Rooting Out the Mechanisms of Root-Knot Nematode–Plant Interactions

Annual Review of Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 60(1), P. 43 - 76

Published: March 22, 2022

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) engage in complex parasitic interactions with many different host plants around the world, initiating elaborate feeding sites and disrupting root architecture. Although RKNs have been focus of research for decades, new molecular tools provided useful insights into biological mechanisms these pests use to infect manipulate their hosts. From identifying defense underlying resistance characterizing nematode effectors that alter cellular functions, past decade has significantly expanded our understanding RKN-plant interactions, increasing number quality parasite genomes promises enhance future efforts RKNs. In this review, we highlighted recent discoveries, summarized current within field, links resources researchers. Our goal is offer support study interactions.

Language: Английский

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Reactive Oxygen Species: A Crosslink between Plant and Human Eukaryotic Cell Systems

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(17), P. 13052 - 13052

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important regulating factors that play a dual role in plant and human cells. As the first messenger response organisms, ROS coordinate signals growth, development, metabolic activity pathways. They also can act as an alarm mechanism, triggering cellular responses to harmful stimuli. However, excess cause oxidative stress-related damage oxidize organic substances, leading malfunctions. This review summarizes current research status mechanisms of eukaryotic cells, highlighting differences similarities between two elucidating their interactions with other reactive substances ROS. Based on similar regulatory pathways kingdoms, this proposes future developments provide opportunities develop novel strategies for treating diseases or creating greater agricultural value.

Language: Английский

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Current Trends and Future Prospects in Controlling the Citrus Nematode: Tylenchulus semipenetrans

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 383 - 383

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) is one of the dominant plant-parasitic nematodes in citrus-growing regions, resulting an average yield loss between 10 and 30%. Tylenchulus semipenetrans a sedentary semi-endoparasitic that infects roots citrus trees, causing stunted growth, reduced fruit yield, poor quality; collectively this pathology thus disease caused referred to as slow decline citrus. Despite its huge importance, regarded neglected parasite, most research focuses on biological control integrated pest management. Advancements understanding molecular mechanisms other nematodes, such endoparasites with similarities can be leveraged gain deeper insights into nematodes. In review, we examine biology, management explore future directions toward role genomics, gene-editing tools, host-seeking effectors used by cause infection, which serve foundation for work

Language: Английский

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Effectors of Root-Knot Nematodes: An Arsenal for Successful Parasitism

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 22, 2021

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are notorious plant-parasitic first recorded in 1855 cucumber plants. They microscopic, obligate endoparasites that cause severe losses agriculture and horticulture. evade plant immunity, hijack the cell cycle, metabolism to modify healthy cells into giant (GCs) – RKN feeding sites. RKNs secrete various effector molecules which suppress defence tamper with cellular molecular biology. These effectors originate mainly from sub-ventral dorsal oesophageal glands. Recently, a few non-oesophageal gland secreted have been discovered. Effectors essential for entry of plants, subsequently formation maintenance GCs during parasitism. In past two decades, advanced genomic post-genomic techniques identified many effectors, out only well characterized. this review, we provide functional details We list known pinpoint their functions. Moreover, attempt comprehensive insight concerning implications on overall nematode Since primary prime weapons invade plant, it is imperative understand intriguing complex functions design counter-strategies against infection.

Language: Английский

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Redox signalling in plant–nematode interactions: Insights into molecular crosstalk and defense mechanisms

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(8), P. 2811 - 2820

Published: April 28, 2024

Abstract Plant–parasitic nematodes, specifically cyst nematodes (CNs) and root‐knot (RKNs), pose significant threats to global agriculture, leading substantial crop losses. Both CNs RKNs induce permanent feeding sites in the root of their host plants, which then serve as only source nutrients throughout lifecycle. Plants deploy reactive oxygen species (ROS) a primary defense mechanism against nematode invasion. Notably, both have evolved sophisticated strategies manipulate host's redox environment advantage, with each employing distinct tactics combat ROS. In this review, we focused on role ROS its scavenging network interactions between plants RKNs. Overall, review emphasizes complex interplay plant mechanism, signalling survival tactics, suggesting potential avenues for developing innovative management agriculture.

Language: Английский

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A root‐knot nematode effector targets the Arabidopsis cysteine protease RD21A for degradation to suppress plant defense and promote parasitism

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 118(5), P. 1500 - 1515

Published: March 22, 2024

Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most widely distributed plant-parasitic nematodes and causes severe economic losses annually. The parasite produces effector proteins that play essential roles in successful parasitism. Here, we identified such named MiCE108, which exclusively expressed within nematode subventral esophageal gland cells upregulated early parasitic stage M. incognita. A yeast signal sequence trap assay showed MiCE108 contains a functional peptide for secretion. Virus-induced gene silencing impaired parasitism Nicotiana benthamiana. ectopic expression Arabidopsis suppressed deposition callose, generation reactive oxygen species, marker genes bacterial flagellin epitope flg22-triggered immunity, resulting increased susceptibility to incognita, Botrytis cinerea, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. protein physically associates with plant defense protease RD21A promotes its degradation via endosomal-dependent pathway, or 26S proteasome. Consistent this, knockout compromises innate immunity increases broad range pathogens, including strongly indicating role against this nematode. Together, our data suggest deploys target cysteine affect stability, thereby suppressing facilitating

Language: Английский

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Clade V MLO Genes Are Negative Modulators of Cucumber Defence Response to Meloidogyne incognita

Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(4)

Published: March 28, 2025

ABSTRACT Cucumber production is seriously constrained by Meloidogyne incognita . Because no resistance resources to the pathogen have been reported, disabling susceptibility genes may represent a novel breeding strategy introduce against this nematode in cucumber. Here, we studied clade V MLO for their involvement interaction between cucumber and M. Our results showed that Arabidopsis mutants were resistant has three genes, CsaMLO1 , CsaMLO8 CsaMLO11 with upregulated expression upon inoculation Heterologous overexpression of restored varying degrees. Silencing knockout individual reduced The CRISPR produced similar fruits as wild type (WT) did. Although yields two single ( M11 1 2 ) double M8 compared WT, not decreased. In summary, function Among them, be most promising candidate

Language: Английский

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The root-knot nematode effector Mi2G02 hijacks a host plant trihelix transcription factor to promote nematode parasitism

Plant Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 100723 - 100723

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) cause huge agricultural losses every year. They secrete a repertoire of effectors to facilitate parasitism through the induction plant-derived giant feeding cells, which serve as their sole source nutrients. However, mode action these and host targeted proteins remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated role effector Mi2G02 in Meloidogyne incognita parasitism. Host-derived RNA interference Arabidopsis thaliana affects cells development, whereas ectopic expression promotes root growth increases plant susceptibility M. incognita. We used various combinations approaches study specific interactions between A. GT-3a, trihelix transcription factor. GT-3a knockout affected site resulting production fewer egg masses, overexpression increased also growth. Moreover, highlight maintaining protein stabilization by inhibiting 26S proteasome-dependent pathway, leading suppression TOZ RAD23C expression, promoting Thus, work enhances our understanding manipulation regulation factor pathogen interfering proteolysis pathway reprogram genes for nematode development.

Language: Английский

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The Nuclear Effector MiISE23 From Meloidogyne incognita Targets JAZ Proteins and Suppresses Jasmonate Signalling, Increasing Host Susceptibility

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

Meloidogyne incognita is an economically important plant-parasitic nematode that can infect thousands of different plant species. During its interaction with host plants, M. synthesises numerous effectors in oesophageal glands, which are then secreted into tissues. Here, we characterised the effector MiISE23 and found it could suppress immune responses. In situ hybridisation showed was expressed subventral glands. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing were more susceptible to incognita, whereas host-derived RNAi decrease infection Arabidopsis. vitro vivo experiments repressed jasmonate (JA) signalling by directly interacting suppressing jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile)-induced degradation ZIM-domain proteins COI1. The expression JA-responsive genes reduced levels endogenous JA-Ile. AtJAZ6 transgenic lines increased susceptibility infection. Collectively, our results show stabilises JAZ interferes JA signalling, revealing a novel mechanism utilised root-knot nematodes hijack phytohormone promote parasitism.

Language: Английский

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The role of photorespiration in plant immunity

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

To defend themselves in the face of biotic stresses, plants employ a sophisticated immune system that requires coordination other biological and metabolic pathways. Photorespiration, byproduct pathway oxygenic photosynthesis spans multiple cellular compartments links primary metabolisms, plays important roles defense responses. Hydrogen peroxide, whose homeostasis is strongly impacted by photorespiration, crucial signaling molecule plant immunity. Photorespiratory metabolites, interaction between photorespiration hormone biosynthesis, mechanisms, are also implicated. An improved understanding relationship immunity may provide much-needed knowledge basis for crop engineering to maximize without negative tradeoffs immunity, especially because photorespiratory has become major target genetic with goal increase photosynthetic efficiency.

Language: Английский

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