The genomics of linkage drag in inbred lines of sunflower

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(14)

Published: March 27, 2023

Crop wild relatives represent valuable sources of alleles for crop improvement, including adaptation to climate change and emerging diseases. However, introgressions from might have deleterious effects on desirable traits, yield, due linkage drag. Here, we analyzed the genomic phenotypic impacts in inbred lines cultivated sunflower estimate First, generated reference sequences seven one genotype, as well improved assemblies two additional cultivars. Next, relying previously donor species, identified sequences, sequence structural variants they contain. We then used a ridge-regression best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) model test traits association mapping population. found that introgression has introduced substantial variation into gene pool, >3,000 new genes. While reduced genetic load at protein-coding mostly had negative yield quality traits. Introgressions high frequency pool larger than low-frequency introgressions, suggesting former likely were targeted by artificial selection. Also, more distantly related species be maladaptive those progenitor sunflower. Thus, breeding efforts should focus, far possible, closely fully compatible relatives.

Language: Английский

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Whole-genome sequencing of diverse wheat accessions uncovers genetic changes during modern breeding in China and the United States

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(12), P. 4199 - 4216

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Breeding has dramatically changed the plant architecture of wheat (Triticum aestivum), resulting in development high-yielding varieties adapted to modern farming systems. However, how breeding shaped genomic this crop remains poorly understood. Here, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis whole-genome resequencing panel 355 common accessions (representing diverse landraces and cultivars from China United States) at phenotypic levels. The genetic diversity was clearly reduced compared landraces. Consistent with these changes, most phenotypes States were significantly altered. Of 21 agronomic traits investigated, 8 showed convergent changes between 2 countries. Moreover, 207 loci associated traits, more than half overlapped regions that evidence selection. distribution selected Chinese American suggests for increased productivity accomplished by pyramiding both shared region-specific variants. This work provides framework understand adaptation agricultural production environments, as well guidelines optimizing strategies design better varieties.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Home Gardens in Promoting Biodiversity and Food Security

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(13), P. 2473 - 2473

Published: June 28, 2023

Plant genetic resources provide the basis for sustainable agricultural production, adaptation to climate change, and economic development. Many present crop plants are endangered due extreme environmental conditions induced by change or use of a limited selection plant materials. Changing challenge production food security, emphasizing urgent need access wider range than what utilized today, breeding novel varieties capable resilience other challenges. Besides large-scale it is important recognize that home gardens have been an integral component family farming local systems centuries. It remarkable how allowed domestication specific ecological conditions, thus contributing diversification cultivated plants. Home can help in reducing hunger malnutrition improve security. In addition, they opportunities broaden base materials harboring underutilized wild relative species. Crop relatives contain wide diversity not available crops. Although importance conserving well recognized, there risk will be lost if traditional replaced high-yielding modern cultivars. This paper provides overview their role future potential utilizing enhancing nutritional security under global

Language: Английский

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Genetic gains underpinning a little-known strawberry Green Revolution

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 19, 2024

Abstract The annual production of strawberry has increased by one million tonnes in the US and 8.4 worldwide since 1960. Here we show that expansion was driven genetic gains from Green Revolution breeding advances yields 2,755%. Using a California population with century-long history phenotypes hybrids observed coastal environments, estimate fruit 2,974-6,636%, counts 1,454-3,940%, weights 228-504%, firmness 239-769%. genomic prediction approaches, pinpoint origin to early 1950s uncover significant increases additive variation caused transgressive segregation phenotypic diversification. Lastly, most consequential breakthrough introduction photoperiod-insensitive, PERPETUAL FLOWERING 1970s doubled drove dramatic California.

Language: Английский

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Orphan crops of archaeology‐based crop history research

Plants People Planet, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2024

Societal Impact Statement Agrobiodiversity is central to sustainable farming worldwide. Cultivation, conservation and reintroduction of diverse plant species, including ‘forgotten’ ‘underutilized’ crops, contribute global agrobiodiversity, living ecosystems food production. Such efforts benefit from traditional historical knowledge crop plants' evolutionary cultural trajectories. This review a first attempt at systematically gauging species representativeness in studies archaeological remains. Results indicate that, addition discipline‐specific methodological sources bias, modern agricultural biases may replicate themselves history research influence understandings ‘forgotten crops’. Recognizing these an initial stride towards rectifying them promoting agrobiodiversity both practical applications. Summary So‐called or ‘orphan’ crops are important component strategies aimed preserving biodiversity. Knowledge cultivation, usage, geographic trajectories plants, that is, research, for the long‐term success such efforts. However, chosen study present hurdles. attempts identify patterns within archaeology‐based research. A meta‐analysis synthesis archaeobotanical evidence (and lack thereof) presented 268 known have been cultivated prior 1492 CE Mediterranean region South Asia. We identified 39 genera with plants this geographical context currently absent its record, constituting archaeobotany. In addition, worldwide studied using geometric morphometric, archaeogenetic stable isotope analyses remains presented, represented disciplines discussed. Both disciplinary economic agenda‐based affecting apparent. also highlights limited diffusion most potential deeper perspectives on how become marginalized ‘forgotten’.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing the productivity and resilience of rice (Oryza sativa) under environmental stress conditions using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology

Functional Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 52(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Rice (Oryza sativa ) is a crucial staple crop worldwide, providing nutrition to more than half of the global population. Nonetheless, sustainability grain production increasingly jeopardized by both biotic and abiotic stressors exacerbated climate change, which increases crop's rvulnerability pests diseases. Genome-editing clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR-associated Protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) presents potential solution for enhancing rice productivity resilience under climatic stress. This technology can alter plant's genetic components without introduction foreign DNA or genes. It has become one most extensively used approaches discovering new gene functions creating novel varieties that exhibit higher tolerance stresses, herbicide resistance, improved yield production. study examines numerous CRISPR-Cas9-based genome-editing techniques knockout, knock-in, multiplexing simultaneous disruption multiple genes, base-editing, prime-editing. review elucidates application technologies enhance directly targeting yield-related genes indirectly modulating stress-responsive We highlight need integrate advancements with conventional advanced agricultural methods create are resilient thereby safeguarding food security promoting amid concerns.

Language: Английский

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Geography and geographical knowledge contribute decisively to all Sustainable Development Goals targets

Geography and sustainability, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100267 - 100267

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Climate change threatens crop diversity at low latitudes

Nature Food, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 4, 2025

Climate change alters the climatic suitability of croplands, likely shifting spatial distribution and diversity global food crop production. Analyses future potential have been limited to a small number crops. Here we project geographical shifts in niches 30 major crops under 1.5-4 °C warming assess their impact on current production across croplands. We found that low-latitude regions, 10-31% would shift outside niche even 2 warming, increasing 20-48% 3 warming. Concurrently, decline 52% (+2 °C) 56% (+3 cropland. However, increase mid high latitudes, offering opportunities for climate adaptation. These results highlight substantial latitudinal differences adaptation vulnerability system

Language: Английский

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Fruit and vegetable biodiversity for nutritionally diverse diets: Challenges, opportunities, and knowledge gaps

Global Food Security, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33, P. 100618 - 100618

Published: April 12, 2022

Planetary health brings together intrinsically linked issues of human and natural systems. This paper reviews evidence how agrobiodiversity underpins dietary diversity for current populations in the context fruits vegetables, ways to maintain improve these future generations. Both conservation sustainable use fruit vegetable biodiversity consumption diverse diets are sub-optimal, many contexts getting worse. Agrobiodiversity nutrition through food availability, access, consumption, with potential win-wins but notable trade-offs policy action time, place, use, equity. We pinpoint research gaps call inclusive deliberation action.

Language: Английский

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Application of crop wild relatives in modern breeding: An overview of resources, experimental and computational methodologies

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

Global agricultural industries are under pressure to meet the future food demand; however, existing crop genetic diversity might not be sufficient this expectation. Advances in genome sequencing technologies and availability of reference genomes for over 300 plant species reveals hidden wild relatives (CWRs), which could have significant impacts improvement. There many ex-situ in-situ resources around world holding rare valuable species, carry agronomically important traits it is crucial users aware their availability. Here we aim explore available ex-/in- situ such as genebanks, botanical gardens, national parks, conservation hotspots inventories CWR accessions. In addition highlight advances use genomic resources, contribution pangenome construction introducing novel genes into crops. We also discuss potential challenges modern breeding experimental approaches (e.g. de novo domestication, editing speed breeding) used CWRs computational machine learning) that up utilization programs towards adaptability yield

Language: Английский

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