Roots play crucial role regulating plant development under In this review, we have summarized the studies on roots and root‐mediated responses. We also discussed importance root system architecture (RSA) various structural anatomical changes that undergoes increase survival productivity drought. Various genes, transcription factors, quantitative trait loci involved growth are discussed. A summarization instruments software can be used for high‐throughput phenotyping field provided review. More comprehensive required help build detailed understanding RSA associated traits breeding drought‐resilient cultivars.

Language: Английский

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The origin of bi-dimensionality in plant root traits

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 78 - 88

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Course of Mechanical Stress: Types, Perception, and Plant Response

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 217 - 217

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

Mechanical stimuli, together with the corresponding plant perception mechanisms and finely tuned thigmomorphogenetic response, has been of scientific practical interest since mid-17th century. As an emerging field, there are many challenges in research mechanical stress. Indeed, studies on different species (annual/perennial) organs (stem/root) using approaches (field, wet lab, silico/computational) have delivered insufficient findings that frequently impede application acquired knowledge. Accordingly, current work distils existing stress knowledge by bringing side-by-side conducted both stem roots. First, various types encountered plants defined. Second, outlined. Finally, strategies employed roots to counteract perceived stresses summarized, depicting morphological, phytohormonal, molecular characteristics. The comprehensive literature perennial (woody) annual was reviewed, considering potential benefits drawbacks two types, which allowed us highlight gaps as areas for future research.

Language: Английский

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Experimental warming altered plant functional traits and their coordination in a permafrost ecosystem

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 240(5), P. 1802 - 1816

Published: July 11, 2023

Knowledge about changes in plant functional traits is valuable for the mechanistic understanding of warming effects on ecosystem functions. However, observations have tended to focus aboveground traits, and there little information belowground or coordination above- under climate warming, particularly permafrost ecosystems. Based a 7-yr field experiment, we measured 26 four dominant species, explored community composition trait networks response experimental Tibetan Plateau. Experimental shifted community-level toward more acquisitive values, with earlier green-up, greater height, larger leaves, higher photosynthetic resource-use efficiency, thinner roots, specific root length nutrient concentrations. had negligible effect terms diversity. In addition, hub which highest centrality network from area leaf area. These results demonstrate that exhibit consistent adaptive strategies, warmer environments. Such could provide an advantage plants environmental change.

Language: Английский

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Increasing root biomass derived carbon input to agricultural soils by genotype selection – a review

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 490(1-2), P. 19 - 30

Published: May 23, 2023

Abstract Background and aims Soil carbon sequestration can play an important role in mitigating climate change. Higher organic C inputs to agricultural soils are needed order increase soil (SOC) stocks. Genotype selection breeding towards increased root biomass may enhance the could therefore be a promising, easy-to-implement management option for potentially increasing sequestration. However, compromise yield, which is not desirable terms of food security. Methods Data from 13 global studies with field experiments were compiled estimate potential optimised genotype enhancing without compromising yield winter wheat, spring silage maize, rapeseed sunflower. A lack data on effect variety rhizodeposition was identified thus had excluded. Results Systematic mean yields by 52% 22% across all crops sites. median 6.7% 6.8% rapeseed, 12.2% 21.6% wheat 26.4% sunflower would possible reduction. Conclusion Overall, this review demonstrates that win-win input while maintaining or even yield.

Language: Английский

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Plant Strategies

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 27, 2023

Abstract Plants have evolved a remarkable array of adaptive solutions to the existential problem survival and reproduction in world where disturbances can be deadly, resources are scarce, competition is cutthroat. inherited phenotypic traits that increased their chance success, these indicators strategies for establishment survival. A plant strategy thought as “how species sustains population” (Westoby, 1998, p. 214) because all successful must positive demographic outcomes habitats which they adapted. This book aims articulate coherent framework studying unifies demography with functional ecology advance prediction ecology. Central this traits: heritable morphological, physiological, phenological attributes plants influence therefore drive fitness differences among species.

Language: Английский

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