Vertical farming goes dynamic: optimizing resource use efficiency, product quality, and energy costs

Frontiers in Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Vertical farming is considered to be a key enabler for transforming agrifood systems, especially in or nearby urbanized areas. systems (VFS) are advanced indoor cropping that allow highly intensified and standardized plant production. The close control of environmental parameters makes crop production stable repeatable, ensuring year-round uniform product quality quantity irrespective location. However, due continuous changes physiology development, as well frequent electricity prices, the optimum conditions its associated costs can change within days even minutes. This it beneficial dynamically adjust setpoints light (intensity, spectrum, pattern, daylength), CO 2 , temperature, humidity, air flow, water nutrient availability. In this review, we highlight effects dynamic growth have on processes, including improvements photosynthetic gas exchange, transpiration, organ growth, interception, flowering, quality. Our novel findings based modeling experimentation demonstrate daily intensity pattern responds prices save without reducing biomass. Further, argue smart, VFS climate management requires feedback mechanisms: several mobile immobile sensors could work combination continuously monitor crop, generating data feeds into models, which, turn, generate setpoints. addition, posit breeding environment at very early stage traits specialized environment. We envision loop between management, monitoring, trait selection genotypes these conditions.

Language: Английский

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Improving crop yield potential: Underlying biological processes and future prospects

Food and Energy Security, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Dec. 2, 2022

The growing world population and global increases in the standard of living both result an increasing demand for food, feed other plant-derived products. In coming years, plant-based research will be among major drivers ensuring food security expansion bio-based economy. Crop productivity is determined by several factors, including available physical agricultural resources, crop management, resource use efficiency, quality intrinsic yield potential chosen crop. This review focuses on potential, since understanding its determinants their biological basis allow to maximize plant's energy production. Yield a variety complex traits that integrate strictly regulated processes underlying gene regulatory networks. Due this inherent complexity, numerous targets have been identified could exploited increase yield. These encompass diverse metabolic at cellular, organ canopy level. We present overview some distinct considered crucial determination further improve future productivity.

Language: Английский

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Drought impacts on tree carbon sequestration and water use – evidence from intra‐annual tree‐ring characteristics

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 236(1), P. 58 - 70

Published: May 16, 2022

Summary The impact of climate extremes on forest ecosystems is poorly understood but important for predicting carbon and water cycle feedbacks to climate. Some knowledge gaps still remain regarding how drought‐related adjustments in intra‐annual tree‐ring characteristics directly tree use. In this study we quantified the an extreme summer drought water‐use efficiency sequestration four mature Norway spruce trees. We used detailed observations wood formation (xylogenesis) properties (quantitative anatomy stable isotopes) combined with physiological water‐stress monitoring. During 41 d deficit, observed enrichment 13 C a reduction cell enlargement wall‐thickening processes, which impacted anatomical characteristics. These diminished by 67% despite 11% increase during drought. However, resumption positive hydric state stem, fast recovery rates based accumulated assimilates produced Our findings enhance our understanding fluxes between atmosphere ecosystems, providing observational evidence dynamics improve future generations vegetation models.

Language: Английский

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Higher vegetation sensitivity to meteorological drought in autumn than spring across European biomes

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

Abstract Europe has experienced severe drought events in recent decades, posing challenges to understand vegetation responses due diverse distribution, varying growth stages, different characteristics, and concurrent hydroclimatic factors. To analyze response meteorological drought, we employed multiple indicators across European biomes. Our findings reveal that sensitivity increases as the canopy develops throughout year, with sensitivities from −0.01 spring 0.28 autumn drought-susceptible areas 18.5 57.8% Europe. Soil water shortage exacerbates vegetation-drought temporally, while its spatial impact is limited. Vegetation-drought strongly correlates vapor pressure deficit partially atmospheric CO 2 concentration. These results highlight spatiotemporal variations influence of The enhance our understanding factors, providing valuable sub-seasonal information for management preparedness.

Language: Английский

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Challenges for the Sustainable Management of the Boreal Forest Under Climate Change

Advances in global change research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 773 - 837

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract The increasing effects of climate and global change oblige ecosystem-based management to adapt forestry practices deal with uncertainties. Here we provide an overview identify the challenges facing boreal forest under projected future change, including altered natural disturbance regimes, biodiversity loss, increased fragmentation, rapid loss old-growth forests, need develop novel silvicultural approaches. We specifically address subjects previously lacking from framework, e.g., Indigenous communities, social concerns, ecological restoration, impacts on aquatic ecosystems. conclude by providing recommendations for ensuring successful long-term biome change.

Language: Английский

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Integrating multiple plant functional traits to predict ecosystem productivity

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 3, 2023

Abstract Quantifying and predicting variation in gross primary productivity (GPP) is important for accurate assessment of the ecosystem carbon budget under global change. Scaling traits to community scales functions (i.e., GPP) remain challenging, while it promising well appreciated with rapid development trait-based ecology. In this study, we aim integrate multiple plant recently developed (TBP) theory, verify via Bayesian structural equation modeling (SEM) complementary independent effect analysis. We further distinguish relative importance different explaining GPP. apply TBP theory based on a multi-trait dataset containing more than 13,000 measurements approximately 2,500 species Chinese forest grassland systems. Remarkably, our SEM accurately predicts annual monthly GPP across China (R 2 values 0.87 0.73, respectively). Plant play key role. This study shows that integrating functional into strengthens quantification variability advances understanding trait-productivity relationship. Our findings facilitate integration growing trait data future ecological models.

Language: Английский

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A plant’s perception of growth-promoting bacteria and their metabolites

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Many recent studies have highlighted the importance of plant growth-promoting (rhizo)bacteria (PGPR) in supporting plant’s development, particularly under biotic and abiotic stress. Most focus on traits selected strains latter’s effect biomass, root architecture, leaf area, specific metabolite accumulation. Regarding energy balance, growth is outcome an input (photosynthesis) several outputs (i.e., respiration, exudation, shedding, herbivory), frequently neglected classical PGPR-plant interaction. Here, we discuss primary evidence underlying modifications triggered by PGPR their metabolites ecophysiology. We propose to detect PGPR-induced variations photosynthetic activity using gas exchange recommend setting up correct timing for monitoring responses according objectives experiment. This research identifies challenges tries provide future directions scientists working interactions exploit potential microorganisms’ application improving value.

Language: Английский

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Use of Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS)-Based Crop Features to Perform Growth Analysis of Energy Cane Genotypes

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 654 - 654

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Plant growth analysis provides insight regarding the variation behind yield differences in tested genotypes for plant breeders, but adopting this application solely traditional phenotyping remains challenging. Here, we propose a procedure of using uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) to obtain successive phenotype data analysis. The objectives study were high-temporal UAS-based and investigate correlation between biomass yield. Seven different energy cane grown random complete block design with four replications. Twenty-six UAS flight missions flown throughout growing season, canopy cover (CC) height (CH) measurements extracted. A five-parameter logistic (5PL) function was fitted through these temporal CC CH. first- second-order derivatives calculated several parameters, which then used assess respect weed competitiveness traits. results show that CH rates significantly differed among genotypes. TH16-16 outstanding its ground growth; therefore, it identified as weed-competitive genotype. Furthermore, TH16-22 had higher maximum rate per day, yielding compared other CH-based multi-temporal well parameters better relationship This highlights high-throughput (HTP), along analysis, assisting breeders decision-making.

Language: Английский

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On the pivotal role of water potential to model plant physiological processes

in silico Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Abstract Water potential explains water transport in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum (SPAC), and is gaining interest as connecting variable between ‘pedo-, bio- atmosphere’. It primarily used to simulate hydraulics SPAC, thus essential for studying drought effects. Recent implementations of large-scale terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) improved their performance under water-limited conditions, while hydraulic features recent detailed functional–structural plant (FSPMs) open new possibilities dissecting complex traits tolerance. These developments across scales deserve a critical appraisal evaluate its wider use FSPMs, but also crop systems (CSMs), where are currently still absent. After refreshing physical basis, we first address describing along transpiration pathway from soil leaves, through roots, xylem leaf mesophyll. Then, highlight three ecophysiological processes, which have well-recognized links potential: phloem transport, stomatal conductance organ growth. We identify bridge soil, root shoot models, physiological integrating below- above-ground abiotic drivers, link status Models making these connections enable identifying crucial ecosystem resilience breeding towards tolerance crops. Including often increases model complexity, requires experimental data on hydraulics. Nevertheless, modelling insightful at different (FSPMs, CSMs TBMs).

Language: Английский

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Optimizing growth conditions in vertical farming: enhancing lettuce and basil cultivation through the application of the Taguchi method

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: April 25, 2023

Abstract This paper reports on the findings of an experimental study that investigated impact various environmental factors growth lettuce and basil plants in vertical farms. The employed Taguchi method, a statistical design experiments approach, to efficiently identify optimal conditions for these crops hyper-controlled environment. By reducing time cost designing running experiments, this method allowed simultaneous investigation multiple affect plant growth. A total 27 treatments were selected using signal noise ratio was calculated predict levels each condition maximizing parameters. results showed most parameters, except EC relative humidity certain interrelated with other. To validate results, confirmation tests conducted based predicted low error between expected values (1–3%) confirmed effectiveness approach determining

Language: Английский

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